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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral sparganosis: analysis of 34 cases with emphasis on CT features (1992)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain ; Infection ; Computed tomography ; Parasites ; Inflammation ; Sparganosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral sparganosis is a rare parasitic CNS disease, producing chronic active granulomatous inflammation. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data, CT scans and histopathologic specimens in 34 patients with cerebral sparganosis. The majority of the patients (89%) were rural inhabitants; 75% had a history of ingestion of frogs and/or snakes. The major presenting symptoms were seizure (84%), hemiparesis (59%) and headache (56%) of chronic course. On CT scans, the disease most frequently involved the cerebral hemispheres, particularly frontoparietal lobes, with occasional extension to the external and internal capsules and basal ganglia. The cerebellum was rarely involved. Bilateral involvement was seen in 26%. The main CT findings consisted of white matter hypodensity with adjacent ventricular dilatation (88%), irregular or nodular enhancing lesion (88%), and small punctate calcifications (76%). In combination, the CT triad above appears to be specific for this disease, and was noted in 62% of cases. Of 16 follow-up CT scans, 5 (38%) showed a change in the location of the enhancing nodule. With a single CT scan, it does not appear to be possible to determine whether the worm is alive or dead, information important for deciding whether to intervene surgically. Change in the location of the enhancing nodule and/or worsening of the other CT findings on sequential CT scans would suggest that the worm is alive and that the patient is a candidate for surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588423
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-evaluation of optimal dose of contrast medium for vascular enhancement in CT of the head and neck (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Computed tomography ; head and neck ; Contrast medium ; dose ; Comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adequate contrast enhancement of major neck vessels is more important than that of a tumour itself in CT of most head and neck tumours because of differentiation from neck node metastases. Our purpose was to re-evaluate the dosage of contrast medium for adequate vascular enhancement in CT of the head and neck. In a blind prospective fashion, 60 patients with a variety of head and neck lesions were randomised into three equal groups receiving 0.75, 1.0, or 1.25 ml/kg of meglumine ioglycate, 300 mg/ml. Contrast medium was administered by injector at 2 ml/s. The scan time and interscan delay were each 1 s, and total scan time 50–180 s. The scan was started immediately after administration of two-thirds of the contrast medium. The degree of vascular enhancement was assessed visually and quantitatively. We visually scored the degree of vascular enhancement as excellent (4 points), good (3), fair (2) or poor (1). For quantitative study, after measuring the CT numbers of the common or internal carotid artery (CA), internal jugular vein (IJV) and adjacent muscle at three levels, were calculated mean vessel/muscle contrast ratios. The degree of enhancement of the CA and IJV tended to increase with dose of the contrast media, but no examination was rated as showing poor enhancement in any group. The mean visual assessment scores for 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 ml/kg were 2.7, 2.9 and 3.1, respectively; the mean ICA/muscle contrast ratios were 1.58, 1.55 and 1.63, and those of IJV/muscle 1.65, 1.59 and 1.59. There was no significant difference between visual and quantitative assessment in any group. The results suggest that 0.75 ml/kg of contrast medium appears sufficient for vascular opacification for head and neck lesions when the CT scan can be completed in about 120 s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050362
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual MR manifestations of neurocysticercosis (1989)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 31 (1989), S. 396-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cysticercosis ; MR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MR and CT features of neurocysticercosis are variable and depend fundametally on the stage in evolution of the infection, location, number and size of the worm. The authors retrospectively evaluated MR images obtained on a 2.0T superconducting unit in 22 neurocysticercosis patients and observed various MR features including some new findings. A variety of MR findings are presented with special reference to six case reports. The features include: (1) a large simple cyst containing both internal septations and a scolex; (2) suprasellar racemose cysts mimicking other cysts, (3) a fourth ventricular cyst readily depicted by aid of CSF flow-void in the sagittal plane; (4) degenerating cysts showing “white target” appearance; (5) granulomatous lesions having a “black target” appearance; and (6) a meningitic form showing Gd-DTPA enhancement of basal cisterns and of a subacute infarct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343863
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging in intracranial tuberculosis (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-six patients with intracranial tuberculosis (Tb) (10 with acute meningitis, 5 with chronic meningitis, 5 with meningitic sequelae and 6 with localized tuberculoma(s) were examined with MR before and after Gd-DTPA enhancement (0.1 mmol/kg), using 2.0T superconducting unit, and the images were retrospectively analyzed and compared with CT scans. Without Gd-DTPA enhancement, the MR images were generally insensitive to detection of active meningeal inflammation and granulomas. The signal intensity of granulomas was usually isointense to gray matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images, whether they were associated with diffuse meningitis or presented as localized tuberculoma(s). A few granulomas showed focal hypointensity on T2-weighted images. Calcifications seen on CT of the meningitic sequelae group usually appeared markedly hypointense on all spin-echo sequences. On Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted images, abnormal meningeal enhancement indicating active inflammation was conspicuous, and the granulomas often appeared as conglomerated ring-enhancing nodules, which seems to be characteristic of granulomas. Thin rim enhancement around the suprasellar calcifications were observed in two out of 5 patients with meningitic sequelae. Compared with CT, MR detected a few more ischemic infarcts, hemorrhagic infarcts, meningeal enhancement and granulomas in the acute meningitis group, but missed small calcifications in the basal cisterns well shown on CT in the sequelae group. Otherwise, MR generally matched CT scans. MR imaging appears to be superior to CT in evaluation of active intracranial Tb only if Gd-DTPA is used, while CT is better than MR in evaluating meningitic sequelae with calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593936
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: Sonography, CT, Angiography, and Iodized-Oil CT with pathologic correlation (1994)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 19 (1994), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver, neoplasms ; Sonography ; Angiography ; Computed tomography ; Oily contrast media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the characteristics of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver by imaging techniques, six patients (five male and one female), aged 46–60 years, with proved combined tumors were selected for this study from the review of 500 resected specimens of liver tumors. Images obtained from sonography, computed tomography (CT), angiography, and CT after intraarterial injection of iodized oil (iodized-oil CT) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with the appearance of pathologic specimens. Sonographic findings were round or ovoid hypoechoic masses with central hyperechoic area (target appearance) in all patients. On CT scans, tumors were relatively well-defined low- and/or iso-attenuation masses in all patients. Angiography showed hypovascular masses in five patients. In one patient, the tumor appeared as a hypovascular mass with a central hypervascular area. On iodized-oil CT scans, all patients showed partial retention of iodized oil in tumors. Echogenicity in tumors at sonography or attenuation in tumors at CT could not be correlated with histologic difference in tumors at pathologic specimens. However, the hypervascular area at angiography and the compact retention areas of iodized oil at iodized-oil CT corresponded to portions of hepatocellular carcinoma within the combined tumor. On the basis of our results, imaging features, including target appearance at sonography, hypovascular mass with central hypervascular portions at angiography, and partial retention of iodized oil in tumors at iodized-oil CT, might be helpful in making accurate diagnosis of these rare tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02165860
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of MRI with CT (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 357-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; CT ; Magnetic resonance ; Liver neoplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the clinical utility of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma of the liver, 11 patients with pathologically proven peripheral cholangiocarcinoma were examined with both CT and MRI. On CT scans in 10 cases, the tumors appeared as irregular, low-attenuation masses with a wide variation in heterogeneity. Contrast enhancement of the tumors was mild in nine cases and moderate in one case, at the periphery. Tumor was not identified in one case. On T1-weighted MRIs, the tumors showed low intensity in eight cases and isointensity in three cases. On T2-weighted images, the tumors showed high intensity in all 11 cases. Focal dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts around the tumor was seen in one case on MRIs and in four cases on CT scans. Portal vein invasion of the tumors was seen in one case, and lymphadenopathy was seen in four cases on both MRIs and CT scans. MRI was slightly superior to CT in detecting the tumors, was inferior to CT in delineating focal ductal dilatation around the tumors, and was equal to CT in assessing extent of the tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203371
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: sonography and CT (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 131-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver, cholangiocarcinoama ; Liver, US studies ; Liver, CT studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of cystic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma is presented. Both sonography and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a large intrahepatic cystic neoplasm containing an enhancing solid portion. Despite the very rare incidence of this tumor, we believe that cystic degeneration of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma should be considered with these radiologic findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver treated with chemotherapy: CT imaging in four patients (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Liver, neoplasms ; Liver, sarcoma ; Liver, CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma after chemotherapy and to correlate the CT imaging findings with pathologic findings. Methods: Ten CT images obtained before and after chemotherapy in four patients with hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with pathologic findings. Results: After chemotherapy, tumor volume decreased by 50–90% and initially nonresectable tumor or gross residual tumor was successfully excised in three patients. In all patients, enhancing peripheral solid portions and septations changed to low-attenuation areas, and in three patients increased or de novo calcifications were found at the periphery of the tumor. Resected pathologic specimen after chemotherapy showed well-encapsulated masses with central necrosis, fibrosis, and dystrophic calcifications. Conclusions: These CT findings will be useful in monitoring the treatment response of hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma during chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201521
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preoperative evaluation of Klatskin tumor: accuracy of spiral CT in determining vascular invasion as a sign of unresectability (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 500-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Bile ducts—Bile ducts, CT—Bile ducts, neoplasm.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To assess the accuracy of spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability of Klatskin tumor as determined by vascular invasion. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with Klatskin tumor who had undergone laparotomy were included in this study. The preoperative thin-section (5-mm-thick) spiral CT scans of these patients were assessed for the surgical resectability of tumor by evaluating the vascular invasion. The criterion for vascular invasion indicating unresectability was the tumoral invasion of the proper hepatic artery or main portal vein or simultaneous invasion of one side of the hepatic artery and the other side of the portal vein. Results: All nine patients with tumors thought to be unresectable on the basis of CT findings had tumors that were unresectable at surgery (positive predictive value, 100%). Of 12 patients with tumors thought to be resectable, six had resectable tumors (negative predictive value, 50%). Spiral CT failed to detect small hepatic metastasis (n= 1), lymph node metastasis (n= 1), extensive tumor (n= 2) and variation of bile duct (n= 2), which precluded surgical resection. Conclusion: Spiral CT is a reliable method for detecting vascular invasion and unresectable tumors. However, it has limitations in detecting variations of the bile duct or the intraductal extent of tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002610000081
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colitis in Behçet's disease: Characteristics on double-contrast barium enema examination in 20 patients (1994)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 19 (1994), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Behçet's disease ; Colitis, Behçet's ; Colon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a retrospective review of double-contrast barium enema examinations of 20 patients with clinically proven Behçet's colitis. Main lesion was ovoid or geographic ulcers with a mean diameter of 2.7 cm. The number of ulcers was single in 15 cases and multiple in five. On six resected specimens, ulcers involved submucosa in three, muscle layer in one, and serosa in two cases with an undermining tendency and transmural inflammation. Aphthous ulcers were present in three cases. Neither perforation nor fistula was demonstrated. In all 20 patients, the ulcer was localized in the ileocecal area, with extension to the ascending colon in seven. Skip lesions were observed in the transverse colon and descending colon in three cases. Destruction of surrounding mucosa resulted in cecal contraction in 19 cases, widening of the ileocecal valve in 19, and fold thickening in the terminal ileum in 12. Six cases (30%) manifested as ileocecal mass accompanied by ulcer, fold thickening, and adjacent mucosal deformity. The appendix was visualized in only three (20%) of the 15 patients with no history of appendectomy. On follow-up study of 15 cases, the ulcers disappeared or decreased in size in 13 cases (86%) and the mucosal deformity was not improved in all cases. On the basis of our results, we believe that the characteristic findings of colitis in Behçet's disease in barium enema examination are ovoid or geographic, relatively large, and deep ulcerations with persistent surrounding deformity which tend to localize in the ileocecal area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203486
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