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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements in the method for the electron microscopic localization of arylsulphatase activity (1966)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 8 (1966), S. 54-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The optimal conditions for the demonstration of arylsulphatase activity in the proximal convoluted tubule cells of the rat kidney were studied at light and electron microscopic level. 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate, p-nitrophenyl sulphate and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylsulphate were used as substrates and barium and lead as capturing ions. The effect of fixation, capturing ions, substrate concentration and pH was studied biochemically. The results of these biochemical studies were then verified histochemically. Finally a recommended method for the light and electron microscopic demonstration of arylsulphatase activity was presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279874
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The loss of enzyme reaction products from ultrathin sections during the staining for electron microscopy (1968)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 14 (1968), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of heavy metal salt staining procedures on the reaction products obtained in the demonstration of arylsulphatase and of acid phosphatase were studied. Lead citrate staining at pH 12 was found to cause a very marked dissolution of barium sulphate and a moderate dissolution of lead sulphate. The staining with uranyl acetate was found to dissolve moderately both barium and lead sulphate. Neither lead citrate nor uranyl acetate staining had any remarkable effect on lead phosphate. The mechanism of the dissolution and the possibilities to avoid it were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268039
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flat bed scanner in the quantitative assay of 35SO4-incorporation by X-ray film autoradiography of intervertebral disc sections (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 99 (1993), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A rapid quantitation of proteoglycan synthesis distribution in intervertebral disc and endplates is described. Tissue blocks of disc (C7-Th1) in the midsagittal plane from ten female beagles were incubated in the presence of 35SO4 and prepared as histological slides. For comparison, sulphate incorporation rates in the C5–C6 discs were assayed by liquid scintillation. Autoradiographic film exposed against the labelled sections was developed and digitized for image analysis using a 256 grey level flat bed table scanner connected to a microcomputer. The film density versus dpm (disintegrations per minute) calibration was performed using a set of 35SO4-labelled glycosaminoglycan standards applied on the same film. Since section thickness, dpm calibration of the film density and the specific activity of sulphate in the medium were known, the incorporations per tissue volume could be calculated. The average incorporation rates of the anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and vertebral endplates were 5.2±0.9, 5.2±0.8, 4.5±0.6 and 4.1±0.8 pmol/mm3 per h (±SE, n=10), respectively and closely corresponded to those obtained by liquid scintillation. This method offers a convenient and reproducible way to measure the rate of proteoglycan synthesis in large tissue sections but also in thin cartilaginous tissues such as the vertebral endplate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268023
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the localization of arylsulphatase activity in renal cortical tubules (1967)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 9 (1967), S. 170-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structural localization of arylsulphatase in rat kidney cortex was investigated using p-nitrocatechol sulphate as substrate and lead as capturing ion. The studies included observations of the effects of different modes of fixative application in order to define optimal conditions for the histochemical procedure. Reaction product (lead sulphate) was constantly precipitated in the cytosomes in cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. Previous studies have demonstrated that these same organelles contain acid phosphatase and appear to correspond to lysosomes in biochemically isolated fractions from renal cortex. The observations are compatible with the notion that most of the cytosomes in renal cortical tubules and collecting ducts contain both acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase. The constant absence of precipitate in microbodies of proximal tubule cells supported the assumption that these organelles are functionally different from cytosomes, and may correspond to “peroxisomes”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305861
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regular joint loading in youth assists in the establishment and strengthening of the collagen network of articular cartilage and contributes to the prevention of osteoarthrosis later in life: a hypothesis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 18 (2000), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5604
    Keywords: Key words Articular cartilage ; Cartilage diseases ; Joint diseases ; Osteoarthrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Primary prevention ; Collagen ; Proteoglycans ; Exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010638
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of aerobic long distance running training (up to 40 km · day−1) of 1-year duration on blood and endocrine parameters of female beagle dogs (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 67 (1993), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Endurance training ; Haematology ; Serum hormones ; Lactate ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of long distance running training on blood parameters, hormone responses and bone growth were studied in young growing dogs. A genetically uniform group of female beagles matched with respect to age and body mass were used. The runner dogs (n=10) underwent gradually increased running exercise up to 40 km · day−1 on a treadmill with 15° uphill gradient 5 days each week during a period of 1 year, while the littermate control dogs (n=10) were kept in their cages throughout the study. Low plasma lactate concentrations of the runners measured immediately after the running training indicated the aerobic metabolism of the dogs while running. Significant decreases of blood haemoglobin concentrations (11%), blood erythrocyte number (10%), and erythrocyte packed cell volume (12%) were found in the runner group. Throughout the experiment, the value of thyroxine was slightly lower (13%) in the runners but no changes were found in tri-iodothyronine, free thyroxine, or cortisol serum concentrations. Serum oestradiol concentration at 56 weeks was significantly lower (42%) in the runner group than in the control group but was not as low (27%) at 70 weeks. Somatomedin-C concentration had decreased significantly by 37% at the age of 56 weeks in the runner group but was again at the level of the control dogs at the end of experiment (at 70 weeks). Ulna and radius bone mass as a ratio to the body mass had significantly increased in the runners. It would seem from our study that long distance running has a positive effect on bone growth. However, inadequate energy intake may have brought about lowered body mass with altered endocrine homeostasis, especially affecting oestradiol and somatomedin-C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357630
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative thickness of intracellular membranes in epithelial cells of the ventral lobe of the rat prostate (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 11 (1979), S. 613-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis The relative thickness of intracellular membranes of epithelial cells in the ventral lobe of the rat prostrate was measured by a densitometric method. Glutaraldehyde perfusion followed by ruthenium tetroxide immersion fixation appeared to be the most suitable method for membrane thickness measurements. By thickness, the membranes could be roughly subdivided into three groups. The inner and outer membranes of the mitochondrion made up the thinnest membranes of the cell. The second group of membranes consisted of the membranes of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, the different faces of the latter organelle, and the Golgi vesicles. The thickest group of membranes included those of the cell membrane, secretory granules, condensing vacuoles, lysosomes, autophagic vacuoles and multivesicular bodies. The differences in thickness of the membranes are probably due to the varying protein/lipid ratio, and the qualities and proportions of the different lipids in the membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012543
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of various fixatives on the relative thickness of cellular membranes in the ventral lobe of the rat prostate (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 11 (1979), S. 599-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis A densitometric method was utilized in the measurement of the relative thickness of the cellular membranes in the ventral lobe of the rat prostate. Potassium permanganate, glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, and ruthenium tetroxide solutions were used as fixatives. During preparation for electron microscopy, the tissues were given standardized treatments to reduce methodological errors; latex particles were applied to the thin sections to serve as reference particles of a known size. The most remarkable observation of the study was that the densitometric method yielded reproducible results and that the different fixatives gave significantly different values for the relative thickness of cellular membranes. Glutaraldehyde, or glutaraldehyde followed by ruthenium tetroxide post-fixation, gave the highest values for membrane thickness while osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate gave the lowest values. Glutaraldehyde treatment, prior to osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate post-fixations, rendered the membranes thicker than after osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate treatments alone. Ruthenium tetroxide appeared to be very suitable for fixation of cellular membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012542
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometry of articular cartilage: A stereological method using light microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 210 (1984), S. 675-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A stereological method is introduced for studying the light microscopic morphometry of articular cartilage. New parameters are presented for defining the three-dimensional structure of the articular cartilage. These include volume density of the lacunae and nuclei, numerical density of cells in 3-dimensional space, total number of cells, total volume of the lacunae in cartilage, volume and diameter of the lacuna and nucleus, the nucleus/lacuna volume ratio, and the mean volume of the matrix per cell. Using the lateral tibial condyle of the knee joint of eight rabbits, we investigated tissue preparation, sampling, morphometry, and the conditions necessary for validity and precision of the estimators. The method proved easy to use, and the estimators were precise.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092100415
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease of proteoglycan granule number but increase of their size in articular cartilage of young rabbits after physical exercise and immobilization by splinting (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 219 (1987), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of physical exercise (running) and immobilization by splinting on the number and size of proteoglycan (PG) granules and the diameter of collagen fibers of the articular cartilage were studied with the transmission electron microscope with a stereological method. The lateral tibial condyles of 24 young rabbits were examined. The analysis was carried out in the superficial, middle, and deep zones of uncalcified articular cartilage and also in the pericellular, territorial, and interterritorial regions of each zone. PGs were demonstrated in situ by using en bloc staining with the cationic dye ruthenium red, which binds to negative groups of glycosaminoglycans. Results of the control group showed that there was a large pericellular number of PG granules, and the number of granules tended to increase through cartilage depth. The mean diameter of PG granules was highest in the superficial zone and decreased through cartilago depth. The collagen fibers were thicker in the interterritorial than in the territorial region and their diameters increased from superficial toward the deep zone of uncalcified cartilage. Results of the experimental groups showed that the number of ruthenium-red-positive PG granules decreased by 3-46% in all zones and regions after both physical exercise and joint immobilization. On the other hand, the diameter of PG granules increased by 4-42% in all zones and regions in all groups. Collagen fibers in the territorial region of the middle zone were thinner in the exercised and in the splinted knee, while thicker in the contralateral knee to the splinted limb, as compared with the controls. Depending on its degree, mechanical stress or loading of the joint is suggested to have either anabolic or catabolic effects on articular cartilage.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092190109
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