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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rifaximin systemic absorption in patients with ulcerative colitis (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 91-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Ulcerative colitis ; Rifaximin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050426
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of distal colitis (1999)
    Springer
    Techniques in coloproctology 3 (1999), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1128-045X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101510050039
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral beclometasone dipropionate in the treatment of extensive and left-sided active ulcerative colitis: a multicentre randomised study (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim:  To explore the efficacy and safety of the topically acting steroid beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) in an oral controlled release formulation in the treatment of extensive or left-sided ulcerative colitis.Methods:  In a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, single-blind study, patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis were randomised to a 4-week treatment with BDP 5 mg/day o.d. vs. 5-ASA 0.8 g t.d.s. The primary efficacy variable was the decrease of Disease Activity Index (DAI) (clinical symptoms and endoscopic appearance of mucosa). Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events, vital signs, haematochemical parameters and adrenal function.Results:  One hundred and seventy-seven patients were enrolled and randomly treated with BDP (n = 90) or 5-ASA (n = 87). Mean DAI score decreased in both treatments groups (P 〈 0.0001 vs. baseline for both groups). Clinical remission was achieved in 63.0% of patients in the BDP group vs. 62.5% in the 5-ASA group. A significant DAI score improvement (P 〈 0.05) in favour of BDP was observed in patients with extensive disease. Both treatments were well tolerated. Mean plasma cortisol levels were significantly reduced vs. baseline in BDP recipients, but without signs of pituitary–adrenal function depletion.Conclusion:  Oral BDP gave an overall treatment result in patients with active ulcerative colitis without signs of systemic side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01609.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring activity in ulcerative colitis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The monitoring of patients with ulcerative colitis is easier than in patients with Crohn's disease for several reasons: the severity of symptoms and activity of inflammation tend to run parallel in ulcerative colitis when involvement of the large bowel is more extensive. The easy accessibility of the colonic mucosa by endoscopic and histologic examination provides further information concerning the degree of inflammation. In severe attacks, the patient must be admitted to hospital and monitored carefully. Clinical and laboratory parameters (such as daily stools, CRP, fever, haemoglobin, albumin, etc.) and plain abdominal X-ray are useful in monitoring the activity of the disease and to predict the outcome. In mild to moderate attacks, endoscopic and histologic evaluation are the best methods for choosing the appropriate treatment and for assessing response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s4.1.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis and pouchitis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The meta-analyses of published trials have shown topical therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) to be the treatment of choice in active distal ulcerative colitis. Oral aminosalicylates are effective for both distal and extensive ulcerative colitis, but in distal colitis the rates of improvement and remission are usually lower than those reported for rectal 5-ASA therapy. An alternative to 5-ASA therapy is represented by the new steroids; budesonide and beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) enemas, the most extensively studied, have been shown to be as effective as conventional steroids but with a significantly lower inhibition of plasma cortisol. Patients who do not respond to 5-ASA or new steroids should be treated with oral steroids. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine may be effective in patients who do not respond or cannot be weaned off steroids. Treatment of pouchitis is largely empirical and few controlled studies have been carried-out. Antibiotics are the treatment of choice and most patients make a good response to metronidazole or ciprofloxacin. Chronic refractory pouchitis may benefit from a prolonged course of a combination of antibiotics. Highly concentrated probiotics (VSL#3) are effective both for the prevention of pouchitis onset and the prevention of relapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s4.3.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The management of refractory Crohn's disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Refractoriness to conventional therapy is a common and intriguing problem in Crohn's disease patients. At the present time there is no agreement on its definition and several mechanisms are involved in its determination. Immunosuppressors, such as azathioprine (AZA), 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and methotrexate (MTX) are effective drugs for controlling the inflammatory process and avoid chronic glucocorticosteroid treatment and its related related side-effects. Recently, the introduction of tumour necrosis factor antibodies (infliximab) has dramatically changed the natural history of Crohn's disease and its therapeutic approach. Several studies have determined the efficacy, mechanisms and safety of infliximab. However, this molecular approach has also left several questions unanswered about the mechanisms of refractoriness, possible concomitant treatments and long-term safety and efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s4.6.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of mesalazine suppositories in proctitis and distal proctosigmoiditis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mesalazine suppositories at 500 mg b.d. are a safe and effective treatment for patients with ulcerative proctitis or distal proctosigmoiditis. Recently a mesalazine 1 g suppository (Pentasa) has been developed.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Fifty patients with active ulcerative colitis extending not beyond 20 cm from the anus on sigmoidoscopy, participated in a randomized single-blind study comparing the efficacy, tolerance and acceptance of the new Pentasa mesalazine 1 g suppository, given once daily versus Claversal mesalazine 500 mg suppository b.d.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:After 2 weeks, clinical remission was observed in 16 of 25 (64%) in the Pentasa group and in 7 of 25 (28%) in the Claversal 500 mg b.d. treated group; sigmoidoscopic remission occurred in 13 of 25 (52%) in the Pentasa group and in six of 25 (24%) in the Claversal group (P 〈 0.01). After 4 weeks, clinical and sigmoidoscopic remission were observed, respectively, in 84 and 76% of patients treated with Pentasa suppositories, and in 80 and 72% of patients treated with Claversal suppositories 500 mg b.d. (P= N.S.). The patients' evaluation for tolerability and practicality showed that the Pentasa suppository was significantly superior to the Claversal suppository.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Pentasa 1 g suppository once daily induces a quicker clinical and sigmoidoscopic remission, and was better tolerated, than the Claversal 500 mg suppository b.d., and it may represent an advance for the topical treatment of distal proctosigmoiditis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00259.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term efficacy of bismuth carbomer enemas in patients with treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Mucosal inflammation of the ileal pouch (pouchitis) is the major long-term complication after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, however, 15% of patients with pouchitis have a chronic, treatment-resistant disease. Aim: To determine the safety and efficacy of bismuth carbomer enemas in achieving and maintaining remission in treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis. Methods: Twelve patients with treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis were treated nightly for 45 days with enemas containing elemental bismuth complexed with carbomer. Diagnosis of pouchitis and response to treatment were evaluated with the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI), which includes clinical, sigmoidoscopic and histological criteria. Serum bismuth concentrations were determined by atomic absorption. Results: Ten of 12 patients (83%) went into remission, with a significant decrease of mean total PDAI score from 12 (range 9–15) to 6 (4–15) (P 〈 0.002), and were continued on bismuth carbomer enemas administered every third night for 12 months. Patients were monitored clinically, sigmoidoscopically and histologically every 2 months for evidence of recurrence (increase ≥ 2 in the clinical symptom portion of the PDAI). Six of 10 patients (60%) were able to maintain remission throughout the 12-month trial; 4/10 had an exacerbation, two of which occurred soon after discontinuing daily treatment. Serum bismuth levels were negligible in all patients and no side-effects were registered. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bismuth carbomer enemas are safe and effective in achieving and maintaining remission in patients with treatment-resistant chronic pouchitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00217.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of single and multiple doses of a new oral formulation of 5-ASA in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy volunteers (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: An oral multiparticulate coated formulation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; mesalazine) has been developed to provide a controlled release of the drug, in a pH-dependent fashion, in the distal ileum and colon. The purpose of the present study was to assess the systemic availability of the drug and its metabolite, acetyl-5-ASA, following single (800 mg) and multiple (2400 mg for 56 days) oral dose administration.Methods: Three groups were investigated: six healthy volunteers, six patients with ulcerative colitis, and nine patients with Crohn's disease in remission. In the single oral dose study (800 mg) all three groups participated, whereas in the multiple oral dose study (2400 mg/day for 56 days) only the patients with inflammatory bowel disease took part. Plasma and urine 5-ASA and Ac-5-ASA were measured for 48 h.Results: In the single oral dose regimen, systemic absorption of 5-ASA and Ac-5-ASA were low and did not differ between the three groups. Only about 20% of the 5-ASA given was absorbed, with more than 80% of the drug being available in the terminal ileum and colon for therapeutic activity. The multiple oral dose regimen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease produced a significantly higher plasma concentration and urine excretion of both 5-ASA and Ac-5-ASA by the end of the treatment, in comparison to the first dose. There was a statistically higher systemic absorption of 5-ASA in patients with ulcerative colitis than in patients with Crohn's disease. After 56 days of dosing, no adverse event was reported and laboratory screening tests remained within normal ranges.Conclusions: The new oral 5-ASA formulation is gradually released throughout the small and large intestine, reflected by a low plasma concentration of the drug and its metabolite, with about 80% of the drug being available for ileum-colon therapeutic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00327.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid treatment in active Crohn's disease: a comparison between two regimens of different duration (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Steroids are highly effective in active Crohn's disease; clinical relapse following steroid withdrawal, however, is frequent. We used two steroid regimens of different duration in order to compare their efficacy in inducing and maintaining clinical remission. Methods: Seventy patients with active Crohn's disease were treated with methylprednisolone 40 mg/day i.m. for 3 weeks and then with two different regimens of tapering dosage: one for a further 4 weeks and another for a further 12 weeks.Results: Steroid therapy induced remission within 3 weeks in 91 % of the whole group of patients: at the end of each protocol remission rates were 85% of patients in the group treated for the shorter period and 87% of those treated for the longer period (difference 2%. CI = - 14 to 18, P = NS); remission rates within 6 months after stopping steroids were 53% and 37% respectively (difference 16%, CI = -9 to 41, P = NS). Conclusions: No significant differences were found between the two regimens. Multiple courses of steroid treatment in the previous 3 years and a short time interval following previous steroid treatment seem to be risk factors for relapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00316.x
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