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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Feedback from Peripheral Movements on Neuron Activity in the Aplysia Abdominal Ganglion (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have made reasonably comprehensive measurements of action potential activity in the Aplysia californica abdominal ganglion to determine the amount of feedback the central nervous system (CNS) receives from a movement which it initiates. Voltage-sensitive dye measurements of action potential activity of cells in the ganglion were made during the gill-withdrawal reflex elicited by siphon stimulation. We compared recordings in two situations which differed dramatically in the amount the gill moved. In the control sea water, the gill withdrawal was normal; in low-Ca2+, high-Mg2+ sea water, the gill movement was blocked. Both the timing and the number of spikes of the individual neurons were similar in the two situations. Histograms of the summed spike activity versus time and histograms of the number of active neurons versus time in the two conditions were also similar. Finally, two numerical measures of trial-to-trial differences, a paired t-test and a measure we named fractional similarity, did not indicate larger differences between two trials in the different sea waters than two trials in the same sea water. Feedback from sensory neurons activated by the gill movement itself does not make a large contribution to the spike activity in the abdominal ganglion. Apparently the Aplysia CNS issues the command for the withdrawal and does not make adjustments for the magnitude of the actual withdrawal. It may not even receive the information necessary for such adjustments to be made. A second motivation for these experiments was to test whether removing the feedback might simplify the neuronal activity that occurs during the gill-withdrawal reflex. This did not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01330.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different ionic conductances are modulated during the late receptor potential and the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential in Hermissenda type A photoreceptors (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Invertebrate phototransduction ; Bistable photopigment ; Prolonged depolarizing afterpotential ; Membrane conductance ; Second messenger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wavelength-dependent, bistable phenomena were found in the receptor potential of Hermissenda crassicornis type A photoreceptors. Short exposure to blue light induced a prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (PDA) following the cessation of the light stimulus. Stronger adaptation to blue light, as caused by prolonged exposure and/or high intensity stimulation, effected a reduction in the early depolarizing transient of the late receptor potential (LRP) as elicited by subsequent stimuli. Vast separation of LRP emergence and PDA emergence could be obtained in photoreceptors in which a strong cancellation of the LRP was accomplished but a PDA still emerged after cessation of the light stimulus. Short exposure to yellow light cancelled the PDA, and stronger adaptation restored the LRP (opposite effect to blue light). The initial depolarizing part of the LRP had earlier been demonstrated to be mediated by the lightdependent increase of an inward conductance. In contrast, in this study the PDA was found to be accompanied by the reduction of an outward conductance, most likely a K+ conductance. A bistable photopigment system is thought to control the bistable receptor potential phenomenology by regulating the different membrane conductances during the LRP and the PDA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214714
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical monitoring of activity of many neurons in invertebrate ganglia during behaviors (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Voltage-sensitive dye ; abdominal ganglion ; buccal ganglion ; neuronal activity ; gill-withdrawal reflex ; Aplysia ; Navanax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Optical methods for monitoring neuron activity were developed because these methods lend themselves to simultaneous multiple-site measurements. With the use of new voltage-sensitive dyes, the dye-related pharmacology and photodynamic damage appear to be relatively unimportant. Using multiple-site measurements made with a 124-element photodiode array, we estimated that approximately 30 of the 200 neurons present in theNavanax buccal ganglion make action potentials during feeding and that approximately 300 of the 1100 neurons present in theNavanax buccal ganglion make are active during the gill-withdrawal reflex. The fact that a light mechanical touch to the siphon skin activated such a large number of neurons in the abdominal ganglion suggests that understanding the neuronal basis of the gill-withdrawal reflex and its behavioral plasticity may be forbiddingly difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940529
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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