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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy has been proven effective in selected T-cell mediated diseases.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in patients with steroid-dependent Crohn’s disease by an open, monocentric trial in three phases of 24 weeks each.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In phase 1 standardized steroid tapering was initiated in patients with a history of steroid-dependent Crohn’s disease. Those with a prospectively evaluated maintenance dose of at least 10 mg/day prednisolone continued steroid-withdrawal under the application of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in phase 2. The duration of remission or response was followed during phase 3. Colonic tissue bioptically obtained before and after extracorporeal photochemotherapy was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of photoadduct positive cells.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Out of 24 patients included in phase 1, 10 entered phase 2 for extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Four subjects achieved remission and four others response. Significant reductions in serum C-reactive protein levels and intestinal permeability were measured, as well as increases in quality of life and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. No major side-effects were observed. Remission remained stable in three out of four patients during phase 3. In three patients, positive nuclear stainings of photoadducts were detected in colonic mononuclear cells after extracorporeal photochemotherapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Extracorporeal photochemotherapy represents a safe steroid-sparing approach in patients with Crohn’s disease and is associated with intestinal homing of photopheresed cells.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : A pegylated interferon-alpha-induced decrease in platelet counts may become a limiting factor for continuation of therapy.Aim : To evaluate the effect of pegylated interferon-α administration on platelet plug formation and von Willebrand factor antigen release in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods : Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1; fibrosis 1–3: n = 16, cirrhosis: n = 14) received a single dose of 9 MU interferon-α2a, followed by weekly administration of 180 μg of pegylated interferon-α2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. Platelet counts, platelet function (collagen–epinephrine-induced closure time) and von Willebrand factor antigen were measured.Results : Platelet counts and collagen–epinephrine-induced closure time decreased by 13% and 16%, respectively, 24 h after the first dose of interferon-α2a, and von Willebrand factor antigen levels increased by 31% (P 〈 0.01) compared with baseline. During a 48-week observation period, platelet counts decreased by a maximum of 33% (P 〈 0.001), von Willebrand factor antigen levels increased by 69% (P 〈 0.001) whereas collagen–epinephrine-induced closure time did not change. In noncirrhotic patients, the increase of von Willebrand factor antigen levels was maintained throughout therapy without a change in collagen–epinephrine-induced closure time. In contrast, in cirrhotics, von Willebrand factor antigen levels did not increase, while collagen–epinephrine-induced closure time was prolonged.Conclusion : Single-dose interferon-α decreases platelet counts but improves platelet function, possibly by the release of von Willebrand factor antigen. Accordingly, long-term antiviral treatment had no effect on collagen–epinephrine-induced closure time, despite the decrease in platelet count in noncirrhotic patients. Such a compensation of decreased platelet counts by increased von Willebrand factor antigen level did not occur in cirrhotics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Ultrasructure Research 85 (1983), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lipids ; Intestinal mucosa ; Diabetes mellitus ; Biochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Lipide ; Dünndarmschleimhaut ; Diabetes mellitus ; Biochemie ; Ultrastruktur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hyperlipidämien sind ein häufiger Befund bei Diabetes mellitus. Da neben der Leber auch die Dünndarmmukosa endogene Lipoproteine synthetisiert, war es von Interesse, bei 11 Erwachsenen mit juvenilem Diabetes und bei 7 Patienten mit Altersdiabetes den Lipidgehalt der Dünndarmmukosa zu bestimmen. Als Kontrolle dienten 11 nicht diabetische Patienten. Nach einer Nüchternperiode von 12–14 h erfolgte zunächst eine Blutabnahme zur Bestimmung von Nüchternblutzucker, Serumlipiden und glykosyliertem Hämoglobin AI, daraufhin wurden mittels einer hydraulischen Biopsiesonde oder endoskopisch mehrere Dünndarmbiopsien entnommen und zur biochemischen, histochemischen und elektronenoptischen Auswertung entsprechend aufgearbeitet. Biochemisch unterschieden sich die Patienten mit juvenilem und mit Altersdiabetes weder hinsichtlich der Serumlipidwerte noch der intestinalen Lipidkonzentrationen von den Kontrollpersonen. Auffallend war allerdings, daß Patienten mit Altersdiabetes eine signifikant höhere intestinale Triglyzeridkonzentration aufwiesen, als Patienten mit juvenilem Diabetes (p〈0,005). Nüchternblutzucker und Hämoglobin AI waren bei beiden Patientengruppen mäßig erhöht. Histochemisch waren sowohl bei den Patienten als auch bei den Kontrollpersonen Lipidpartikel in der Mukosa nachweisbar, allerdings mit großen individuellen Unterschieden. Elektronenoptisch unterschieden sich die Patienten mit Altersdiabetes nicht von den Kontrollen. Nur einer der Patienten mit juvenilem Diabetes zeigte gehäufte Lipidpartikel in den Zisternen des Golgi-Apparates. Somit konnte weder biochemisch, histochemisch, noch elektronenoptisch eine abnorme Lipidakkumulation in der Dünndarmschleimhaut von Patienten mit gut kontrolliertem Diabetes mellitus festgestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary Hyperlipemia is a frequent finding in diabetes mellitus. As not only the liver, but intestinal mucosa as well synthesizes endogenous lipoproteins, we have investigated the small intestinal mucosal lipid content in 11 adult patients with juvenile onset diabetes and in 7 patients with maturity onset diabetes. Eleven non-diabetic patients served as controls. After a fasting period of 12–14 h blood was drawn for determination of glucose, lipids and glycosylated hemoglobin AI. Then several small bowel biopsies were performed by an hydraulic multiple biopsy tube or endoscopically and the specimens were processed immediately for further biochemical, histochemical and electronmicroscopical workup. Patients with juvenile and with maturity onset diabetes did not differ from controls with regard to serum lipids and to intestinal mucosal lipids determined biochemically. Surprisingly, patients with maturity onset diabetes exhibited a significantly (p〈0,005) higher concentration of intestinal mucosal triglycerides than patients with juvenile onset diabetes. Fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin AI levels were slightly elevated in both groups of diabetic patients. Histochemically lipid particles were demonstrable in intestinal mucosa of diabetics and of controls with equal variability. The electronmicroscopical appearance of intestinal mucosa did not differ between diabetic patients and controls. Only in one patient with juvenile onset diabetes an accumulation of lipid particles within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus was observed. In conclusion, neither biochemically, nor histochemically, nor electronmicroscopically an abnormal accumulation of lipids could be found in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with well controlled diabetes mellitus.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; Flow cytometry ; Carcinomas ; Surface antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma (GIC), 13 patients with primary carcinoma in other localizations(non-GIC), and from 57 apparently healthy donors were isolated by Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation. The separated cells were stained with several monoclonal antibodies and subjected to analysis on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. A decreased percentage of PBMC expressing T cell antigens was noted amongst GIC patients, and was mainly due to a reduction of the Leu 2a subset, thus, leading to an increase in the Leu3a/Leu2a ratio from 1.4 to 2.1. Non-GIC patients had decreased numbers of both T helper and suppressor cells. Amongst PBMC from GIC and non-GIC patients a statistically increased percentage of cells expressed LeuM2 (P〈0.001), LeuM3 (P〈0.001), OKM 1 (P〈0.005), VEP 9 (P〈0.001), and HLA-DR (P〈0.001) antigens compared to healthy controls. The percentage of cells bearing these monocyte/macrophage antigens correlated well with the number of cells having monocyte morphology, stained for non-specific esterase, phagocytosed latex particles, and expressed Fc IgG receptor. Our results demonstrate clearly that tumor-bearing patients have an incrased relative number of monocytes. The data suggest that cells of the macrophage lineage may be involved in defense mechanisms and changes of the immune system evoked by various tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei insgesamt 120 Patienten wurden im Rahmen routinemäßiger gastroduodenoskopischer Untersuchungen Schleimhautbiopsien zur Kultivierung vonCampylobacter pyloridis entnommen. Bei sechs von sieben Patienten mit Ulcus ventriculi, 14 von 15 mit Ulcus duodeni, 15 von 20 mit Erosionen der Magenschleimhaut, 31 von 61 mit Gastritis und fünf von fünf mit Duodenitis konnteC. pyloridis isoliert werden. Hingegen war der Keimnachweis bei allen 12 Patienten mit histologisch unauffälliger Mukosa nicht möglich. Bei chronisch aktiver Gastritis ließ sichC. pyloridis signifikant häufiger als bei chronisch inaktiver Gastritis nachweisen (100 bzw. 50%). Diese Ergebnisse stützen die Hypothese vonMarshall undWarren, die besagt, daßC. pyloridis möglicherweise eine wichtige Rolle in der Entstehung von Gastritis und Ulcus pepticum zukommt.
    Notes: Summary During routine gastroduodenoscopic examination of 120 patients, biopsies of gastric mucosa were taken for the isolation ofCampylobacter pyloridis. The organism was isolated from six of seven patients with ulcus ventriculi, 14 of 15 with ulcus duodeni, 15 of 20 with erosions of the gastric mucosa, 31 of 61 with gastritis and five of five with duodenitis. In contrast, the cultures were negative in all of the 12 patients with histologically normal mucosa.C. pyloridis was isolated significantly more frequently from patients with active chronic gastritis than from those with inactive chronic gastritis (100% vs. 50%). These results support the suggestion ofMarshall andWarren that this bacterium may play an important role in the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 335 (1974), S. 339-349 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Portacaval Shunt ; Arterialization of the Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die pathophysiologischen Veränderungen des portocavalen Shunt und der Einfluß der Arterialisation der Leber auf diese Mechanismen wurden an Hunden untersucht. Ein portocavaler End-zu-Seit-Shunt wurde bei allen Tieren durchgeführt. In einer Gruppe wurde durch Interposition der V. jugularis externa zwischen dem Stumpf der Pfortader und der Aorta abdominalis eine druck- und durchflußkontrollierte Arterialisation der Leber angeschlossen. Die Tiere wurden 10 Wochen beobachtet. Der portocavale Shunt führte zu einer Reduktion des Leberblutflusses von 38,5 ± 13,3 auf 10,5 ± 1,7 ml/kg/min (P 〈 0,001) zur Atrophie der Leber, zur Einschränkung der Indocyaningrün-Clearance von 101 ± 022 auf 053 ± 014 (P 〈 0,001) und zum Anstieg der Konzentration von Ammoniak von 48 ± 13 auf 155 +- 36 (P 〈 0,001) und Gallensäuren von 3 ± 2 auf 239 ± 93 (P 〈 0,001) im peripheren Blut. Durch Arterialisation konnten diese pathologischen Veränderungen weitgehend vermieden werden. Die beiden wichtigsten Komplikationen der Arterialisation waren Thrombose des Interponates und Anstieg des intrahepatalen Druckes. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß durch den portocavalen Shunt pathophysiologische Veränderungen entstehen, welche die bekannten Komplikationen Leberinsuffizienz und Encephalopathie beim Cirrhosepatienten verursachen können. Der günstige Effekt der Arterialisation auf diese Veränderungen stimuliert die Anwendung dieser Methode zur Behandlung der portalen Hypertension von Patienten mit Lebercirrhose.
    Notes: Summary The effects of portacaval shunt with and without arterialization of the hepatic portal vein were studied in dogs. An end-to-side portacaval shunt was performed in all animals, and in one group this was followed by the interposition of an external jugular vein graft between the hepatic stump of the portal vein and the abdominal aorta. The dogs were observed over a period of 10 weeks. Portocaval shunt alone caused a decrease in liver blood flow from 38.5 ± 13.3 to 10.5 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min (P 〈 0.001), hepatic atrophy, impaired indocyanin green clearance from 101 ± 022 to 053 ± 014 (P 〈 0.001) and increased concentrations of ammonia from 48 ± 13 to 155 ± 36 (P 〈 0.001) and bile acids from 3 ± 2 to 239 ± 93 (P 〈 0.001) in the peripheral blood. These effects were prevented by arterilization of the liver. Thrombosis of the arterial graft and increase in intrahepatic blood pressure were the two major complications of arterialization which were observed. These findings indicate that depriving the liver of portal blood causes pathophysiological changes which may be responsible for the well known complications of liver failure and encephalopathy observed following portocaval anastomosis in cirrhotic patients. The fact that arterialization of the portal vein minimizes these changes encourages the application of this procedure in the treatment of portal hypertension in man.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 336 (1974), S. 67-89 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Arterialization of the Liver Portocaval Shunt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die druck- und durchflußkontrollierte Arterialisation der Leber mit portocavalem End-zu-Seit-Shunt wurde bisher bei 17 Patienten durchgeführt, zweimal als „äakuter” und 15mal als „äselektiver” Shunt. Drei Patienten waren der Risikogruppe C nach Child zuzuordnen, 10 der Gruppe B und nur 4 der Gruppe A. 1. Vier Patienten sind postoperativ verstorben, 13 Patienten haben überlebt. 2. Bei 2 Patienten war es unmittelbar postoperativ zur Thrombose der Arterialisation gekommen bei durchgängigem portocavalem Shunt, bei weiteren 3 wurde ein hepatofugaler Blutfluß aufgedeckt, der die Ligatur der Arterialisation erforderlich machte. 3. Die Leberfunktionsprüfung zeigte gegenüber dem Spontanverlauf der Cirrhose keinen signifikanten Unterschied. 4. Die postoperative Hämodynamik ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Zunahme des intrasinusoidalen Widerstandes, eine allmëhliche Abnahme der Leberdurchblutung und einen unverënderten Lebervenenversehlußdruck. 5. Auch ohne diätetische Restriktion entwickelte keiner der Patienten bisher eine Shuntencephalopathie.
    Notes: Summary Controlled arterialization of the liver after a portocaval end-to-aide shunt has been performed on 17 patients, in two cases as an “acute” and in 15 cases as an “elective” shunt. 3 patients belonged to risk group C, 10 to group B, and only 4 to group A (according toChild). 1. 4 patients died postoperatively, 13 survived. 2. In 2 patients a thrombosis of the arterialization occured immediately after the operation with the portocaval shunt patent, in 3 other patients hepatofugal collaterals were detected which necessitated a ligature of the arterialization. 3. The liver function-test did not significantly differ from the spontaneous development of cirrhosis. 4. Postoperative haemodynamics are characterized by an increase in intrasinusoidal resistance and a gradual decrease in blood supply to the liver, while the hepatic occluded portal pressure remains constant. 5. Even without dietetic restriction none of the patients has so far developed a shunt-encephalopathy.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 1094-1099 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: metabolic bone disease ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D ; Crohn's disease ; bone mineral density ; cortical area ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in patients with Crohn's disease and may be associated with an increased risk of development of metabolic bone disease. To estimate the incidence of metabolic bone disease by noninvasive methods, 31 patients (17–75 years old) with Crohn's disease and low 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels in winter were investigated in the following summer by measuring the bone mineral content (BMC) of the distal radius by single photon absorptiometry and the cortical area ratio (CAR) calculated from radiographs of the right hand and by x-ray of the lumbar spine. Forty-five percent of the patients showed signs of metabolic bone disease. BMC and CAR correlated with 25-OHD serum levels (P〈0.05), especially in men. Furthermore, the amount of sun exposure has an influence not only on 25-OHD serum levels both in summer and in winter (P=0.0006), but also on the BMC (P=0.07). Consequently, vitamin D deficiency is of major importance for the development of metabolic bone disease in patients with Crohn's disease. Vitamin D deficiency can be prevented by increasing sun exposure and long-term vitamin D supplementation.
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