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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast liquid chromatographic determination of organic acids in fermentation media with short glass columns
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 213 (1988), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003-2670(00)81357-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation degradation of cellulose
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Radiation Physics and Chemistry 25 (1985), S. 887-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0146-5724
    Keywords: Animal feeds ; biological radiation effects ; cellulose ; degradation ; digestibility ; electrons ; gamma radiation ; hydrolysate ; sheep ; straw
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0146-5724(85)90170-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A strategy for chromatographic and structural analysis of monosaccharide species from glycoproteins (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 356 (1996), S. 488-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A general strategy for the chromatographic and structural analysis of the monosaccharide species fucose (Fuc), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) present in glycoproteins is described. Qualitative and quantitative aspects for the separation of these glycoprotein monosaccharides (monosaccharide species) using ligand-exchange chromatography (LEC) and high pH anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) in combination with pulsed-amperometric detection (PAD), refractive index (RI) and ultraviolet (UV) monitoring are discussed in detail. The conditions for the acidic hydrolysis of glycoproteins and for the liquid chromatographic analyses of glycoprotein monosaccharides using HPAEC and LEC technique were optimised. Furthermore, the characterisation of glycoproteins according to their purity and molecular mass connected with a comparison to biomolecules that are not glycosylated or whose extent of glycosylation is low was carried out by means of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The identification of glycoprotein monosaccharides using an on-line coupling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed by means of their characteristic “quasi molecule ions” such as (M + NH4)+ and (2M + NH4)+. The different chromatographic and structural methods used in combination with each other were applied to characterise and determine the monosaccharide species of fetuin and a membrane glycoprotein fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663560488
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). I. Separations of carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids (1988)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 8 (1988), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Suitable and optimized chromatographic separation systems for HPLC analyses of mono-, di- and oligomeric carbohydrates, organic acids (e.g. gluconic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid), phospholipids (PE, LPE, LPC, PC, SPH) and neutral lipids (squalene, cholesterol) are demonstrated.Applications of HPLC technique are separation examples of sugars from hydrolyzed starches which were isolated from potatos, calculations of organic acids in fermentation mediums and determinations of neutral lipids and phospholipids which were isolated from microbial biomass.The liquid chromatographic separations are based on self-packed highly efficient (approximately 80 000 theoretical plates per meter, N/m) glass columns.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370080216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). III. Quantitative analysis of organic acids in the α-ketoglutaric acid synthesis (1988)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 8 (1988), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A HPLC technique for the analysis of organic acids in the production of α-ketoglutaric acid was developed. The method was applied and optimized for the quantitative determination of citric acid, pyruvic acid, isocitric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid in fermentation solutions.As microorganism the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and as substrates glucose or paraffins were used.The chromatographic separations were carried out by means of 50 and 100 × 8 mm i.d. glass columns packed with an anion-exchange resin based on an 8% cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer.The relative errors ranged from 2.1% (α-ketoglutaric acid) to 5.2% (isocitric acid). The percent recovery values varied between 94.4% (isocitric acid) and 107.7% (pyruvic acid).The contents of organic acids in fermentation solutions after the microbial synthesis based on paraffins or glucose were compared.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370080511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (H P L C). VII. Determination of organic compounds in sulphite liquor (1991)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 11 (1991), S. 511-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Carbohydrates, acetic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were analyzed in sulphite liquor using HPLC with refractive index detection.Pentoses (xylose, arabinose) and hexoses (glucose, galactose, mannose) were separated on an Aminex HPX-87P column as wel as by means of a self-made glass cartridge packed with a piperazine impregnated silica gel. Before injecting into the HPLC apparatus the sulphite liquors were purified using a presep column packed with a cation-exchange resin. The sugar quantification between the two different separation systems was satisfactory.Using an Aminex HPX-87P column and an UV monitor set at 283 nm connected in parallel with the RI detector also furfural and HMF could be analyzed in sulphite liquor.Furthermore, an Aminex HPX-87H column and an UV detector set at 210 nm were most suitable to quantify ethanol.These modified and optimized liquid chromatographic separation systems are the basis for further investigations of the utilization of hexoses as well as pentoses in sulphite liquors by means of suitable microorganisms.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370110520
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). II. Analyses of potato starch hydrolysis products (1988)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 8 (1988), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Potato starch hydrolysis products were analyzed for glucose, maltose, higher oligomeric carbohydrates (to a degree of polymerization, dp 11) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using high-performance liquid chromatography.For quick qualitative and quantitative analyses short glass columns [12] of high efficiency were useful.The hydrolyses were carried out by means of enzymes (e.g. α- and β-amylase) or mineral acids. For the acid degradation procedures hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid of different concentrations (0.1…2.0 N) during times ranging from 5 to 60 min at temperatures ranging from 100 to 140°C were used.Maximum glucose contents (163.4 g/l and 169.3 g/l) were found after 40 to 50 min of hydrolysis in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid heated to 120°C. These values are equivalent to 78.9% or 81.7% glucose yield referred to the initial potato starch amount, respectively. The calculated HMF concentrations were 140 and 180 mg/l.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370080417
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC analysis of carbohydrates on POLYSPHERCH®OH columns using pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) with sodium hydroxide as post column detection reagent (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 356 (1996), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Carbohydrates have been separated on POLYSPHER®CH OH columns using pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) and UV detection (λ =196 nm) in series and pure water as mobile phase. Nearly baseline separations have been obtained for the glycoprotein carbohydrates of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). As carbohydrates dissolved and eluted with pure water are present in the neutral form they are not detectable with PAD in contrast to carbohydrate anions formed at high pH values. Therefore an additional NaOH post column reagent has been continuously pumped through a mixing chamber into the mobile phase to form carbohydrate anions resulting in improved detection limits. Monosaccharides as well as glycoprotein carbohydrates could be detected in the μg/ml-range. This method has been applied successfully to the analysis of sugars in fruit juice. With only 2 μl of juice per 50 ml water, the determination of the main constituents, sucrose, glucose and fructose, was possible in a few minutes without sample preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663560339
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) V. Analysis of organic acids in the 2-oxo-D-gluconic acid synthesis (1989)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 9 (1989), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A HPLC method for the separation of 2-oxo-D-gluconic acid and 5-oxo-D-gluconic acid was developed and applied to the investigation of the microbial glucose conversion to oxogluconic acids.Using a strongly basic anion-exchange resin TEAP-Si 100 Polyol as stationary phase and HCOOH as mobile phase, the oxogluconicacids could be separated. The method was used to investigate the kinetics of product formation during the microbial oxogluconic acid synthesis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370090526
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biotechnological processes and products using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) VI. Determination of lactic acid and short-chain carboxylic acids C1-C5 (1990)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 10 (1990), S. 459-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lactic acid and short-chain carboxylic acids C1-C5 were analyzed on an Aminex HPX-87H column using UV and RI detection. The HPLC method was applied to complex fermentation media of a microbial lactic acid formation process. The resulting chromatograms of the yeast extract or culture medium showed some UV-absorbing substances that interfered partially with peaks of short-chain carboxylic acids.In contrast to UV monitoring, RI detection gave only a few small peaks of these so-called “background chromatograms”. Also glucose used as substrate could be quantified in the culture medium, because of which RI detection should be preferred.Furthermore, a self-prepared cation-exchange resin (SAC = S-DVB) based on a poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) partially comparable in its properties with Aminex resins was useful for fast (about 4 minutes) and not too expensive determinations of lactic and acetic acid in fermentation media.Applying this separattion system to fermentation solutions detected by RI as well as UV monitoring results in the quantitative analysis of lactic acid kinetics identical with an Aminex HPX-87H column were achieved.Finally, the simplicity of lactic-acid analysis is illustrated by examples of dairy products only centrifugated and diluted in double distilled water before injecting on a cation-exchange column.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370100516
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