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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Akute Virushepatitis ; „Hippie“-Hepatitis ; Chronisch persistierende Hepatitis ; Chronisch aggressive Hepatitis ; Hepatitis unter Immunsuppression ; Hepatitis B Antigen-Carrierstatus ; Immunfluorescenz-Methode zur anti-HBcAg-Bestimmung ; Acute viral hepatitis ; “Hippie” hepatitis ; Chronic persistent hepatitis ; Chronic aggressive hepatitis ; Hepatitis under immunosuppression ; Hepatitis B antigen carrier state ; Immunofluorescence method for anti-HBcAg determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The occurrence of anti-HBcAg antibodies in the blood as determined by indirect immunofluorescence and its relation to the occurrence of HBsAg in the cytoplasm and of HBcAg and IgG in the nuclei of hepatocytes were studied in the following groups of patients (total of 123 biopsies): I. 64 HBAg-negative patients with various liver diseases; II. 51 HBAg-positive patients without therapeutical immunosuppression (6 acute hepatitis, 10 nonspecific reactive and 10 chronic persistent hepatitis, 19 chronic aggressive hepatitis, 6 „Hippie“-hepatitis); III. 8 kidney transplant recipients. It could be shown that nuclear IgG is found only if both parameters can be demonstrated at the same time: HBcAg in liver cell nuclei and anti-HBcAg antibodies in the serum in titers higher than 1:64. Accordingly, all types of hepatitis with excess formation of nuclear HBcAg (early phase of acute hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis and chronic non-aggressive forms with generalized core formation, i.e. carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis of the HBc type) may show nuclear fluorescence for IgG. All forms of hepatitis B without detectable core formation (acute hepatitis in the elimination phase, chronic nonaggressive hepatitis with isolated HBsAg expression, i.e. carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis of the HBs type, posthepatitic phase) do not present nuclear IgG despite eventual anti-HBcAg formation. Finally, lack of anti-HBcAg or very low titers associated with lack of IgG in hepatocytic nuclei do not exclude generalized core formation in liver cell nuclei in chronic persistent hepatitis of effectively immunosuppressed patients. Although the demonstration of nuclear IgG has several diagnostic and prognostic consequences in common with the demonstration of HBcAg, a specific search for the core antigen in the tissue is needed for the correct appraisal of the HBcAg- and HBsAg tissue expression pattern and the associated disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der indirekten Immunfluorescenz-Methode wurden anti-HBcAg-Antikörper im Blut bestimmt und ihr Vorkommen in Beziehung gesetzt zum Nachweis von HBsAg im Zytoplasma und HBcAg sowie IgG im Zellkern in Leberbiopsien von insgesamt 123 Probanden. Das Untersuchungskollektiv umfaßte 64 HBAg-seronegative Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Leberkrankheiten, 51 HBAg-seropositive Patientenohne therapeutische Immunsuppression (darunter histologisch 6 akute Hepatitis, 10 unspezifisch reaktive Hepatitis, 10 chronisch persistierende Hepatitis, 19 chronisch aggressive Hepatitis und 6 „Hippie“-Hepatitis) sowie 8 sero-positive immunsupprimierte Nierentransplantat-Empfänger. IgG war immer dann darstellbar, wenn gleichzeitig die Leberzellkerne positiv ausfielen für HBcAg und anti-HBcAg-Titer im Blut den Titerwert von 1:64 überstiegen. So ließen alle Hepatitisformen mit ausgeprägter nukleärer Core-Bildung, wie Frühphase der akuten Hepatitis, chronisch aggressive Hepatitis und nicht-aggressive Formen mit generalisierter HBcAg-Expression (z.B. chronisch persistierende Hepatitis oder Trägerstatus vom HBc-Typ) nukleäres IgG erkennen. Alle Varianten der Hepatitis Bohne faßbares HBcAg im Gewebe (akute Hepatitis in der Eliminationsphase oder posthepatitisch, chronisch persistierende Hepatitis und Trägerstatus vom HBs-Typ) hingegen waren negativ auf nukleäres IgG und zwar auch in Fällen mit nachweisbaren anti-HBc-Antikörpern im Blut. Bei effektivimmunsupprimierten Patienten mit chronisch persistierender Hepatitis schließlich war IgG im Gewebe negativ und die Bluttiter für anti-HBc waren negativ oder sehr niedrig, so daß in diesen Fällen eine generalisierte nukleäre Core-Expression nicht erfaßt werden konnte. Wenn auch dem Nachweis von IgG im Lebergewebe eine gewisse diagnostische und prognostische Bedeutung zuzusprechen ist, ist doch der spezifische Nachweis von HBcAg im Gewebe in der Ermittlung des HBc- und HBs-Ag-Expressionsmusters im Gewebe und damit in der korrekten Einstufung einer Hepatitis B-Virusinfektion überlegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 39 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cellular extracts of Tetrahymena thermophila were found to contain substantial levels of proteolytic activity. Protein digestion occurred over broad ranges of pH, ionic strength, and temperature and was stimulated by treatment with thiol reductants, EDTA and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Incubation at temperatures ≥60° C or with high concentrations of chaotropic reagents such as 10 M urea or 6 M guanidine-HCl caused an apparent irreversible loss of activity. Activity was also strongly diminished by increasing concentrations of divalent cations. Several peptide aldehydes, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and alkylating reagents such as iodoacetate, N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, N-methylmaleimide, and trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)-butane were potent inhibitors of proteolytic activity. Aprotinin diminished activity by approximately 40% while benzamidine, 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, and trypsin inhibitors from soy bean, lima bean, and chicken egg caused relatively modest inhibition of proteolytic activity. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride had no apparent effect. Electrophoretic separation of proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with gelatin substrate revealed that at least eight active proteolytic enzymes were present in cell extracts ranging in apparent molecular weight from 45,000 to 110,000. Five of these apparent proteases were detected in 70% ammonium sulfate precipitates. Gelatinase activity was not detectable when extracts were pretreated with iodoacetate or E-64, indicating that all of the enzymes observed in activity gels were sensitive to thiol alkylation. Cellular extracts of T. thermophila appeared to contain multiple forms of proteolytic enzymes which were stimulated by thiol reductants and inhibited by thiol modifying reagents. Accordingly, the proteolytic enzymes present in cell extracts appear to be predominantly cysteine proteinases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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