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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1094 (1991), S. 339-345 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: Estrogen ; Fatty acid ; Lignan ; Phytoestrogen ; α-Fetoprotein
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 5 (1981), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Keywords: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol ; Homovanillic acid ; autistic children ; infants
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 425 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Autistic Disorder ; Pervasive Developmental Disorders ; Cluster Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le domaine des troubles du développement, l'utilisation d'un grand nombre d'investigations conduit à confronter les données cliniques et biologiques, dans l'objectif d'une analyse physiopathologique. Pour cela, il nous est apparu nécessaire de développer un système quantifié de répartition des sujets, basé sur les évaluations développementales, qui permette une meilleure harmonisation entre les évaluations cliniques et les données chiffrées des examens biologiques. A partir des données sémiologiques quantifiées, 202 sujets présentant des troubles du développement (trouble autistique, trouble envahissant du développement non spécifié, retard mental) ont été examinés. Pour chaque enfant, une quantification du comportement autistique, de la déficience intellectuelle, des signes neurologiques et des troubles de la communication et du langage a été réalisée. Une analyse classifiante de ces données quantifiées a mis en évidence quatre sous-groupes en fonction des scores obtenus dans ces quatre domaines différents. Nous avons montré l'intérêt de cette démarche en l'appliquant à l'une des études de monoamines habituellement explorées dans l'autisme de l'enfant: la Dopamine et l'HVA, son principal dérivé urinaire. Bien plus, cette méthode a fait apparaître au sein de cette population de 202 enfants un sous-groupe indépendant des classes nosographiques, ayant un profil clinique et biochimique particulier. D'autres applications pourraient en découler, par exemple dans le domaine de la neurophysiologie, de l'imagerie cérébrale, de la biologie moléculaire et de la génétique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine große Zahl von Untersuchungstechniken wird zur Herstellung von Beziehungen zwischen klinischen und biologischen Daten herangezogen, die notwendig sind zur physiopathologischen Analyse im Umfeld von Entwicklungsstörungen. Die Entwicklung eines quantitativen Einteilungssystems, basierend auf der Erhebung von Entwicklungsdaten, schien deshalb erforderlich, um eine bessere Zuordnung zwischen klinischen Erhebungen und biologisch-numerischen Daten zu erzielen. 202 Probanden mit Entwicklungsstörungen (autistische Störungen, nicht anderweitig spezifizierte tiefgreifende Entwicklungsstörung und geistige Behinderung) wurden untersucht. Für jedes Kind wurde das Ausmaß des autistischen Verhaltens, der intellektuellen Beeinträchtigung, der neurologischen Auffälligkeiten sowie von sprachlichen und Kommunikationsstörungen bestimmt. Eine Cluster-Analyse dieser quantifizierten Daten ergab vier Untergruppen gemäß den Scores, die in diesen vier Bereichen erzielt wurden. Wir zeigten den Wert dieser Vorgehensweise auf, indem wir den Ansatz bei einer der Studien zur routinemäßigen Untersuchung von Monaminen bei Autismus im Kindesalter untersuchten, nämlich von Dopamin und HVA, seinem HauptUrinmetaboliten. Außerdem ließ sich mit dieser Methode eine Untergruppe ermitteln, die unabhängig von der nosographischen Klassifikation war und die ein besonderes klinisches und biochemisches Profil aufwies. Andere Anwendungen könnten folgen, z.B. in den Bereichen von Neurophysiologie, bildgebenden Verfahren, Molekularbiologie und Genetik.
    Notes: Abstract A large number of investigation techniques are used to establish the relationships between the clinical and biological data which are necessary for physiopathological analysis in the field of developmental disorders. It therefore seemed necessary to develop a quantified grouping system, based on developmental assessments, which could allow closer matching between clinical evaluations and biological numerical data. Two hundred and two subjects presenting developmental disorders (autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and mental retardation) were examined. For each child, a quantification of autistic behaviour, intellectual impairment, neurological signs and language and communication disorders was performed. A cluster analysis of these quantified data elicited four subgroups according to the scores obtained in these four different areas. We showed the value of this approach by applying it to one of the studies of monoamines routinely examined in childhood autism — dopamine and HVA, its main urinary derivative. Moreover, this method revealed a subgroup within the total population which was independent of nosographic classification and which had a particular clinical and biochemical profile. Other applications could follow, for example in the fields of neurophysiology, cerebral imaging, molecular biology and genetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 14 (1984), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Conclusions The findings show that autistic syndromes with and without associated neurological deficits are remarkably similar in terms of severity and type of autistic symptoms, IQ, and sex distribution. Children with an associated neurological disorder tended to have had autistic features from birth, but this may have been an artifact resulting from the closer clinical observation that many would have received because of their medical problems. Findings from related studies have also shown that autistic syndromes with and without neurological deficits do not differ with respect to urinary homovanillic acid levels (Garreau et al., 1980), dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid levels (Landgrebe & Landgrebe, 1976), auditory evoked potentials (Martineau, Garreau, Barthelemy, Callaway, & LeLord, 1981) or response to vitamin B6 administration (LeLord et al., 1981; Martineau et al., 1981).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 27 (1997), S. 139-153 
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation scale (BSE), previously published and validated, was developed for the evaluation of the autistic behavior in developmentally disordered children. A revised version of this scale, the Revised Behavior Summarized Evaluation Scale (BSE-R) completed the 20-item BSE scale with the most relevant items extracted from a similar evaluation carried out with very young children. Thus 9 items were added to the original scale concerning nonverbal communication, emotional, and perception areas. This paper reports the reliability and validity studies of this new scale. In addition to confirming the previously published findings concerning the first version of the BSE, new items were extracted from the BSE-R content validity study. They involve fundamental functions such as intention and imitation which open new perspectives for a physiopathological approach to developmental disorders. The BSE-R is a useful tool for progressive recording of the evolution of patients both treated over long periods and included in short-term controlled therapeutic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Urinary catecholamines (DA, NE, E) and their main metabolites (HVA, DOPAC, MHPG) were analyzed both as free and conjugates in eight children diagnosed as autistic according to DSM-III criteria and eight normal children. Significant differences appeared for the urinary excretion of both DA and NE and their respective metabolites: Autistic children showed low DA, high HVA, high NE, low MHPG urinary levels. These results are consistent with previous findings on altered catecholamine metabolism in autistic children. They suggest that autistic behaviour might be related to an abnormal functional imbalance among monoamines either at a molecular level or at a system level. Furthermore, they emphasize the special interest of urinary assays in pediatric research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 17 (1987), S. 525-539 
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Auditory evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from 16 autistic children (ages 2–10 years) and age-matched normal and retarded controls. In order to test the ability to form auditory-visual cross-modal associations, often impaired in autism, the effects on AERs of coupling sound and light were studied with a paradigm that did not require the cooperation of the subject. Several differences between groups were found concerning the frequency and the amplitudes of present AERs. The pattern characterizing the effects on AERs of coupling sound and light (conditioning phenomenon) was observed for both autistic and normal controls, and not for retarded children. Results suggest that autistic children may have a real but slow learning ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE), is a 20-item paper- and-pencil rating scale specifically designed for the measurement of behavioral parameters which could be related to biological data in autistic children involved in educational programs, neurophysiological studies, and therapeutic trials. The development of the scale, the validity, and reliability studies are presented in this paper. The results suggest that the BSE is an acceptable tool for the assessment of autistic behaviors, easy to handle, and accessible to both professionals and paraprofessionals of the medico-educative staff. It is a useful addition to the bioclinical researcher's evaluation battery for bioclinical and therapeutic studies. However, more work is suggested to further investigate the psychometric properties of this behavior assessment instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of autism and developmental disorders 11 (1981), S. 219-230 
    ISSN: 1573-3432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In an open trial, a heterogeneous group of 44 children with autistic symptoms were treated with large doses of vitamin B6 and magnesium. Clinical improvement with worsening on termination of the trial was observed in 15 children. Thirteen responders and 8 nonresponders were retested in a 2-week, crossover, double-blind trial, and the responses to the open trial were confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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