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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 15 (1994), S. 1353-1360 
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin receptor subtype ; Endocrine pancreas ; Exocrine pancreas
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 23 (1974), S. S29-S31 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Morphine ; Diazepam ; Benzodiazepine antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diazepam, injected into the lateral ventricles reduced the antinociceptive effect of morphine in rats, as measured by the tail-flick method. Specific antagonists of diazepam (Ro 15-1788 and Ro 15-3505) had no effect themselves but prevented inhibition by diazepam of morphine antinociception. Furthermore, the action of diazepam was partially reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of bicuculline or caffeine. These findings support the view that the depressant effect of diazepam on morphine antinociception is specific and GABAergic in nature and that some actions of diazepam are also mediated via the purinergic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 335 (1987), S. 547-550 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Zopiclone ; GABA turnover ; Striatum ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of zopiclone, a non-benzodiazepine compound that interacts with benzodiazepine receptors, on GABA turnover rate and GABA content in the rat striatum and hippocampus have been studied. Intraperitoneal administration of zopiclone reduced the GABA turnover rates in both the striatum and hippocampus, as estimated from the rate of GABA accumulation after inhibition of GABA transaminase by aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). The effect of zopiclone on AOAA-induced accumulation of GABA in the hippocampus and striatum was blocked by the intraperitoneal injection of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-3505. Furthermore, zopiclone slightly but significantly decreased GABA content in the hippocampus, the decrease being blocked by coadministration of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788. Our results confirm that the GABAergic system plays a role in the mechanism of action of zopiclone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 344 (1991), S. 84-89 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diazepam ; Antinociception ; Benzodiazepine antagonist ; Opioid antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute i.p. injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg) resulted in a moderate increase in the tail-flick latency in rats. Tolerance to this diazepam effect developed after 10 days of diazepam treatment (1 mg kg−1 day−1). The benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-3505 only partially reversed the effect of diazepam on nociception. Naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.) failed to affect the effect of diazepam on nociception, while the kappa antagonist MR 2266 fully antagonized the diazepam-induced increase of the tail-flick latency. Diazepam injected intracerebroventricularly (1, 5, 20 μg/rat) did not alter basal nociceptive threshold, however, diazepam injected intrathecally (20 μg/rat) prolonged the tail-flick latency. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of muscimol partially antagonized the i.p. diazepam-induced increase of the tail-flick latency. These results suggest that benzodiazepine receptor sites are partially involved in the effect of diazepam on nociception and indicate that an indirect kappa-opioid-receptor-mediated mechanism may be involved. The anatomical site of diazepam action on tail-flick latency seems to be at the spinal level. Descending axons to the spinal cord from brain areas reached by intracerebroventricular injection of muscimol seem to modulate the effect of diazepam effect on nociception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 526-529 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Zopiclone ; Morphine ; Antinociception ; Benzodiazepines ; Benzodiazepine antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antinociceptive effect of morphine, as determined by the tail-flick test, was dose-dependently increased by the intraperitoneal injection of zopiclone. The benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 (flumazepil) and Ro 15-3505, when intraperitoneally injected, significantly antagonized the effect of intraperitoneal injection of zopiclone on morphine antinociception. Intrathecal injection of zopiclone potentiated morphine antinociception, while the intracerebroventricular injection of zopiclone failed to enhance morphine antinociception and the intracerebroventricular injection of flumazepil to antagonize the intraperitoneal-zopiclone-induced increase in morphine antinociception. These results suggest that benzodiazepine sites are specifically involved in the potentiating effect of zopiclone on morphine antinociception. The anatomical locations of the receptors involved seem to be at the spinal level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 48 (2000), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Radiofrequenzablation ; Somnoplastik ; Velum ; Schnarchen ; Obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS) ; Key words Radiofrequency ; Somnoplasty ; Soft palate ; Snoring ; Obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome (OSAS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Twenty-nine patients (26 male and 3 female) with habitual or obstructive snoring and socially disturbing character were followed over a ten week period. All patients were treated with radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) of the soft palate. In 21 patients this operation was combined with other surgery of the upper airway, eight patients had soft palate reduction with RFVTR exclusively. With this method an electrode is positioned in the musculatur of the soft palate submucosaly. RFVTR may be performed under local anesthesia and has to be repeated if necessary. Ten weeks postoperatively 24 of 29 patients, respectively their social-partners, reported subjective reduction of snoring after the first treatment. Markable improvement of snoring was seen in 20 of 29 patients postoperatively and reduction of the respiratory-disturbance-index (RDI) for more than 10 was noticed in 7/29 patients polysomnographically. 5/8 patients who were treated with RFVTR exclusively, showed reduction of snoring and 3/8 patients had RDI-reduction for more than 10. We conclude, that RFVTR of the soft palate is sucessful in the treatment of snoring and may be helpful in the treatment of mild obstructive-sleep-apnea-syndrome (OSAS).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 29 Patienten (26 männlich und 3 weiblich) mit sozial störender, primärer oder obstruktiver Rhonchopathie wurden über einen Zeitraum von 10 Wochen beobachtet. Alle Patienten erhielten eine Gaumensegelstraffung mittels Radiofrequenzablation. Bei 21 Patienten wurde dieser Eingriff mit weiteren Eingriffen der oberen Luftwege kombiniert, 8 Patienten erhielten ausschließlich eine Gaumensegelstraffung. Bei dieser neuen Methode wird mittels einer Elektrode Radiofrequenzenergie in die Muskulatur des weichen Gaumens submukös appliziert. Dieses Verfahren kann in örtlicher Betäubung durchgeführt werden, gegebenenfalls sind mehrere Sitzungen erforderlich; 10 Wochen postoperativ berichteten 24/29 Patienten bzw. deren Schlafpartner über subjektive Reduktion der Rhonchopathie nach der 1. Behandlung. Polysomnographisch zeigte sich postoperativ eine deutliche Verbesserung der Rhonchopathie bei 20/29 Patienten und eine Reduktion des „Respiratory-disturbance-Index” (RDI) 〉10 bei 7/29 Patienten. In der Patientengruppe die ausschließlich eine Gaumensegelstraffung erhielten zeigten 5/8 Patienten eine Reduktion der Rhonchopathie und 3/8 Patienten eine Reduktion des RDI 〉10. Wir schließen daraus, daß die Radiofrequenzablation des weichen Gaumens in der Behandlung der primären und obstruktiven Rhonchopathie bzw. milder Formen des obstruktiven Schlafapnoesyndroms (OSAS) erfolgreich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endonasale Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie ; Chronische Sinusitis ; Endoskop ; Mikroskop ; Key words Endonasal sinus surgery ; Chronic sinusitis ; Endoscope ; Microscope ; Instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The development of modern endonasal sinus surgery is fundamentally based on the introduction of optical instrumentation. Endoscopes and microscopes are commonly used in such surgery. We tested a new combination of a stereoscopic single-channel endoscope with an operating microscope (ENDO-OPMI) for endonasal sinus surgery. This combination of the endoscope and microscope are connected in a way that results in a self-carried stereo-endoscope. To date, the ENDO-OPMI has been evaluated in cadaver studies and 7 cases of endonasal sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. The trial was used to evaluate the clinical use of the current system and its possibilities for future developments. The ENDO-OPMI was demonstrated to be principally well-suited for endonasal sinus surgery. However, the current technical shortcomings make further developments necessary. Once these are implemented, the system should be superior to the use of an endoscope or microscope alone in endonasal surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung der modernen endonasalen Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie basiert in wesentlichen Punkten auf der Einführung optischer Hilfsmittel. Die Anwendung von Endoskop und Mikroskop hat weite Verbreitung gefunden. Beide optischen Verfahren verfügen über spezifische Vor- und Nachteile. Wir erprobten eine neuartige Kombination eines stereoskopischen Einkanalendoskops mit einem Operationsmikroskop (ENDO-OPMI) in der endonasalen Chirurgie. Bei diesem System wird das Endoskop fest mit einem Mikroskop verbunden, so daß ein Durchsichtstereoendoskop resultiert, das durch Verwendung eines speziellen Mikroskopstativs nahezu kraftfrei geführt werden kann. Das ENDO-OPMI wurde in Kadaverstudien und 7 endonasalen Nasennebenhöhleneingriffen eingesetzt. Untersucht wurden Handhabbarkeit und Nutzen des derzeitigen Systems und Möglichkeiten zukünftiger Entwicklungen. Hierbei erwies sich das System als prinzipiell gut geeignet für die endonasale Chirurgie. Aus technischen Weiterentwicklungen könnte eine Überlegenheit des ENDO-OPMI gegenüber einer alleinigen Anwendung von Endoskop bzw. Mikroskop resultieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 67 (1925), S. 477-478 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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