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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Grazing on Restoration of Endemic Dwarf Pine (Pinus culminicola Andresen et Beaman) Populations in Northeastern Mexico (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Restoration ecology 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A pilot experiment designed to test the effect of cattle, small mammals, and elevation on the success of reforestation of an endemic dwarf pine species in northeastern Mexico was implemented. Pinus culminicola (Andresen et Beaman) grows only in four high peaks in the Sierra Madre Oriental and is under pressure from grazing, wildfires, and human activities such as mining, road development for timber extraction, and telecommunication and aerial navigation devices. We planted and monitored 2-year-old seedlings at three elevations within the natural distribution range of this species at Cerro El Potosí in Nuevo León, Mexico. At each elevation three treatments were established: (1) seedlings protected from cattle plus small mammals, (2) seedlings protected from cattle, and (3) seedlings with free access to cattle and small mammals. Seedling survival was approximately 50% in (1) after 4 years, but there were no surviving seedlings with free access to cattle. Elevation in general did not account for variation in survival. Seedling growth was poor during the 4 years, which implies that seedlings remain susceptible to grazing and trampling by cattle and small mammals. The implications for a large-scale restoration program are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00012.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS04.3
Hair dyes, prediction of sensitization potential with QSAR (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  To identify substances and tonnage data for use for hair dyes registered in Europe. To predict the sensitization potential of each substance and to rank the substances due to their sensitization potential. Further to group the substances in clusters based on their physical chemical properties with a cluster analysis.Methods:  The Inventory list of Cosmetics Ingredients (INCI), new regulation on cosmetics, tonnage data for use and Toxnet were used to identify and quantify the hair dyes. Salts were disregarded. A QSAR (Qualitative structure-activity relationship) model called TOPS-MODE, based on local lymph node assay (LLNA) data and physical chemical properties were used to predict the sensitization potential and make a cluster analysis.Results:  Out of 315 hair dye substances 229 meet the inclusion criteria. Most of the hair dye substances 75% were predicted to be strong to moderate sensitizers. Less were predicted to be weak 22% and only a small part 3% were predicted to be extremely weak or non sensitizing. The 8 most used hair dye substances were predicted to be strong to moderate sensitizers. Ppd is the most used hair dye allergy marker but some azodyes were predicted to be more potent than para-phenylenediamine (ppd).Conclusions:  Most hair dye substances are predicted to be strong to moderate sensitizers, which explain why some people gets hair dye dermatitis. A patch test series with potent, much used azodyes, might prove useful in diagnosing ppd-negative patients, with hair dye allergy. The cluster analysis grouped the substances which can be helpful choosing substances for clinical patch test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309al.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrating models of relative abundance of species with the dry-weight-rank method for the botanical analysis of forest understorey vegetation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of this work was to determine the applicability of the dry-weight-rank (DWR) method for evaluating the botanical composition of forest understorey vegetation. An analysis of plant species abundance was carried out, and instead of ranking the three most abundant species, as is commonly used, up to twelve ranks were scored. Concurrently, four models of relative abundance distribution (RAD) of species were compared for their ability to explain the abundance of species in the study area. The Power-fraction model resulted in the best goodness-of-fit and it was subsequently used to produce the coefficients for the DWR method. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, the adjusted coefficient of determination, the residual standard deviation and Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient indicated a good performance of the DWR method. Biomass data and the Shannon index for diversity were also considered. Further analyses showed that there was a trade-off between the number of ranks scored and the accuracy of the botanical composition produced by the DWR method. It is concluded that, so long as the RAD model that explains the distribution of plant species is known, the DWR method can be applied to forest understorey vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00313.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency: quantitative structure–activity relationships (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergic contact dermatitis following the use of hair dyes is well known. Many chemicals are used in hair dyes and it is unlikely that all cases of hair dye allergy can be diagnosed by means of patch testing with p-phenylenediamine (PPD). The objectives of this study are to identify all hair dye substances registered in Europe and to provide their tonnage data. The sensitization potential of each substance was then estimated by using a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model and the substances were ranked according to their predicted potency. A cluster analysis was performed in order to help select a number of chemically diverse hair dye substances that could be used in subsequent clinical work. Various information sources, including the Inventory of Cosmetics Ingredients, new regulations on cosmetics, data on total use and ChemId (the Chemical Search Input website provided by the National Library of Medicine), were used in order to identify the names and structures of the hair dyes. A QSAR model, developed with the help of experimental local lymph node assay data and topological sub-structural molecular descriptors (TOPS-MODE), was used in order to predict the likely sensitization potential. Predictions for sensitization potential were made for the 229 substances that could be identified by means of a chemical structure, the majority of these hair dyes (75%) being predicted to be strong/moderate sensitizers. Only 22% were predicted to be weak sensitizers and 3% were predicted to be extremely weak or non-sensitizing. Eight of the most widely used hair dye substances were predicted to be strong/moderate sensitizers, including PPD – which is the most commonly used hair dye allergy marker in patch testing. A cluster analysis by using TOPS-MODE descriptors as inputs helped us group the hair dye substances according to their chemical similarity. This would facilitate the selection of potential substances for clinical patch testing. A patch-test series with potent, frequently used, substances representing various chemical clusters is suggested. This may prove useful in diagnosing PPD-negative patients with symptoms of hair dye allergy and would provide some clinical validation of the QSAR predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00440.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient and rapid solubilization of biological material
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 37 (1970), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(70)90251-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Vasopressin on Ependymal and Cerebral Capillary Permeability to Tritiated Water in Cat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 481 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27172.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fluorouracil (CEF) versus cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, fluorouracil (CNF) in women with metastatic breast cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 58 (1999), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: epirubicin ; metastatic breast cancer ; mitoxantrone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The mitoxantrone combination CNF and the epirubicin combination CEF have shown similar activity and less toxicity than the standard CAF combination in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A prospective randomised study was started to compare safety and activity between CEF and CNF administered using a classical chemotherapeutic schedule in MBC. Patients and methods: From December 1987 to June 1993, 151 patients were randomised to receive cyclophosphamide (C) 100 mg m−2 p.o. days 1–14, fluorouracil (F) 500 mg m−2 i.v. days 1 and 8, and epirubicin (E) 30 mg m−2 i.v. days 1 and 8, or mitoxantrone (N) 6 mg m−2 i.v. days 1 and 8, every 4 weeks. Seventy‐three patients were eligible for CEF and 72 for CNF. Results: Objective responses were observed in 61.6 of the CEF group and 44.4 in CNF group (p=0.004). The median duration of response was 64 weeks in CEF and 50 weeks in CNF group (p=0.02) and median time to progression was 51 and 33 weeks, respectively (p=0.0004). At the time of analysis, all except six patients (one in CNF and five in CEF) had died and the median survival time in the CEF group was longer than in CNF (74.4 weeks vs 51.4 weeks; log-rank χ2 test p=0.015). CNF produced more hematologic toxicity than CEF (WHO scale; grades 2–4): leucopenia 84% vs 68% (p=0.03) and trombocytopenia 17% vs 4.5% (p=0.01); CEF caused more grade 2 and 3 alopecia: 93% vs 70% (p=0.00 1). Conclusion: The combination CEF using this schedule and dosage in metastatic breast cancer is more effective with less toxicity than CNF, except for alopecia, and was associated with longer survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006387801960
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