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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 189-190 (July 1995), p. 321-328 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 521-525 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Propranolol ; Pharmacokinetics ; Inotropy ; Propranolol ; Pharmakokinetik ; Inotropie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Sechs gesunde Probanden erhielten in randomisierter Reihenfolge 20 mg Propranolol i.v. und 80 mg oral. Die Serumkonzentrationen an Propranolol wurden gaschromatographische über 24 h nach jeder Dosis bestimmt. Die kinetischen Variablen für Propranolol (±SE) lauten: Eliminationshalbwertzeit (t1/2β):5,3 h±0,6 h; Verteilungsvolumen: 2,3±0,3 l/kg; totale Clearance 4,9±0,3 ml/min/kg; berechnete Extraktionsrate: 0,23±0,02. Nach oraler Propranololgabe war t1/2β mit 3,8±0,2 h kürzer als nach i.v. Applikation und die systemische Verfügbarkeit mit 0,60±0,07 geringfügig niedriger als von der Extraktionsrate zu erwarten. Die steady state Serumkonzentrationen unter Mehrfachgabe (80 mg alle 12 h) lagen mit 47±5 ng/ml niedriger als die nach den Ergebnissen der Einmaldosis berechneten Spiegel (61±5 ng/ml). Die echokardiographisch bestimmten linksventrikulären Funktionsparameter (Kontraktionsgeschwindigkeit der Hinterwand, enddiastolischer Durchmesser), die unter der einmaligen 80 mg Dosis bestimmt wurden, zeigten eine Beeinträchtigung der Ventrikelfunktion mit einem Maximum 3 h nach Propranolol-Applikation. Dieser Zeitpunkt korrelierte mit den maximalen Serumkonzentrationen (341 ng/ml).
    Notes: Summary Six healthy volunteers received single 20-mg intravenous (IV) and 80-mg oral doses of propranolol on two occasions in random sequence. Serum propranolol concentrations were determined by gas chromatography in multiple samples drawn during 24 h after each dose. Mean (±SE) kinetic variables for IV propranolol were: elimination half-life (t1/2β), 5.3 (±0.6) h; volume of distribution, 2.3 (±0.3) l/kg; total clearance, 4.9 (±0.3) ml/min/kg; predicted extraction ratio, 0.23 (±0.02). After single oral doses, t1/2β (3.8±0.2 h) tended to be smaller than after the IV dose, and actual systemic availability (0.60±0.07) was less than that based on the predicted extraction ratio. During multiple oral dosage (80 mg every 12 h), observed steady state serum levels (47±5 ng/ml) tended to be less than those predicted based on the single oral dose (61±5 ng/ml), thus providing no evidence for reduced propranolol clearance at steady-state. Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular performance (posterior wall velocity, diastolic dimensions) made during the single-dose oral study indicated significant impairment of function; impairment was maximal at 3 h post-dosage, and corresponded to the time of the peak serum propranolol concentration (341 ng/ml).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 213-224 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The onset and duration of action of benzodiazepines after single oral doses depend largely on absorption rate and the rate and extent of distrubion. The rate and extent of accumulation during multiple dosage depend on elimination half-life and clearance. A framework is proposed for classification of benzodiazepines according to elimination half-life. Long acting benzodiazepines have half-life values usually exceeding 24 h. Drugs in this category have long-acting pharmacologically active metabolites, often desmethyldiazepam, accumulate extensively during multiple dosage, and may have impaired clearance in the elderly and those with liver disease. Intermediate and short-acting benzodiazepines have half-life values from 5–24 h and active metabolites are uncommon. Accumulation during multiple dosage is less extensive than with the long-acting group and diminishes as the half-life becomes shorter. Age and liver disease have a small influence on metabolic clearance. The half-life of ultrashort-acting benzodiazepines is less than 5 h. These drugs are essentially non-accumulating. Pharmacokinetic classification may assist in understanding differences among benzodiazepines, but does not explain all of their clinical actions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Clorazepate dipotassium ; Desmethyldiazepam ; Pharmacokinetics ; Bioavailability ; Intramuscular injection ; Dikalium-Clorazepat ; Desmethyldiazepam ; Pharmakokinetik ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; intramuskuläre Injektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 17 gesunden Versuchspersonen im Alter von 21–66 Jahren wurden Pharmakokinetik und biologische Verfügbarkeit von Desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) nach Gabe von Dikalium-Clorazepat (DCP) bestimmt. Die kinetischen Variablen für DMDZ nach Gabe einer einmaligen intravenösen 20 mg Dosis von DCP lauten: Verteilungsvolumen 1,24 l/kg; Eliminationshalbwertzeit 65 h; totale Clearance 0,24 ml/min/kg Körpergewicht. Bei den männlichen Versuchspersonen ließ sich eine Tendenz der Zunahme der DMDZ-Halbwertzeiten mit höherem Alter erkennen; eine entsprechende Altersabhängigkeit traf für die weiblichen Versuchspersonen nicht zu. Nach oraler Gabe von 20 mg DCP ließ sich DMDZ rasch im Blut nachweisen; der mittlere maximale Plasmaspiegel von 356 ng/ml wurde 0,9 h nach Applikation gemessen. Im Vergleich zur intravenösen Injektion ergab sich für DMDZ eine systemische Bioverfügbarkeit von 100%. 10 der Versuchspersonen erhielten außerdem eine einmalige intramuskuläre Gabe von 20 mg DCP. Die mittleren maximalen DMDZ-Spiegel lagen bei 290 ng/ml, gemessen im Mittel 2,7 h nach der Injektion. Auch nach intramuskulärer Gabe war die biologische Verfügbarkeit von DMDZ vollständig. Bemerkenswert war die von der Applikationsart unabhängige Beständigkeit der individuellen Halbwertzeiten.
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ), formed from its precursor clorazepate (CZP) dipotassium, were assessed in a series of 17 healthy volunteers aged 21–66 years. After a single 20-mg intravenous dose of CZP, mean kinetic variables for DMDZ were: volume of distribution, 1.24 l/kg; elimination half-life, 65 h; total clearance, 0.24 ml/min/kg. Among males, DMDZ half-life tended to be prolonged and clearance reduced with age, but this was not true for females. After oral administration of 20 mg CZP, appearance of DMDZ in the circulation was rapid; the mean peak plasma level was 356 ng/ml, reached an average of 0.9 h after dosage. Based on comparison with IV dosage, systemic availability of DMDZ was complete (100% absorption). Ten of the subjects also received a single 20-mg intramuscular dose of CZP. Mean peak DMDZ levels were 290 ng/ml, reaching an average of 2.7 h after dosage. Systemic availability of DMDZ was complete. Elimination half-life of DMDZ for a given individual was highly replicable from trial to trial regardless of the route of CZP administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 57 (1985), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 59 (1986), S. 146-149 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Progesterone ; Growth ; Monooxygenases ; Rat liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Female Wistar rats were treated with various doses of progesterone orally via the diet or via the SC route. Oral treatment resulted in enhanced progesterone levels in the liver as measured by radioimmunoassay. There were up to 3-fold increases in activity of ethylmorphine demethylation by isolated microsomes; metabolism of aminopyrine and benzphetamine was less enhanced, that of aniline and P-nitroanisol showed no distinct increases. Progesterone also caused increases in liver size and total liver protein by up to 50%; total liver DNA showed only slight, insignificant increments. These studies suggest that hepatic effects of progesterone are similar to those previously described with synthetic steroids such as pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and cyproterone acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 9 (1976), S. 307-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.82
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mode launching on a symmetrical multimode slab-waveguide by a plane wave incident onto the front side of the guide is investigated theoretically and experimentally. A single plane wave always excites a whole set of modes. Among these are, in general, three adjacent modesm-1, m, m+1 which are excited most strongly. The relative power launched into these modes is approximately given by the ratio 0.4:1:0.4. The theoretical results are confirmed by qualitative observations of the far-field mode patterns. In the far field the modes are separated by using a wedge-type waveguide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 235-238 (Oct. 1996), p. 355-360 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part C, 34 (1989), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1359-0197
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part C, 36 (1990), S. 227-231 
    ISSN: 1359-0197
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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