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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific interactions and diet of sympatric juvenile brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, and adult ninespine sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 28 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Breeding male ninespine sticklebacks, Pungilius pungitius, are highly aggressive toward juvenile brook charr. Salvelinus fontinalis, in the Matamek River, Québec. Field observations revealed that such aggression was always initiated by the sticklebacks and only if the charr approached their nests or free-swimming fry. There was considerable overlap in diet in August, but not in June and July, suggesting competition for food is possible under some circumstances.In laboratory stream tanks, we compared frequency of intraspecific and interspecific aggression of single and mixed species groups over a range of densities. There was no simple relationship between aggression and density for either species, although significant differences in aggression occurred among fish in some of the different density conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05150.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early life histories of three sympatric sticklebacks in a salt-marsh (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of abiotic factors (water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity) and interspecific competition on the survival and growth of early life stages of three sympatric sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, G. wheallandi and Pungitius pungitius, were studied in salt-marsh tide pools near Isle Verte, Quebec. Significant year-to-year variation was observed in the percentage of live eggs per nest, egg incubation times, and the growth and condition of juveniles for all three species. These differences were associated with variations in temperature, oxygen and salinity in the pools. Comparisons of egg survival and juvenile growth rates were also made for G. aculeatus living in two contrasting habitats of the salt-marsh, the harsh and variable tide pools, and a less harsh, less variable freshwater site. Egg incubation times were longer, and the percentage of live eggs per nest lower, in the river than in the pools. However, river juveniles had higher growth rates and condition factors than pool juveniles. Results of experiments to study interspecific competition between juvenile G. aculaetus and juvenile G. wheatlandi were inconsistent, and it is suggested that the effects of abiotic factors on the survival and growth of early life stages in sticklebacks are more important than competition at this site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03303.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male aggression and female mate choice in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 30 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A laboratory study of female G. aculeatus revealed no conclusive evidence of active female mate choice on the basis of male aggression levels. However, highly aggressive males failed in 95% of all choice tests. The less aggressive ‘chosen’ males were generally successful again in subsequent trials with the same female, and certain males were consistently successful with different females. Females exhibited an increased readiness to spawn at the end of the reproductive season, although the same males were usually selected again.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05797.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The breeding-season population structure of three sympatric, territorial sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Animals breeding only once late in life should spend most of the time during their one reproductive season attempting to reproduce. Contrary to this prediction, we found that the individuals of three species of sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) spent very short periods of time on their breeding ground. Tidal flooding of the site controlled patterns of fish immigration and emigration. Inundations early in the breeding season brought in new immigrants which replaced most resident fish. However, towards the end of the breeding season there was less immigration and a higher percentage of the residents remained in their pools. We expected to see movements among pools by surplus males searching for sites to establish a territory; instead, few fish moved among pools, and most of those that did were females. A high energetic cost of breeding in this unstable habitat may best explain these residency patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04980.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spawning patterns in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): an evaluation by DNA fingerprinting (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We analysed a random sample of 10 three-spined stickleback nests by DNA fingerprinting. DNA from the guardian male and a random subsample of LO fry per nest were probed with pYNZ 132, a human single-locus probe for VNTR-loci (variable number of tandem repeats). On average this probe produced DNA fingerprints of 12 scoreable bands. By comparing the bands present in each individual, we calculated band sharing indices (BSIs) between the guardian male and its fry. The BSls varied between 0.40 and 0.77 with an average (± S.D.) of 0.59 ± 0.09. We therefore conclude that the guardian male was the true father of the fry in all these nests. Once the paternal bands in each fry were determined, we compared the maternal bands among the fry of each nest. Based on the BSIs obtained with these comparisons, we found that one guardian male enticed three females to spawn in its nest, six enticed two females and three enticed one female.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb05079.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource utilization and coexistence of three species of sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) in tidal salt-marsh pools (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Food resource partitioning in a community consisting of three sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) was studied in a tidal salt-marsh near Isle Verte, Québec in the St Lawrence Estuary. From May to July 1981 stomachs of all species were analysed. In general four prey items composed greater than 70% of the diet. There were differences in the relative proportions of prey items eaten between the sexes and species and on the different sampling dates, indicating resource partitioning. However, experiments, where allopatric and sympatric populations were established in tidal pools, did not reveal and significant shift in either type of prey or size of prey consumed, suggesting that food competition was unimportant. Microhabitat partitioning was also observed between the three species which may have served to reduce interspecific competition for food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04888.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental control of salinity preferences in four sympatric species of sticklebacks: Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius and Apeltes quadracus (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 28 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Salinity preferences of four sympatric species of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi, Pungitius pungitius, Apelles quadracus) were studied after acclimation to different regimes of photoperiod and temperature. The results indicate that photoperiod and temperature influence salinity preferences of G. aculeatus, G. wheatlandi and A. quadracus but that they are virtually without effect in the case of P. pungitius. Moreover, the overall photoperiod effects on salinity preferences are in accordance with the migratory movements of G. aculeatus and A. quadracus. The effect of temperature was more difficult to analyse because of its unnatural timing. It is clear, however, that temperature is involved in the regulation of salinity preferences of G. aculeatus and perhaps of G. wheatlandi. The relative importance of external factors in the adjustment of salinity preferences differed for the four species. However, the results suggest that for G. aculeatus and A. quadracus salinity preferences are an important component of the orientation mechanisms used during their seasonal migrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05206.x
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    The Euripidean Heracles. An Intellectual and a Coward? (1991)
    Leiden, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Mnemosyne. ser.4:44:1/2 (1991) 85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-7074
    Topics: Classical Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4137-1991-044-01-000004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a relationship between geotaxis and seasonal movements in the toad Bufo americanus (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 17 (1974), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When activity data (i.e. crossings on a strip of fine sand) were compared with data acquired using an inclined plane, a relation of geotaxis to vertical movements was evident. We conclude that Bufo americanus has the ability to use geotaxis in its orientation in areas where topography is abrupt and breeding pools are in the bottom of valleys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344927
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the evolution of nest raiding and male defensive behaviour in sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae) (1988)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 22 (1988), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We develop a model to explain the evolution of nest raiding by female sticklebacks based on enhanced female reproductive success derived by creating mating opportunities with the male whose nest has been destroyed. Our model depends critically on the shape of the function relating percentage hatch success to the number of eggs in a male's nest, and the probability that the female will later mate with the male whose nest was raided. Raiding by females will be favoured when the number of eggs in the nest is high providing high egg numbers reduces the percentage hatch rate. High probabilities of mating with the male in question also favour raiding. A second model suggests that males cannot reduce the probability of being raided by limiting the number of eggs in the nest. Instead selection should favour their increasing the number of eggs in the nest. Tests of these models are suggested and their relation to other factors which may influence the evolution of cannibalism are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300568
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