Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary lead as a possible surrogate of blood lead among workers occupationally exposed to lead (1999)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 516-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological monitoring ; Blood lead ; Urinary lead
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether lead (Pb) in urine (Pb-U) can be a valid surrogate of lead in blood (Pb-B), the traditional biomarker of exposure to lead in occupational health. Methods: Blood and spot urine samples were collected from 258 workers of both sexes occupationally exposed to lead. The samples were analyzed for lead by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the correlation between Pb-B and Pb-U was examined by linear regression analysis before and after logarithmic conversion. Results: The correlation coefficient (0.824; P 〈 0.01) was largest when the relationship between Pb-B and Pb-U was examined with 214 cases of one sex (i.e., men) after Pb-U was corrected for a specific gravity (1.016) of urine (Pb-Usg) and both Pb-B and Pb-Usg were converted to logarithms. The geometric means (GMs) of Pb-B and Pb-Usg for the 214 men were 489 μg/l and 81 μg/l, respectively. When Pb-Usg was assumed to be 100 μg/l in this set of correlations, the 95% confidence range of Pb-B for the group mean was narrow, i.e., 543–575 μg/l (with GM of 559 μg/l), whereas that for individual Pb-B values was as wide as 355–881 μg/l. Conclusions: The correlation of Pb-U with Pb-B among workers occupationally exposed to Pb was close enough to suggest that Pb-U may be a good alternative to Pb-B on a group basis, but not close enough to allow Pb-U to predict Pb-B on an individual basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050409
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further reduction in lead exposure in women in general populations in Japan in the 1990s, and comparison with levels in east and south-east Asia (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Environmental exposure ; Japanese women ; Lead ; Dietary exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to elucidate the current level of environmental lead (Pb) exposure of women in general population in Japan, where the use of organic Pb in automobile gasoline was phased out from 1973 to reach a zero level early in the 1980s. Methods: A survey was conducted in 27 sites throughout Japan from 1991 to 1997. Five hundred and eighty-eight non-smoking women from the sites offered 24-h food duplicate, peripheral blood, and spot urine samples. Pb in food duplicates (Pb-F), blood (Pb-B), and urine (Pb-U) were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results of Pb-F and Pb-B were compared with observations from a study conducted from 1977 to 1981 on 339 women at the same sites. Log-normal distribution was assumed for the evaluation of the results. Results: Geometric means (GMs) of Pb-F, Pb-B, and Pb-U in the 1991–1997 study were 9.0 μg/day, 20.2 μg/l, and 2.18 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The values for Pb-F and Pb-B were substantially lower than the values (32.8 μg/day for Pb-F and 31.7 μg/l for Pb-B) obtained in the 1977–1981 study, which were already low when compared internationally. Cd-U values in the period from 1991 to 1997 also appeared to be among the lowest in the world. Analysis for time-dependent changes in Pb-U was, however, not possible at the time of this study because no values were available for the period from 1977 to 1981. Conclusions: Substantial reductions from 1977–1981 levels in environmental Pb exposure were observed among the study populations in Japan. Current exposure levels appear to be lower than those in other parts of Asia, the USA, and Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050013
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium exposure of women in general populations in Japan during 1991–1997 compared with 1977–1981 (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 26-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium environmental exposure ; Food ; Japanese women ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The Japanese people are known to have high environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd). The present survey was initiated to elucidate possible changes in the intensity of Cd exposure to the population by comparison of the present exposure level with the situation some 15 years ago. Methods: During 1991–1997, 24-h food-duplicate samples, peripheral blood specimens and morning spot urine samples were collected from 588 non smoking women from 27 survey sites in six regions, where food-duplicate and blood samples had also been obtained during 1977–1981 from 399 women. The samples were wet-ashed (after homogenization in the case of food-duplicates), and Cd in the wet-ashed samples was analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Cd intake via foods (Cd-F), Cd concentration in blood (Cd-B) and Cd concentration in urine (Cd-U). The Cd-F and Cd-B were compared with the Cd-F and Cd-B obtained at the same sites in the 1977–1981 survey. Results: The exposure levels during 1991–1997 were such that Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-Ucr (Cd–U after correction for creatinine concentration) were 25.5 μg/day, 1.90 μg/l and 4.39 μg/g creatinine. Comparison with the 1977–1981 survey results (i.e., 37.5 μg/day for Cd-F and 3.47 μg/l for Cd-B) showed that there were significant reductions (by 32 and 45%) in both parameters respectively during the last 15 years. The dietary route was an almost exclusive (i.e., 99% of the sum of dietary and respiratory uptake) route of Cd uptake, of which Cd in rice (11.7 μg/day) contributed about 40% of the total dietary intake. When compared among survey sites, inter-site variation in dietary Cd intake was primarily due to differences in the intake through boiled rice. Despite the recent reduction in Cd exposure, the current exposure level for Japanese people is still higher than the levels among other rice-dependent populations in Asia as well as in other parts of the world. Comparison was made between the present findings in general populations and observations among known Cd-pollution cases in Japan. Conclusions: Dietary uptake is an almost exclusive route of Cd exposure in the general Japanese population. Boiled rice is a strong determinant of variation in dietary Cd intake. Whereas there was a substantial reduction in Cd exposure among Japanese populations in the last 15 years, the current level is still high when compared internationally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007934
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal liver function in women in the general Japanese population subjected to environmental exposure to cadmium at various levels (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Liver function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Whereas it is well established that environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce kidney dysfunction, less attention has been paid to the possible disturbance of liver function by Cd exposure. The possibility that liver function is adversely affected by current levels of environmental exposure to Cd as investigated in women in the general population in Japan, where the background level of exposure to Cd is known to be high. Methods: From 1991 to 1997, 24-h food duplicate, peripheral blood and morning spot urine samples were collected from 607 non-smoking and non-habitually drinking women (age range 19–78 years) at 30 survey sites (with no known environmental pollution from heavy metals) throughout Japan. Liver function parameters in serum were examined by conventional methods. After wet-ashing, the food duplicate, blood and urine samples were analyzed for Cd intake via food (Cd-F), Cd in blood (Cd-B), and Cd in urine (Cd-U) by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: The geometric mean values for Cd-F, Cd-B, and Cd-U were 24.7 (27.1) μg/day, 1.76 (2.07) μg/l, and 3.94 (4.61) μg/g creatinine (values in parentheses for 41- to 60 year-old women), respectively. It as found that the three parameters of ALP, ALT, and AST activity were positively and significantly related to the age of the subjects (whereas no association as detected in cases of γ-GTP, LAP, and albumin). Accordingly, a further analysis as made with 367 women selected by age (41–60 years; about 60% of the total population). Essentially, no Cd dose-dependent changes in liver function parameters were observed in the selected population of this narrower age range. Conclusions: Overall, it seemed prudent to conclude that liver function as not disturbed by the current environmental exposure to Cd in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007943
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible effects of environmental cadmium exposure on kidney function in the Japanese general population (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Food ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To examine whether the current level of environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is associated with kidney dysfunction among general populations in Japan. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted in Japan from 1991 to 1997 at 30 survey sites (with no known environmental heavy metal pollution), by the collection of 24-h food-duplicate samples, peripheral blood specimens and morning spot urine samples. In practice, 607 non-smoking adult women provided these samples. After being wet-ashed, the samples were analyzed for Cd in food duplicates (Cd-F), in blood (Cd-B) and urine (Cd-U) by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Urine samples were also analyzed for α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), creatinine (cr) and specific gravity. Possible tubular dysfunction in association with Cd exposure was examined by simple, multiple and logistic regression analyses, and comparison among three different Cd-dose groups. To minimize the confounding effects of aging, 367 women from 41 to 60 years old were selected and subjected to the same statistical analyses. Results: The analysis of a whole population of 607 women showed that α1-MG and possibly β2-MG increased as a function of Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-U. When the analysis was repeated with the selected population of 367 women aged 41–60, the Cd dose-dependent changes in α1-MG and β2-MG became less evident. The distribution of the selected population with α1-MG above two low cut-off values of 〉4.9 and 〉8.4 mg/g cr or with β2-MG above the lowest cut-off value of 〉400 μg/g cr, was biased toward the group with higher Cd-Ucr, but such bias was not significant for both α1-MG and β2-MG when higher cut-off values were employed. No bias was detected with RBP. Logistic regression analysis with α1-MG, β2-MG and RBP (with cut-off values given above) in combination with age, Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-Ucr gave essentially the same results. Conclusions: The evidence for kidney dysfunction was of borderline significance in the present study population for which geometric mean Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-U were 24.7 μg/day, 1.76 μg/l, and 3.94 μg/g cr, respectively. The findings might suggest at the same time that the safety margin is small for the Japanese general population regarding environmental Cd exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007933
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between urine and blood concentrations, and dietary intake of cadmium and lead among women in the general population of Japan (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Food ; Lead ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine whether lead (Pb) in urine and cadmium (Cd) in blood, especially the former, can be used as markers of environmental exposure of general populations to these metals. Methods: Between 1991 and 1998, spot urine and peripheral blood samples, together with 24 h duplicates of food intake were collected from 607 non-smoking adult women in 30 survey sites (SS) in seven administrative regions all over Japan. Urine, blood and food duplicate samples were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry, for Cd and Pb in urine (Cd-U and Pb-U), in blood (Cd-B and Pb-B) and in food duplicates (Cd-F and Pb-F). Correlation between the measurements was examined by regression analysis. Results: The Cd-B correlated closely with Cd-U, and both Cd-B and Cd-U with Cd-F, on an individual basis (n = 607), on an SS basis (n = 30) and on a regional basis (n = 7). The Pb-U however did not correlate with Pb-B on a regional basis although they correlated with each other when analyzed on an individual as well as SS basis. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between Pb-U and Pb-B were much smaller than those between Cd-U and Cd-B. Neither Pb-U nor Pb-B showed significant correlation with Pb-F on any levels of statistical analysis. Conclusions: Both Cd-B and Cd-U can be employed as biomarkers of environmental Cd exposure. The reliability of Pb-U for use in place of Pb-B appeared to be small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050023
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of occupational exposure to tetrachloroethene by analysis for unmetabolized tetrachloroethene in blood and urine in comparison with urinalysis for trichloroacetic acid (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Biological monitoring ; Blood analysis ; Diffusive sampling ; Head-space GC ; Tetrachloroethene ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The present study was initiated to examine a quantitative relationship between tetrachloroethene (TETRA) in blood and urine with TETRA in air, and to compare TETRA in blood or urine with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in urine as exposure markers. Methods: In total, 44 workers (exposed to TETRA during automated, continuous cloth-degreasing operations), and ten non-exposed subjects volunteered to participate in the study. The exposure to vapor was monitored by diffusive sampling. The amounts of TETRA and TCA in end-of-shift blood and urine samples were measured by either head-space gas chromatography (HS-GC) or automated methylation followed by HS-GC. The correlation was examined by regression analysis. Results: The maximum time-weighted average (TWA) concentration for TETRA-exposure was 46 ppm. Regression analysis for correlation of TETRA in blood, TETRA in urine and TCA in urine, with TETRA in air, showed that the coefficient was largest for the correlation between TETRA in air and TETRA in blood. The TETRA in blood, in urine and in air correlated mutually, whereas TCA in urine correlated more closely with TETRA in blood than with TETRA in urine. The TCA values determined by colorimetry and by the GC method were very similar. The biological marker levels at a hypothetical exposure of 25 ppm TETRA were substantially higher in the present study than were the levels reported in the literature. Possible reasons are discussed. Conclusions: Blood TETRA is the best marker of occupational exposure to TETRA, being superior to the traditional marker, urinary TCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050421
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible metabolic interaction between hexane and other solvents co-exposed at sub-occupational exposure limit levels (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Acetone ; Biological monitoring ; Hexane ; 2 ; 5-Hexanedione ; Toluene ; Ethyl acetate ; Urinalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate whether metabolic interactions exist between hexane (HEX) and other solvents when co-exposed at the levels below occupational exposure limits. Methods: Workers, 219 men in ten workshops in total, volunteered to participate in the study. They were occupationally exposed to mixtures of HEX and one or more of toluene (TOL), ethyl acetate (EA) and acetone (ACE). Time-weighted average intensity of vapor exposures was monitored by diffusive personal sampling. `Free'- and `total'-2,5-hexanedione (HD) levels in the end-of-shift urine samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) before and after acid hydrolysis of urine, respectively, and expressed as observed (HDob) or after correction for creatinine concentration (HDcr) or urine specific gravity (HDsg). Possible interaction was examined by multiple regression analysis (MRA), taking either free- or total-HD as a dependent variable, and the four solvent concentrations as independent variables. Results: In most cases, exposure intensity did not exceed the current occupational exposure limits even when additiveness was assumed. In addition that HEX was the most influential independent variable in all cases as expected, the MRA showed that, in cases of free-HD, ACE was also influential to HDob although weakly, but not to HDcr or HDsg. With regard to total-HD, ACE was weakly influential to HDob and HDsg, and EA also weakly to HDcr. The effect of ACE on free- or total-HD was not detected, however, when 22 men exposed only to HEX and ACE were subjected to the same analysis. Similarly, the effect of EA on total-HD was not observed among the remaining 197 men exposed to HEX, TOL and EA only. Conclusions: When the exposures were below occupational exposure limits, the free-HD levels in urine after HEX exposure will not be modified by co-exposures to TOL, EA or ACE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200000165
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...