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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-Brain-Barrier ; Catecholamines ; Trypan Blue Staining ; EEG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Kaninchen, die durch Reserpinbehandlung der endogenen Monoamine beraubt wurden, erfolgte einseitige chemische Schädingung der BHS unter fortlaufender EEG-Registrierung. Katecholamine wurden in verschiedener Dosierung i.v. verabreicht, um die EEG-Antworten sowie die Anreicherung von Katecholaminen in den Nervenendigungen und Axonen festzustellen. Letzteres erfolgte an gefrier-getrockneten Schnitten unter dem Fluorescenz-Mikroskop. An denselben Schnitten konnte i.v. verabreichtes Trypanblau gleichzeitig durch seine Rot-Fluorescenz von der grünen Farbe der angehäuften Monoamine deutlich unterschieden werden. EEG-Veränderungen nach Monoamin-Injektionen wurden in 2 von 5 untersuchten Kaninchen beobachtet. Sie treten als Ausbrüche von kleinen Spitzenpotentialen auf der Seite der BHS-Schädigung auf und ähneln den EEG-Veränderungen, welche oft der hochgespannten paroxysmalen Aktivität nach Penicillingaben vorangehen. Ein Vergleich mit der Wirkung der freigesetzten endogenen Monoamine an spezifischen Receptoren wird aufgrund der EEG-Antworten diskutiert. Im allgemeinen findet die stärkste Monoamin-Aufnahme in Gebieten mit geringster Trypanblau-Anfärbung statt, während Gebiete mit ausgeprägter Trypanblau-Anfärbung, vor allem Zellkörper, keine oder wenig Monoamin-haltige Axdone aufwiesen. Eine starke Monoamin-Fluorescenz in Capillar-Pericyten wurde mitunter in Regionen mit sehr geringer BHS-Schädigung gesehen. Dieser Befund läßt vermuten, daß die chemisch bedingte Läsion sich auf das Endothel beschränkt.
    Notes: Summary On rabbits depleted of endogenous monoamines through reserpine treatment, unilateral chemical injury of the BBB was produced under continous EEG registration. Catecholamines in various doses were given intravenously in order to reveal any response in the EEG as well as the accumulation of catecholamines in nerve terminals and non-terminal axons as seen in freeze-dried sections under the fluorescence microscope. In the same sections intravenously given trypan blue could be concominatly determined due to its red fluorescence, distinctly contrasting to the green colour of the accumulated monoamines. EEG effects following monoamine injections were seen in 2 of the 5 rabbits studied with EEG recording. They appeared as bursts of low spike potentials on the BBB-damaged side resembling the EEG changes often preceding the high voltage paroxysmal activity evoked by pencillin. Comparison with the action of released endogenous monoamines on specific receptor sites was discussed as background for this EEG response. In general, the most extensive monoamine uptake took place in areas with minimal trypan blue staining while areas characterized by abundant trypan blue staining, especially of cell bodies, showed no or very few monoamine-concentrating axons. A strong monoamine fluorescence in capillary pericytes was sometimes seen in very mild BBB-damaged regions, a finding suggesting that the chemical injury here was restricted to the endothelium proper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; tyramine ; noradrenaline uptake ; clinical trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes a phase I clinical trial of a new tricyclic imipramine analogue (Leo 640) with a hydrogen atom in one of the N-methylgroups substituted by a p-chlorobensoyl. To get an objective assessment of the effects of Leo 640 we utilized the fact that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit the uptake of tyramine (thereby blocking its indirect sympathomimetic effects) and noradrenaline into peripheral adrenergic nerves. Dose-response (systolic pressor effects) curves for tyramine (TA) were established before and during treatment with Leo 640. Adrenergic nerves from the rat iris were incubated in the patient's plasma drawn immediately before the TA tests. The inhibitory effect of the endogenous plasma level of Leo 640 (and/or its metabolites) on the uptake of3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) in these nerves was then determined. — Leo 640 was given orally in successively increasing doses (up to 1.1–5.6 mg/kg/day) to fifteen patients with various forms of depression. The duration of treatment was usually 3–4 weeks. Leo 640 caused a blockade of TA- pressor responses. Plasma of all treated patients inhibited the uptake of3H-NA in the rat iris. The results in the two tests were reasonably well correlated (p〈0.01). — The results in the TA- and “rat-iris” tests were compared with those obtained with nortriptyline (NT) in the same dose-range in nine other patients. In comparison with NT, Leo 640 had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on TA-responsesin vivo than of3H-NA uptake in adrenergic nervesin vitro. A possible explanation might be that Leo 640 has an α-receptor blocking effect. — For both Leo 640 and NT, poor correlations were found between the doses (mg/kg) used and the objective effects, when different patients were compared, probably due to marked interindividual differences in pharmacokinetics. — It is concluded that the dose-range of Leo 640 should be similar to that of NT in terms of the effects onperipheral adrenergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 4 (1972), S. 212-216 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; chlorpromazine ; antidepressants ; noradrenaline uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat iris, which is richly innervated by adrenergic nerves, was incubated with3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) in plasma from patients receiving clinical treatment with chlorpromazine, thioridazine, opipramol, chlorprothixene, trifluoperazine and haloperidol. The uptake of3H-NA by the iris was compared with that found in control samples of plasma. Chlorpromazine significantly inhibited the uptake of3H-NA; no effect on NA uptake was found in plasma from patients on lithium, opipramol or the other neuroleptic drugs, i. e. only clinical doses of chlorpromazine and tricyclic antidepressant drugs inhibited neuronal NA uptake. A cross-over study of nortriptyline and amitriptyline (50 mg t.i.d.) was performed in 6 patients. Both the plasma concentrations of nortriptyline (the main metabolite of amitriptyline) and the inhibition of NA uptake in the rat iris were greater when the patients were taking nortriptyline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressants ; noradrenaline uptake ; 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described for measuring the inhibition of transmitter uptake into noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons incubated in plasma from patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants. The potency was determined of the tricyclic antidepressants nortriptyline and chlorimipramine in inhibiting NA and 5-HT uptake by rat brain slices incubated in buffer or human plasma. As expected, nortriptyline produced greater inhibition of NA than of 5-HT uptake, and chlorimipramine had more effect on 5-HT uptake. These drugs caused 10 to 100 times more inhibition of monoamine uptake from buffer than from plasma, probably because they were bound to plasma proteins. Plasma from patients taking nortriptyline inhibited NA uptake by brain slices 35—55% of the value found in each subject in a pretreatment sample. During long term therapy the concentration of a drug in plasma should be in equilibrium with its concentration at central receptor sites. Thus, it seems likely that the present results reflect the inhibition of uptake by the central monoaminergic neurons of patients taking tricyclic antidepressants. The method also permits evaluation of inter-individual differences in the effects of various antidepressants on NA and 5-HT nerve terminals. It can also be used to evaluate the relative effects of various antidepressants on these two monoaminergic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat cerebral cortex slices were incubated in vitro with [3H]dopamine (DA) or [3H]noradrenaline (NA) (10−7M), superfused by fresh buffer and stimulated by an electric field. The stimulation-induced overflow of [3H]DA and [3H]NA was determined.In slices from untreated rats about 16 ng [3H]NA/g tissue was formed from [3H]DA, corresponding to about 5 per cent of the endogenous NA concentration. Stimulation markedly enhanced the overflow of [3H]NA. The [3H]NA newly formed from [3H]DA was overflowing to a greater extent than [3H]NA previously taken up from the incubation medium, indicating a preferential release of newly synthesized transmitter. The stimulation-induced overflow of [3H]DA and [3H]NA was increased in slices of rats pretreated with a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor (H44/68). It seems that depletion of the endogenous NA stores of central NA neurons by tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition makes the [3H]cate-cholamines more available for release. Pretreatment of the rats with the DA-β-hydroxylase inhibitors FLA63 or FLA69 considerably diminished the formation of [3H]NA from [3H]DA. Stimulation markedly enhanced the overflow of [3H]DA indicating that DA can act as a ‘false transmitter’ in central NA neurons after DA-β-hydroxylase inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: (Ovary) ; Adenylate cyclase ; Adrenaline ; Catecholamine ; Corpus luteum model ; LH ; Noradrenaline
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Chromogranin A ; Chromogranin B ; Pheochromocytoma (human)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 1 (1980), S. S57 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 13 (1985), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: calcium ; neuropeptide Y ; nifedipine ; noradrenaline ; surgical stress ; vasoconstriction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: adrenal gland ; adrenaline ; neuropeptide Y ; pheochromocytoma tumors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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