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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of avian osteopetrosis induced by retrovirus MAV.2-O (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 382-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Avian osteopetrosis ; Avian oncornavirus ; Ultrastructure ; Calcification ; Bone cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Diaphyseal tibial bone of 12.5 – 13-day and 19-day-old embryos and 20-day-old hatched chicks infected with retrovirus MAV.2-O were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The viruses were associated with lining osteoblasts and osteocytes. Whereas the infection of the osteoblast layer seemed to be a transient stage, virus association with osteocytes was a constant and main ultrastructural feature. The viruses were found either in the osteoid or in the periosteocytic space of the bone lacunae. They arose from dense cytoplasmic areas located near the cell plasmalemma via a budding process. The newly budded virus particles often had a large tail or a fine stalk-like process lost in the extracellular space. The viruses underwent calcification by deposition of inorganic material and were incorporated in the bone trabeculae. No production of virus was observed in typical osteoclasts with well-differentiated ruffled borders. The viral-induced avian osteopetrosis seemed to result from increased bone deposition through stimulation of osteoblast and osteocyte activities, whereas osteoclastic bone resorption seemed to be undisturbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411272
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-embedding immunohistochemistry as an approach to high resolution antigen localization at the light microscopic level (1981)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 72 (1981), S. 173-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pre-embedding immunohistochemistry with subsequent embedding in hydroxypropyl methacrylate enables one to obtain high resolution staining of antigens in 1 μ tissue sections. A routine method using formaldehyde fixation, methanol permeation, and an indirect method with fluoresceinlabeled second antibody is described. This method is compared with other pre-embedding staining procedures. To illustrate the method the mouse small intestine was chosen as a model and stained with antibodies to tubulin, actin, and fibronectin. Some anticipated and some unusual staining patterns were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517131
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAV-2-O replicates at a reduced rate in cells from the osteopetrosis resistant G-B1 chicken (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 91 (1986), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The replication of the avian osteopetrosis virus MAV-2-O was compared in chick embryo fibroblasts from two strains of chicken. These were G-B1 which is relatively resistant to MAV-2-O and CB which is susceptible. The production of MAV-2-O was delayed in G-B1 cells (compared with CB cells). The same result was observed after infection with Rous sarcoma viruses of subgroups B, C, and D. In addition, the transforming viruses induced foci on G-B1 fibroblasts 24 to 48 hours later than on CB fibroblasts. In G-B1 cells there was also a delayed kinetics of intracellular viral RNA production. Integrated and linear unintegrated MAV-2-O DNA species were also present in lower amounts in G-B1 than in CB fibroblasts at 3 days postinfection.In vivo studies confirmed thein vitro situation. There was a marked difference in the amount of virus present in the osteoid bone matrix and the osteocytic lacunae of osteopetrotic bones from susceptible and G-B1 chickens. In contrast to the bone lesions from susceptible animals, budding virus particles were not detectable in lesions from G-B1 chickens. There was no difference in the amount of virus in osteopetrotic and non-osteopetrotic bone of susceptible chickens suggesting that virus replication alone is not sufficient for induction of osteopetrosis and that an additional specific virus-cell interaction is required. The relative resistance of strain G-B1 may therefore, be a consequence of a reduced frequency of this interaction. Its basis may be the lower amount of integrated, as well as unintegrated, viral DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316726
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicken strain G-B 1 exhibits a relative resistance to avian osteopetrosis (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 91 (1986), S. 21-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disease induced by the avian myeloblastosis associated virus MAV-2-O in the susceptible chicken strains Brown Leghorn (BLH) and Prague CB (CB) was compared with that induced in the resistant G-B 1 strain. Osteopetrosis, stunting and lymphoid organ atrophy were more severe in BLH than in CB chickens. G-B 1 animals remained superficially normal until the end of the experiment. In contrast to the other two strains, the histopathological changes were very mild and there was no sign of immunosuppression. After 4 months, however, nephroblastomas could be detected in more than 50 per cent of the infected G-B 1 chickens. Similar tumors were also found in CB birds kept for up to 5 months. Antibodies against MAV-2-O specific viral proteins were detected in plasma from infected G-B 1 chickens but the titers were less than in plasma of convalescent birds. Virus could be demonstrated in peripheral blood until the end of the experiment (at 8 weeks). Therefore the resistance of the G-B 1 strain is due neither to a restriction at the receptor level nor the result of a humoral immune reaction, but represents a new type of relative resistance at the cellular level. From (CC × G-B 1)F1 and (CC × G-B 1)F2 crosses the resistant phenotype is determined by a single genetic factor. This gene is not linked to the major histocompatibility complex. There is also a sex-dependent factor, possibly hormonal, involved in the resistant phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316725
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of microtubule inhibitors on protein synthesis inPlasmodium falciparum (1993)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 79 (1993), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At low concentrations, both isomers of tubulozole (C, T) inhibitPlasmodium falciparum but only tubulozole C inhibits mammalian cells. Since tubulozole C prevents polymerization of mammalian tubulin whereas tubulozole T does not, the antimalarial action of tubulozoles may not involve microtubules. The present study concerns the inhibition of parasite protein synthesis by the tubulozoles. While tubulozoles took 3–4 h to kill parasites in erythrocytic culture, they inhibited protein synthesis within 10 min. The concentrations of the drug required were, however, too high for this to account for their antimalarial action. The microtubule inhibitor colcemid inhibited protein synthesis rapidly and at relevant concentrations, but vinblastine did not inhibit protein synthesis. Tubulozole T and colcemid inhibited protein synthesis posttranscriptionally since they had little effect on RNA synthesis. Analysis of labelled parasite proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that while it inhibited synthesis of most proteins to the same degree, tubulozole T super-inhibited the synthesis of certain proteins. This may cause its antimalarial effect at low concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932261
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