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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete 5' Noncoding Region Is Necessary for the Efficient Internal Initiation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 199 (1994), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1246
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New variant groups identified from HGV isolates (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 1021-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  We have determined the primary sequence of the 5′ noncoding region (5′ NCR) and putative helicase regions (NS-3) of hepatitis G virus (HGV) and GB virus C (GBV-C) that were isolated in Japan from suspected cases of nonA-nonB and/or nonA-nonB-nonC viral hepatitis by using RT-PCR, and we compared the newly isolated sequences with three established isolates. The addition of a "G" residue was found at the 5′ terminus of all 8 Japanese isolates. These isolates were more clearly distinguished from the prototype viruses by comparison with the 5′ NCR sequence than by comparison with the NS-3 region. Our results suggested that at least three distinct genomic variants of HGV exist. Genotyping of HGV by using RT-PCR based on the sequence of the 5′ NCR seems highly feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050137
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Full-length GBV-C/HGV genomes from nine Japanese isolates: characterization by comparative analyses (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1063-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The genomes of nine GBV-C/HGV isolates from Japanese chronic hepatitis patients were fully sequenced and characterized. They shared 85% nucleotide sequence homology with previously characterized isolates from the US and West Africa. Homology studies and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Japanese isolates formed a third group distinct from the established groups 1 and 2. The genetic distances between the three groups of GBV-C/HGV were very similar to the distances between the two classical swine fever virus (CSFV) serotypes, which suggested that they might belong to a separate GBV-C/HGV serotype. Plot similarity analysis comparing the three groups exposed relatively conserved terminal non-coding regions. Hairpin structures predicted in the Japanese isolates are probably involved in viral replication. The region coding E1-E2-NS-2 showed the least similarity (80%); in HCV the similarity here is only 50% due to its hypervariablity. NS-3 and NS-5b that respectivity encode the helicase/protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, had a high degree of amino acid homo- logy, suggesting a high degree of functional constraint in this region. The NS-5b nucleotide sequence was highly conserved perhaps because of constraints from RNA secondary structure and/or an open reading frame in the negative strand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050356
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threshold Current Density of Electromigration Damage in Angled Polycrystalline Line (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 2958-2961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As silicon ICs continue to scale down, several reliability issues have emerged.Electromigration- the transportation of metallic atoms by the electron wind- has been recognized asone of the key damage mechanisms in metallic interconnects. It is known that there is a thresholdcurrent density of electromigration damage in via-connected lines. The evaluation of the thresholdcurrent density is a matter of the great interest from the viewpoint of IC reliability. In this study, Alpolycrystalline lines with two-dimensional shape, i.e. angled lines are experimentally treated for theevaluation. Comparing the experimental result with that of straight-shaped line, the effect ofline-shape on the threshold current density of electromigration damage is discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.2958.pdf
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