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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in urinaryn-hexane metabolites by co-exposure to various concentrations of methyl ethyl ketone and fixedn-hexane levels (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: n-Hexane ; Urinary metabolites ; Mixed exposure ; MEK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To make clear how then-hexane metabolism is modified by co-exposure with MEK, rats were exposed to various concentrations of MEK mixed with a fixed concentration ofn-hexane. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups. Each group was exposed for 8 h to 2000 ppmn-hexane, 2000 ppmn-hexane plus 200 ppm MEK, 2000 ppmn-hexane plus 630 ppm MEK and 2000 ppmn-hexane plus 2000 ppm MEK, respectively. Free metabolites and the sum of free and conjugated metabolites ofn-hexane were analyzed by gas chromatography. The main metabolite was 2-hexanol during the exposure and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) after the exposure in any group. The main metabolites, 2-hexanol and 2,5 HD, decreased in iverse proportion to the co-exposed MEK concentrations. The results suggest that augmentation ofn-hexane neurotoxicity by MEK co-exposure could not be explained only by 2,5-HD. In addition, 2,5-HD is recommended as an index for biological monitoring ofn-hexane exposure. However, one should be careful to evaluate the exposedn-hexane concentration by urinary 2,5-HD, becausen-hexane metabolism could be largely modified by co-exposure with MEK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of metabolism and neurotoxicity of hexane by co-exposure of toluene (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. S227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Co-exposure ; Hexane ; 2,5-Hexanedione ; Toluene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of co-exposure of hexane and toluene were investigated in field surveys and animal experiments. One field survey suggested that increase of hexane content in adhesives might have caused an outbreak of polyneuropathy in a vinyl sandal manufacture in Japan. The animal experiments proved that co-exposure of hexane and toluene decrease hexane neurotoxicity and urinary excretion of hexane metabolites in rats. The results also suggested that toluene might inhibit metabolism of hexane. Another recent field survey indicated that the ratio of urinary 2,5-hexanedione to hexane exposure in the workers co-exposed to hexane and toluene decreased in parallel with in more crease of toluene concentration. The results indicated that urinary excretion of 2,5-hexanedione could be depressed by co-exposure of toluene even in the workers exposed to relatively low concentrations. These above-mentioned results suggest that co-exposure of hexane and toluene could inhibit hexane metabolism and decrease hexane neurotoxicity in both experimental animals and workers. Although metabolism of hexane could be easily modified by toluene or other solvents and might not be a good indicator for hexane exposure in mixed exposure, urinary 2,5-hexanedione might be a good indicator for neurotoxicity of hexane even in mixed exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381347
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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