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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Although lactulose and polyethylene glycol are osmotic laxatives widely used in the treatment of chronic constipation, no study has been conducted to compare their actions on the colonic bacterial ecosystem, which has an important influence on host health.Aim : To assess the effects of lactulose and polyethylene glycol on the composition and metabolic indices of the faecal flora in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation.Methods : Sixty-five patients with chronic idiopathic constipation were included in this controlled, multi-centre, randomized, parallel-group study. Participants received lactulose (Duphalac) or polyethylene glycol-4000 (Forlax) powders for the first week at a fixed dosage at night (20 g/day); in the second week, patients were given the option to vary the dose according to efficacy and tolerance (10–30 g/day); for the last 2 weeks, treatment was administered at a fixed dosage based on the results of the second week (10–30 g/day). Stools were recovered for bacteriological analysis at days − 1, 21 and 28.Results : Clinical efficacy and tolerance were similar with both treatments. In the lactulose group, an increase in faecal bifidobacteria counts (P = 0.04) and β-galactosidase activity (P 〈 0.001) was observed from day − 1 to day 28, whereas, in the polyethylene glycol group, there was a decrease in total short-chain fatty acids (P = 0.02), butyrate (P = 0.04), acetate (P = 0.02) and faecal bacterial mass (P = 0.001). No differences were observed in stools with regard to the following parameters: counts of Lactobacillus, clostridial spores, Bacteroides and enterobacteria, pH, biliary acids and neutral sterol concentrations.Conclusions : Both lactulose and polyethylene glycol are efficacious and well tolerated. However, although lactulose can be considered as a pre-biotic in constipated patients, polyethylene glycol produces signs of decreased colonic fermentation in the stool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Tioguanine (TG) is an antimetabolite which may be regarded as an alternative to azathioprine (AZA)/mercaptopurine (MP) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.Aims : To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of TG in patients with Crohn's disease, intolerant or resistant to AZA/MP.Methods : An open prospective study was made on Crohn's disease patients treated with TG. Intolerance to AZA/MP was defined as a reaction occurring within 1 month after introduction of AZA/MP, including pancreatitis, abdominal pain, fever, arthralgia, myalgia, cutaneous rash, fatigue, alopecia, hepatitis and digestive intolerance. Resistance to AZA/MP was defined as the persistence of activity after at least 3 months of AZA/MP therapy.Results : Forty-nine Crohn's disease patients (36 women, 13 men; intolerance: n = 39; resistance: n= 10) were treated with TG (20 mg/day). Clinical pancreatitis did not recur under TG. Five patients (10%) had to stop TG due to intolerant reactions observed 13–21 days after TG was started. No haematological side-effects were observed under TG. The probability of clinical remission without corticosteroids or infliximab at 6 and 12 months was 46% and 79%, respectively, in the 40 patients with active disease at baseline. The probability of clinical relapse during maintenance TG therapy at 6 and 12 months was 29% and 53%, respectively, in the 28 patients in remission at baseline or who had achieved remission on TG.Conclusions : TG is a possible alternative treatment in Crohn's disease patients, intolerant (especially for pancreatitis) or resistant to AZA/MP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Familial adenomatous polyposis ; Duodenal adenomas ; Prophylactic pancreaticoduodenal resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'incidence d'adénomes duodénaux chez des patients atteints de polypose familiale (F. A. P.) est élevéee. Les adénomes du duodénum ont un potentiel de malignité et les adénocarcinomes du duodénum sont une des causes principales de décès chez les patients qui avaient subi au préalable une procto-colectomie. Une approche conservatrice du traitement des adénomes duodénaux (médication anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdienne, endoscopie, polypectomie par duodénotomie) est insuffisante et peu sûre. Si un cancer invasif se développe dans un adénome du duodénum, le résultat de la chirurgie est mauvais. Nous avons réalisé des résections pancréatico-duodénales prophylactiques pour des polyposes duodénales sévères non malignes chez 5 patients depuis 1991. Aucune mortalité opératoire n'est à déplorer. Un patient a développé une fistule pancréatique qui a été traitée avec succès médicalement. Le follow-up moyen est de 35 mois. Les cinq patients sont toujours en vie et ont un bon résultat fonctionnel. En cas de F. A. P., la résection pancréaticoduodénale prophylactique peut être indiquée lorsqu'une polypose duodénale est présente. Les stades III et IV de la classification de Spigelman, un adénome péri-ampullaire, plus de 40 ans d'âge et une histoire familiale de cancer du duodénum sont des facteurs qui peuvent conduire à la décision de réaliser une résection pancréatico-duodénale prophylactique.
    Notes: Abstract The frequency of duodenal adenomas in patients with, familial adenomatous polyposis is high. Duodenal adenoma has malignant potential, and duodenal adenocarcinoma is one of the main causes of death in patients who have had previous proctocolectomy. A conservative approach to the treatment of duodenal adenomas (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, endoscopy, polypectomy through duodenotomy) is inefficient and unsafe. When invasive cancer occurs in duodenal adenomas, the result of surgery is poor. We have performed prophylactic pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) for nonmalignant severe duodenal polyposis in five patients since 1991. No operative mortality was observed. One patient developed a pancreatic fistula which was successfully managed by medical treatment. The mean follow-up was 35 months. All five patients are still alive and have a good functional outcome. Prophylactic PDR may be indicated in familial adenomatous polyposis when duodenal polyposis is severe. Stages III and IV of Spigelman's classification, periampullary adenoma, age above 40, and family history of duodenal cancer are factors that may lead to the decision to perform prophylactic PDR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Keywords Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ; Crohn’s disease ; Ileal pouch ; Functional results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ileal-pouch anal anastomosis is sometimes performed inappropriately in Crohn’s disease patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results in this subset. In 54 ileal-pouch anal anastomoses performed between 1985 and 1997 for CUD the patient was eventually diagnosed as having Crohn’s disease in seven cases. A retrospective review was performed. Definitive diagnosis was established on histopathology, endoscopy, and clinical presentation. The principal outcome factors were pouch failure, reason for failure, and functional results in cases of retained pouch. Patients ranked their quality of life between 1 and 10. We found three failures due to pelvic abscess, anoperineal disease, and anovulvar fistula. The pouch was excised in the latter patient; four patients retained their pouch. Functional results were good in the four (7 year follow-up): 7.25 bowel movements per day, ability to discriminate flatus from feces in three, soiling in one, urgency in one, perianal pad in one, ability to differ bowel movement for 66 min, diet, and antidiarrheal medication all four, pouchitis in one, sexual troubles in one woman, no urinary or obstetric trouble. Quality of life was judged satisfactory by six of the seven patients. Our 13% rate of inadvertent ileal-pouch anal anastomosis is higher than results usually reported. This difference is explained by the diagnostic criteria, whose validity is controversial. Three-stage surgery to decrease inadvertent restorative coloproctectomy is worth considering. Even if results are good when the pouch is functioning, Crohn’s disease remains a contraindication to ileal-pouch anal anastomosis because of its high rate of failure and excision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: dyspepsia ; gastric distension ; gastric accommodation ; gastric sensitivity ; gastric emptying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sensory and pressure responses to gastric distension were evaluated in 24 consecutive patients suffering from chronic idiopathic dyspepsia and 20 healthy subjects. A latex balloon was placed in the proximal stomach and inflated by increments of 100 ml of air up to a maximal volume of 800 ml. Symptom response and intragastric pressure-volume curve were recorded during the gradual balloon distension. Thirteen of the 24 patients experienced pain at a distension volume ≤400 ml of air, but only one of the 20 controls (P〈0.001). Intragastric pressure-volume curves were similar in patients and controls, and in patients with and without abnormal pain threshold, suggesting that a compliance defect was not the cause of the sensory anomaly. Gastric emptying of solids and liquids was measured in 20 of the 24 patients using a dual isotopic technique; psychological status was also evaluated in 18 patients using the Mini-Mult test. The frequency of the sensory anomaly was not different in patients with (7/14) or without (4/6) gastric stasis, but was lower in patients with (5/13) than in those without psychological disturbances (5/5,P〈0.01). Thus, a primary visceral sensory anomaly, either alone or in conjunction with motility disturbances, can play an important role in chronic idiopathic dyspepsia and must be taken in account for further therapeutic research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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