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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 170 (1981), S. 83-89 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The propagation and adaptation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in human embryo kidney cells (HKC) is shown. The growth curve of HAV in the first passage through HKC is compared to the growth curve in the tenth passage through HKC. It is shown that in the course of 18 passages through HKC, HAV adapted to these cells causing the virus to grow much more rapidly. The cell-bound HAV is compared to the HAV released in the cell-culture supernatant during the ninth passage through HKC. The HAV from the tenth passage through HKC is shown to be able to replicate also in a human embryo fibroblast strain (HFS). Furthermore, adaptation of the HAV to HFS is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 172 (1984), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatitis A-virus produced in Frhk-4/R cells is used and compared with stool-derived HAV as an antigen in diagnostic test systems. It is shown that the two antigens react identically in the anti-HAV test with anti-HAV-IgG positive human sera. In the anti-HAV-IgM test, too, stool-derived HAV and cell-culture-produced HAV react very similarly. The titres of anti-HAV-IgG and anti-HAV-IgM positive sera, obtained with stool and cell-culture HAV in quantitative antibody determinations, are shown to be identical. It is shown that the problem of HAV antigen production can now be solved by propagation of HAV with Frhk-4/R cells and that this antigen is very useful in diagnostic test systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 173 (1984), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A test system for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis A-virus (anti-HAV-Nt) is presented. The anti-HAV-Nt assay is performed with Frhk-4/R cells and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) strain GBM/Frhk-4/R which has been adapted to these cells. Non-neutralized HAV is demonstrated 14 days after infection of Frhk-4/R cells using a radio-immunoassay for detecting newly grown HAV. The influence of differing amounts of HAV on the anti-HAV-Nt titre and the effect of variations in incubation time of virus-serum mixtures are described. The time course of anti-HAV-Nt is shown in sera from a hepatitis-A patient which were taken at different stages of the disease. Anti-HAV-Nt is compared with anti-HAV and anti-HAV-IgM. It is shown that anti-HAV-Nt correlates closely with anti-HAV and separated anti-HAV-IgG, but only slightly with anti-HAV-IgM. The test system presented makes possible the demonstration of neutralizing antibodies against HAV in gamma-globulin preparations and during vaccination studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 166 (1978), S. 187-194 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With crude virus suspensions from stool and antibodies from hepatitis-A patients, a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of hepatitis virus A (HVA) and antibodies against hepatitis virus A (anti-HVA) has been developed. Examples for the application of this test are demonstrated. Virus particles from the stools of the two patients were further characterized. Serologically, they were identical or very similar to the MS-1 strain. Isopycnic CsCl-gradient centrifugation of both strains revealed two peaks, but the particles of different densities did not differ in size or serologically. A modification of the RIA was also useful for determination of IgM antibodies in patients' sera fractionated by sucrose-density centrifugation. The application of the RIA method for serologic epidemiology is demonstrated by a comparison of anti-HVA prevalence in German and non-German women residing in Germany.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A combination of gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn antitumour assay has been developed. A melatonin insensitive human melanoma cell strain was used to guide the purification of the antitumour effect of an ovine pineal aqueous extract (MW 1,000 to 10,000) that possessed the ability to decrease the hypophysiotropic activity of rat and mice hypothalami in vitro. This allows a specific identification of a pined factor (MW 2,000 to 6,000) that inhibits the growth of human melanoma cells at a dose of 0.47 mg/ml medium. It was shown that the activity of this pineal compound differs from structures known to be present in the pineal, such as melatonin, pteridines, and β-carbolines. There appears to be evidence for a peptidic nature of this pineal antitumour factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz von Hepatitis A (HA), Hepatitis B (HB) oder Nicht-A-, Nicht-B-(NANB-)Hepatitis und deren Epidemiologie bei allen Patienten mit akuter Virushepatitis des Roslagstull-Hospital in Stockholm, Schweden, wurde über einen Zeitraum von fünf Monaten 1953–54 (Gruppe I) untersucht, ehe es dort Abhängigkeit gegenüber i. v. applizierten Drogen gab. Die Ergebnisse dieser Gruppe wurden mit einer Gruppe von Hepatitis-Patienten verglichen, die im Verlauf von sechs Monaten im Jahre 1970 (Gruppe II) und im Verlauf von 13 aufeinanderfolgenden Monaten in den Jahren 1977–78 (Gruppe III) eingewiesen wurden, zu einer Zeit, in der in Stockholm Drogenabhängigkeit gegenüber i. v. Drogen aufgetreten war. Die Seren aller Patienten wurden auf das Vorhandensein von Antikörpern gegen das Hepatitis-A-Virus (Anti-HAV), das Hepatitis-B-Oberflächenantigen (HBsAg), den korrespondierenden Antikörper (Anti-HBs) und auf Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis-B-Core-Antigen (Anti-HBc) mit radioimmunologischen Methoden (RIA) untersucht (HAVAB, AUSRIA II, AUSAB und CORAB, Abbott Laboratories). Die HAVAB-positiven Seren wurden mit einem Festphasen-Radioimmunoassay auf Anti-HAV-IgG und Anti-HAV-IgM untersucht. Eine Hepatitis A wurde bei 31% der Patienten (20 von 64) in Gruppe I, 28% (42 von 151) in Gruppe II und 30% (84 von 277) in Gruppe III diagnostiziert. Eine Hepatitis B wurde bei 55% (35 von 64), 62% (93 von 151) und 47% (129 von 277) der Patienten in den Gruppen I, II und III diagnostiziert. Durch Ausschluß einer Hepatitis A, B, einer Zytomegalie oder Epstein-Barr-Virusinfektion konnten Hepatitis-NANB-Infektionen bei 14% (9 von 64), 10% (15 von 151) und 23% (63 von 277) der Fälle in den Gruppen I, II und III diagnostiziert werden. Es zeigte sich, daß Hepatitis-B-Infektionen sowohl in den Jahren vor als auch nach dem Auftreten von Drogenabhängigkeit dominierten und daß die Hepatitis-A-Infektionen in allen drei Gruppen gleich häufig auftraten. NANB-Infektionen traten bereits in den 50er Jahren auf, und der Prozentsatz dieser Infektionen in den Jahren 1953–54 und 1977–78 mit 14% und 14,8% blieb gleich, wenn die Drogenabhängigen ausgenommen wurden. I. v. Drogenabhängigkeit führte zu einer veränderten epidemiologischen Situation dadurch, daß das Durchschnittsalter der Hepatitispatienten sank, daß vorwiegend männliche Hepatitis B und NANB-Patienten auftraten und, daß der Anteil der NANB-Patienten innerhalb der Hepatitispatienten anstieg.
    Notes: Summary The incidence of hepatitis types A (HA), B (HB) and Non-A, Non-B (NANB) and their epidemiology were studied in all patients admitted to the Roslagstull Hospital for acute viral hepatitis during five consecutive months in 1953–54 (Group I). This was before i. v. drug addiction had been encountered in Stockholm, Sweden. The results were compared with the findings in patients with acute viral hepatitis admitted during six consecutive months in 1970 (Group II) and during 13 consecutive months in 1977–78 (Group III) when i. v. drug addiction had become prevalent in Stockholm. Sera from all patients were tested for antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the corresponding antibody (anti-HBs), and for antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) using radioimmunoassay techniques (RIA) (HAVAB, AUSRIA II, AUSAB, and CORAB, Abbott Laboratories). HAVAB-positive sera were tested for anti-HAV-IgG and anti-HAV-IgM by a solid phase RIA. Hepatitis A was diagnosed in 31% (20/64), 28% (42/151), and 30% (84/277) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. Hepatitis B was diagnosed in 55% (35/64), 62% (93/151) and 47% (129/277) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. By excluding infections with HA and HB viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus, NANB was diagnosed in 14% (9/64), 10% (15/151), and 23% (63/277) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. HB dominated both before and after i. v. drug addiction had become prevalent. The relative number of HA cases was constant, irrespective of the year under investigation. NANB existed as early as the 1950s, and if i. v. drug addicts were excluded, the relative number of these infections was found to be constant, i. e. 14% and 14.8% in 1953–54 and 1977–78, respectively. I. v. drug addiction was found to have changed the epidemiological situation by decreasing the mean age of hepatitis patients, by increasing the male preponderance of HB and NANB patients, and by increasing the relative number of NANB cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Pineal extracts ; human melanoma cells ; growth-inhibiting effect ; synthetic pineal compounds and analogues ; in vitro experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect was studied of a number of synthetic indoleamines, pteridines,β-carbolines, of AVT and of crude extracts from rat and ovine pineal glands on human melanoma cellsin vitro. The identified pineal substances as well as some of their analogues showed an inhibitory effect only at non-physiologically high concentrations. However, crude pineal extracts were more active than the synthetic pineal substances tested. They contain a compound which may have a tumor-inhibiting potency comparable to that of methotrexate but a different mechanism of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Growth inhibition ; purification ; melanoma cells ; anti-tumor factor ; ovine pineal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An in vitro human melanoma cell assay was used to work up the partial purification of (a) low molecular weight (MW) substance(s) from aqueous extracts of ovine pineal tissue shown to contain a growth-inhibiting activity. A combination of paper chromatography, ion-exchange and reversephase high performance liquid chromatography with post-column antitumor assay has been developed. This allows a specific identification of an ovine pineal factor (MW〈500) which inhibits the growth of human melanoma cells in vitro. The substance was partially purified to about 1,000 times as compared to the IC100-value of the starting material (retentate5). The growth inhibition of human melanoma cells in culture was complete at a dose of 0.1 μg/ml of purified pineal factor(s). It was demonstrated that the activity of this pineal compound differs from some substances known to be present in the pineal, such as melatonin, serotonin, peridines and β-carbolines. The activity was not destroyed by treatment with proteolytic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The IFN used in therapy was a diploid cell-strain IFN (HuIFN-0) (Rentschler Co., Laupheim) produced in human foreskin fibroblasts (FS-4) by superinduction with poly(I o C), cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The IFN preparations were purified and concentrated using perchloric acid and ammonium ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 163 (1977), S. 209-214 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During a hepatitis outbreak in Southern Germany 27 nm particles were visualized by immune electron microscopy in stools of two patients. These particles were sereologically identical or similar to hepatitis A-virus particles identified in the USA. The buoyant density of these particles was 1.34 g/cm3 as shown by cesium chloride density centrifugation. The particles were first observed in small numbers in a stool obtained 11 days, and in large numbers in stools obtained 6 and 7 days before the onset of jaundice. Few particles were seen on the day of the onset of jaundice and none thereafter. In both patients a sereoconversion to hepatitis A-virus as judged by immune electron microscopy could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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