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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain tumors ; Cell separation ; Biochemistry ; Brain specific protein ; GABA ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The heterogeneity of brain tumours, especially in the glioblastoma group, makes biochemical characterization of pieces of the tumours hazardous even with extensive histological controls. This study employs a technique by which separate cell populations are subsequently isolated from the tumours by means of density gradient centrifugation. Cells isolated from glial brain tumours with low density sedimentation rates show the highest levels of glial cell characteristics, i.e. S-100 content and active uptake of the neurotransmitter GABA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-Brain-Barrier ; Catecholamines ; Trypan Blue Staining ; EEG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Kaninchen, die durch Reserpinbehandlung der endogenen Monoamine beraubt wurden, erfolgte einseitige chemische Schädingung der BHS unter fortlaufender EEG-Registrierung. Katecholamine wurden in verschiedener Dosierung i.v. verabreicht, um die EEG-Antworten sowie die Anreicherung von Katecholaminen in den Nervenendigungen und Axonen festzustellen. Letzteres erfolgte an gefrier-getrockneten Schnitten unter dem Fluorescenz-Mikroskop. An denselben Schnitten konnte i.v. verabreichtes Trypanblau gleichzeitig durch seine Rot-Fluorescenz von der grünen Farbe der angehäuften Monoamine deutlich unterschieden werden. EEG-Veränderungen nach Monoamin-Injektionen wurden in 2 von 5 untersuchten Kaninchen beobachtet. Sie treten als Ausbrüche von kleinen Spitzenpotentialen auf der Seite der BHS-Schädigung auf und ähneln den EEG-Veränderungen, welche oft der hochgespannten paroxysmalen Aktivität nach Penicillingaben vorangehen. Ein Vergleich mit der Wirkung der freigesetzten endogenen Monoamine an spezifischen Receptoren wird aufgrund der EEG-Antworten diskutiert. Im allgemeinen findet die stärkste Monoamin-Aufnahme in Gebieten mit geringster Trypanblau-Anfärbung statt, während Gebiete mit ausgeprägter Trypanblau-Anfärbung, vor allem Zellkörper, keine oder wenig Monoamin-haltige Axdone aufwiesen. Eine starke Monoamin-Fluorescenz in Capillar-Pericyten wurde mitunter in Regionen mit sehr geringer BHS-Schädigung gesehen. Dieser Befund läßt vermuten, daß die chemisch bedingte Läsion sich auf das Endothel beschränkt.
    Notes: Summary On rabbits depleted of endogenous monoamines through reserpine treatment, unilateral chemical injury of the BBB was produced under continous EEG registration. Catecholamines in various doses were given intravenously in order to reveal any response in the EEG as well as the accumulation of catecholamines in nerve terminals and non-terminal axons as seen in freeze-dried sections under the fluorescence microscope. In the same sections intravenously given trypan blue could be concominatly determined due to its red fluorescence, distinctly contrasting to the green colour of the accumulated monoamines. EEG effects following monoamine injections were seen in 2 of the 5 rabbits studied with EEG recording. They appeared as bursts of low spike potentials on the BBB-damaged side resembling the EEG changes often preceding the high voltage paroxysmal activity evoked by pencillin. Comparison with the action of released endogenous monoamines on specific receptor sites was discussed as background for this EEG response. In general, the most extensive monoamine uptake took place in areas with minimal trypan blue staining while areas characterized by abundant trypan blue staining, especially of cell bodies, showed no or very few monoamine-concentrating axons. A strong monoamine fluorescence in capillary pericytes was sometimes seen in very mild BBB-damaged regions, a finding suggesting that the chemical injury here was restricted to the endothelium proper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 298 (1973), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 186 (1969), S. 373-383 
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 56 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A quantitative dot immunobinding procedure was used to quantify glial [the S-100 protein and the glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein] and neuronal (the 68- and 200-kDa neurofilament polypeptides, neuron-specific enolase, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule) markers. A single intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg of MK 801 blocked the increase of glial parameters and the decrease in content of neuronal marker proteins that occurred as the response to an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) lesion in the rat hippocampus. The degradation products of GFA protein and the 68-kDa neurofilament polypeptide that were induced by the NMDA lesion did not appear after MK 801 treatment. This study shows that brain-specific proteins are a set of precise tools for the evaluation of neuroprotective effects of antagonists to excitatory amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Postlesion plasticity of neuronal processes might contribute to secondary spontaneous seizures after kainic acid administration. In this study, neurofilament (NF) proteins were examined following intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid, and special reference was given to temporal changes in quantity and quality of the NF light (NF-L) and heavy (NF-H) subunits. A pronounced decrease in phosphorylation-related immunoreactivity of NF-H occurred as early as 1 day after the injection in the amygdala/pyriform cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and dorsal cerebral cortex. A shift of NF-H from the phosphorylated to nonphosphorylated form was evident in immunoblots, suggesting dephosphorylation contributed to the decrease. Decreases in NF-L and phosphorylated NF-H contents in the limbic structure at 3 days were correlated with the increasing kainic acid doses from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg. The degradation pattern in immunoblots with antibodies against NF-L indicated that the decrease in NF-L was probably due to calcium-activated proteolysis. NF-L and phosphorylated NF-H contents secondarily increased from 9 days onward, with ∼20% above the control level of phosphorylated NF-H immunoreactivity at 27 days in the amygdala/pyriform cortex and ventral hippocampus. Immunohistochemical examination of the hippocampus revealed that an increase of NF staining in the mossy fiber system may contribute to the NF recovery in this region. Furthermore, the temporal changes of NF-L and phosphorylated NF-H contents were positively correlated with those of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule, a neuritic growth cone marker, substantiating postlesion regenerative reactions of NF proteins. Functional consequences of the NF plasticity remain to be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 25 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Bulk prepared neuronal perikarya, nerve endings and glial cells have been used to study amino acid concentrations and GABA metabolism in vitro. All amino acids were more concentrated in synaptosomes and glial cells than in neuronal perikarya. Cell specificity was found with respect to the relative distribution of some amino acids. Glutamate decarboxylase activity was considerably higher in synaptosomes than in glial cells. The inhibitory effect of amino-oxyacetic acid on glutamate decarboxylase activity differed between synaptosomes and glial cells. γ-Aminobutyric acid-α-ketoglutarate transaminase had the highest activity in the glial cell fraction; the inhibition of amino-oxyacetic acid differed between glial and neuronal material. The metabolism of exogenous GABA just accumulated by a cell showed similar time characteristics in neuronal and glial material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The accumulation of calcium ions by brain mitochondria and microsomes and by fractions containing neuronal or glial cells has been studied in vitro with techniques involving 45Ca and ultramicro-flame photometry. ATP and substrate-supported calcium accumulation by brain mitochondria was of the same magnitude as for mitochondria from other organs. Brain microsomes accumulated calcium approximately 15 times less than brain mitochondria. Variations in Na+/K+ ratios and in ATP/ADP ratios had a more marked influence on microsomal uptake than on mitochondrial uptake. The passive Ca2+ binding by glial cells was higher than neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes. Also the calcium accumulation ability in cell suspensions was slightly higher for glial cells as compared to neuronal perikarya. The calcium uptake by glial cells was stimulated by high external K+ concentration, which also was the case for nerve endings. The uptake in neuronal perikarya was unaffected by variations in K+ concentration. A comparison between neuronal and glial mitochondria showed that both reach a steady state level of similar magnitude, but that the rate of initial accumulation was greater for glial mitochondria. A high glial calcium accumulation was also observed for the microsomal fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Soluble proteins were studied in preparations from rabbit brain cortex enriched in neuronal or glial cells and in subcellular cortical fractions. Analytical polyacrylamide gels were used for acidic (pH 9-5) and basic (pH 4-3) proteins and qualitative and quantitative differences are described. The isozymes of lactic dehydrogenase, brain specific proteins and radioactive labelling patterns were used to characterize some soluble proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Rabbit cortex slices were incubated in a medium containing [3H]-uridine for various periods of time. Following incubation, neuronal and glial cell fractions were prepared on a discontinuous Ficoll-sucrose gradient. RNA was extracted from neurons and glia with a tris-sodium dodecyl sulphate-phenol solution and fractionated on a composite agarose-polyacrylamide gel. The stained gel showed major bands corresponding to 28 s, 18 s, 5 s and 4 s fractions and additional minor bands at the position of 24 s, 21 s and 13 s. Neuronal and glial RNA had the same general RNA pattern but the 5 s fraction was more pronounced in neuronal RNA and 4 s more pronounced in glial RNA. After 30 min labelling both neuronal and glial RNA had maximum activities in fractions higher than 28 s with a peak corresponding to 45 s. In the lower mol. wt. region the labelling was essentially poly-disperse. With increasing incubation time, peaks corresponding to 38 s and 32 s appeared as well as to ribosomal and soluble fractions. Incorporation of activity into total RNA expressed as d.p.m/μg of nucleic acids, showed similar labelling in neurons and glia after 30 and 60 min and a 3-4 times higher incorporation into neuronal RNA after 180 min. The possible implications of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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