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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Lymph node metastasis ; TNM classification ; Intraductal component
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Invasive ductal mammary carcinomas (IDC) of 1 cm in tumour size or less account for less than 20% of all IDC. We have observed 167 such cases at our Institution between 1985 and 1989. These were divided into carcinomas with an extensive or predominant intraductal component (EIC or PIC, being least 2× or 4× larger than the invasive component; 90) and compared statistically with the control group (no EIC or PIC; 77) for known prognostic factors and for their metastatic behaviour. Lymph nodes were step sectioned in order to detect occult micrometastases. The median follow up time was 62.6 months. Lymph node metastases were seen in 10% of pT1a and 19% of pT1b cases. Significant differences were found when comparing the EIC/PIC group with the control group (pT1a: 11% vs. 0%, pT1b: 37% vs. 11% lymph node metastases). Also, axillary and infraclavicular recurrence rates were higher for EIC/PIC carcinomas compared with other IDC of ≤1 cm (9.3% vs. 4.2%). This significantly adverse metastatic behaviour of the EIC/PIC tumours may be in part due to the more frequent occurrence of multifocal tumours in this group (in 43% vs. 6%), resulting in a greater tumour burden. We conclude that the overall risk of lymph node metastasis is not negligible in carcinomas of 1 cm or less in diameter with the risk being more than doubled for carcinomas with an intraductal component exceeding the invasive tumour by a factor of two. These differences were relevant only to regional metastases; the risk for distant metastasis and survival was identical after 5 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 675-682 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Breast cancer • Bone metastases • ; Radiotherapy • Bisphosphonates • Palliation • Surgery • Chemotherapy ; Schlüsselwörter Mammakarzinom • Knochenmetastasen • Strahlentherapie • Bisphosphonate • ; Palliation • Chirurgie • Chemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Knochenmetastasen beim Mammakarzinom verweisen nicht nur – wie andere Metastasen auch – auf die Inkurabilität des zugrunde liegenden Leidens, sondern gehen mit spezifischen Komplikationen einher. Insbesondere Knochenschmerzen und pathologische Frakturen beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität der betroffenen Frauen. Die Vermeidung oder Verminderung skelettaler Komplikationen besitzt daher höchste Priorität im Behandlungskonzept. Zwei Therapieoptionen bieten sich an: lokale und systemische. Zu den ersten zählen die Strahlenbehandlung und chirurgisch-orthopädische Maßnahmen. Die vier Säulen der systemischen Behandlung sind die Hormon- und Chemotherapie, die antiresorptive Therapie mit Bisphosphonaten und die Behandlung mit zentral- und/oder peripher wirksamen Analgetika. Voraussetzung für den Therapieerfolg ist die enge Kooperation von Gynäkologen, internistischen Onkologen, Radiotherapeuten, Chirurgen/Orthopäden, Schmerztherapeuten, und Endokrinologen (im Falle eines Hyperkalzämiesyndroms). Bei ausschließlich ossärer Metastasierung können die Überlebenszeiten der Patientinnen viele Jahre betragen. Um so wichtiger ist die frühzeitige Einleitung der adäquaten Therapiemaßnahme. Einen besonderen Stellenwert besitzen die Bisphosphonate, da ihre Hauptwirkung in der Vermeidung skelettaler Komplikationen besteht. Diese Substanzklasse ersetzt keine antineoplastische Therapie sondern ergänzt alle weiteren Behandlungskonzepte. Eine einmal eingeleitete Bisphosphonattherapie sollte auch bei ossärer Progression lebenslang weitergeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary Like other metastases, bone metastases in breast cancer patients are not only a sign of the incurable nature of the underlying disease, but are also associated with specific complications. In particular, bone pain and pathological fractures impair the quality of life of those affected. Any treatment concept must therefore place the highest priority on preventing or reducing skeletal complications. There are two treatment options – local and systemic. Local therapy includes radiotherapy as well as surgical and orthopedic measures. The four pillars of systemic treatment are hormone therapy and chemotherapy, antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonates and treatment with centrally and/or peripherally acting analgesics. A precondition for successful treatment is close cooperation between gynecologists, internists/oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons/orthopedists, pain specialists and endocrinologists (in the presence of a hypercalcemic syndrome). Patients with breast cancer associated solely with osseous metastasis may survive for a number of years. It is therefore all the more important to start appropriate therapeutic measures in good time. Bisphosphonates play a particularly valuable role, since their main effect lies in the prevention of skeletal complications. Rather than replacing antineoplastic therapy, this class of substances supplements other treatments. Once started, bisphosphonate therapy should be given life-long, even in the event of osseous progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Breast cancer ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was performed to analyze the relevance of iliac crest biopsy in patients with primary breast cancer with regard to metastases of the primary tumor and osteogenic disease. We performed intraoperative bilateral biopsy of the anterior iliac crests in 1465 patients with primary breast cancer. The bone specimens were histologically evaluated with regard to quality of the biopsy, tumor involvement, and osteogenic and hematogenic disease. Accurate and clear evaluation of the iliac crest biopsies was possible in 1365 patients (93%). Osteopenia was diagnosed in 48 patients (3.5%); 24 patients (1.7%) showed histological evidence of tumor involvement of the skeletal system. All these 24 patients received systemic (adjuvant) therapy after surgery. Ten patients had micrometastases, although in 5 of them both the postoperative bone scan and X-rays showed no pathological results. In 10 women with histologically negative bone biopsies, metastases to the bone were diagnosed by bone scan and radiological methods. Random perioperative iliac bone biopsy cannot be recommended in patients with primary breast cancer. Iliac crest biopsy is relevant in certain scenarios (e.g. suspected recurrence, doubtful bone scan).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 250 (1991), S. 222-258 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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