Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 99 (1977), S. 6120-6122 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 99 (1977), S. 6122-6124 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuropsychology review 1 (1990), S. 281-321 
    ISSN: 1573-6660
    Keywords: episodic memory ; semantic memory ; neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The evidence for discrete neurobiological mechanisms that underlie episodic and semantic memory is reviewed. Published data from three separate lines of research are considered: studies of human amnesic patients, psychopharmacological studies of normal human subjects, and studies of working and reference memory in rodents, a distinction that is arguably analogous to the episodic/semantic dichotomy. It is concluded that the available evidence does not indicate that episodic and semantic memory are mediated by discrete neural subsystems. An alternative model of human memory is discussed, based on the concept of parallel distributed processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Multistep, Reversible Redox Systems, XXXIII. - Reversible Transformation of a [4]Radialene into a Cyclobutadiene by Electron Transfer in Four StepsTetrapyridylcyclobutane 1 forms with chloroformate after deprotonation the red [4]radialene derivative 2aREDc which is oxidized by AgBF4 to the blue “squaric acid” derivative 2aOXc ≡ REDa, possessing cyanine type structure. The radialene 2aREDc constitutes the lowest oxidation level of a four-step, reversible redox system which allows for the first time to carry out electrochemically the reversible transformation [4]radialene ⇄ cyclobutadiene (here: 2aOXa). The redox properties of the system 2a (〉N-CO2Et) are compared with that of 2b (〉N-Me). The influence of the pyridinium substituents on the redox potentials is estimated by comparison with the model compounds 5a and 5b. From the conversion 2aSEMa → 2aOXa + e an antiaromatization energy of ca. 12 kcal/mol = 50 kJ/mol is derived. This value and the method employed is compared with those in the literature. Finally, the redox properties of the related [4]radialenes 2a, 2b, 9, and 10 are discussed, covering a 3.50 V range of potentials.
    Notes: Aus Tetrapyridylcyclobutan 1 und Chlorameisensäureester entsteht unter Deprotonierung das rote [4]Radialenderivat 2aREDc, das sich mit AgBF4, zum blauen, cyaninartigen “Quadratsäure”. Derivat 2aOXc ≡ REDa oxidieren läßt. 2aREDc ist das Endglied eines vierstufigen, reversiblen Redoxsystems, mit dem erstmals die Umwandlung [4]Radialen ⇄ Cyclobutadien (hier 2aOXa) elektrochemisch möglich ist. Das Redoxverhalten des Systems 2a (〉N-CO2Et) wird mit dem von 2b (〉N-Me) verglichen. Durch Abschätzung des Einflusses der Pyridinium-Substituenten auf die Potentiallage anhand der Modelle 5a und 5b wird aus dem Übergang 2aSEMa → 2aOXa + e die Antiaromatisierungsenergie dieses Cyclobutadiens zu ca. 12 kcal/mol = 50 kJ/mol abgeschätzt. Dieser Wert und die angewandte Methode werden mit Literaturergebnissen verglichen. Schließlich wird das Redoxverhalten der verwandten Radialene 2a, 2b, 9 und 10 diskutiert, das einen Potentialbereich von 3.50 V umfaßt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Multistep, Reversible Redox Systems, XXXII. - Pyridyl-substituted Cyclobutane Derivatives: Syntheses and Redox Reactions of Cyanines, Cyclobutenes, and their Ring Opening ProductsBis(pyridinio)cyclobutanes 1 and 3 are transformed by air oxidation in basic media to give the blue cyanines 2 and 4. Methylation of 4 yields the cyanine 6 which also results from oxidative deprotonation of tetrakis(pyridinio)cyclobutane 5. In solutions of sodium ethanolate the cyanine 6 equilibrates with the “squaric acid” derivative 14. Protonation of 6 produces the cyclobutene cis-13 which changes into trans-13 on base catalysis. Electrocyclic ring opening transforms cis-13 stereoselectively into the butadiene Z,E-15 (t1/2 ≈ 75 min, 60°C, DMSO) and tans-13 into Z,Z-15 (t1/2 ≈ 6h, 30°C, DMSO). Finally, the most stable isomer E,E-15 is formed from Z,Z-15 by redox catalysis. - The cyanines 4, 6 and 14 are electrochemically reversibly reduced in two steps, but undergo only one-electron oxidations. The cyanine 13 is a typical two-step redox system, comparable to its open-chain analogue 16. The butadienes Z,Z-15 and E,E-15 represent other examples of very rare four-step redox systems. The effect of pyridinium groups on the redox properties of 4, 6, and 13-15 is discussed.
    Notes: Die Bis(pyridinium)cyclobutane 1 und 3 gehen im basischen Medium durch Luftoxidation in die blauen Cyanine 2 und 4 über. Methylierung von 4 führt zum Cyanin 6, das sich auch aus dem Tetrakis(pyridinium)cyclobutan 5 durch oxidative Deprotonierung bildet. 6 steht in einer Natriumethanolat-Lösung mit dem “Quadratsäurederivat” 14 im Gleichgewicht. Durch Protonierung entsteht aus 6 das Cyclobuten cis-13, das basenkatalysiert in trans-13 übergeht. Elektrocyclische Ringöffnung verwandelt stereoselektiv cis-13 in das Butadien Z,E-15 (t1/2 ≈ 75 min, 60°C, DMSO) und trans-13 in Z,Z-15 (t1/2 ≈ 6 h, 30°C, DMSO). Unter Redoxkatalyse entsteht aus Z,Z-15 schließlich das stabilste Isomere E,E-15. - Die Cyanine 4, 6 und 14 sind elektrochemisch zweistufig reversibel reduzierbar, aber nur einstufig oxidierbar. 13 ist ein typisches zweistufiges Redoxsystem, vergleichbar mit seinem offenkettigen Analogen 16. Die Butadiene Z,Z-15 und E,E-15 stellen weitere Beispiele für die seltenen vierstufigen Redoxsysteme dar. Der Einfluß der Pyridiniumgruppen auf das Redoxverhalten von 4, 6 und 13-15 wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 1183-1210 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyridyl-substituted Cyclobutanes via Photodimerisation of AzastilbenesMono- and diazastilbenes A1-A9 as well as their mono- and dihydro- or -alkyl quaternary salts are irradiated (UV). Mono salts are smoothly converted into cyclobutanes C in crystalline state and/or in solution. The free bases A or their bis salts, reacting in solution only, form partly or exclusively different products. Their structures together with the constitutions and configurations of the cyclobutanes A are elucidated. Results from the literature are partly confirmed and partly corrected.
    Notes: Die Mono- und Diazastilbene A1-A9 werden, auch als ihre Mono- und Dihydro- oder -alkyl-Quartärsalze, mit UV-Licht bestrahlt. Die Monosalze werden im Kristall und/oder in Lösung glatt zu Cyclobutanen C dimerisiert. Die freien Basen A oder ihre Bis-Salze, die nur in Lösung reagieren, bilden teilweise oder vollständig andere Produkte. Deren Struktur, sowie die Konstitution und Konfiguration von C1-C9 werden aufgeklärt. Literaturergebnisse werden teils bestätigt, teils korrigiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Two-Step Redox Systems, XXXI,-Pyridyl-substituted Cyclobutanes: Reversible Conversion of 1,3-Bismethylenecyclobutanes into Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanesThe syntheses of 1,3-bismethylenecyclobutanes 1a-1i and of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyliden)ethanes 6 (models for 1) are described. Chemical oxidation transforms 1a-1d into the bicyclo[1.1.07]-butanes 2a-2d which were isolated and shown to revert on reduction to 1a-1d. The cyclobutanes 1a-1i and 2a-2d form a reversible redox system 1 ⇄ 2 involving two irreversible electrode processes and are connected through two (valence tautomeric?) radical cations as part of an ECE mechanism. For the 1 ⇄ 2 equilibrium the KSem is estimated to be 10-11, whereas for 6 ⇄ 8 the KSem is 1.1 · 103. Redox potentials and UV spectra demonstrate that the 1,3-interaction in 1 involves ground state (HOMO) stabilization, whereas in 2 the LUMO energy is lowered by the pyridinium substituents. The energy diagram (Scheme 2) compares the magnitude of these effects with appropriate models which do not possess such extra stabilizations. A qualitative frontier orbital model is presented (Fig. 5) to rationalize the unexpected finding that enlargement of the dihedral angle in the bicyclobutane moiety causes hypsochromic or bathochromic shifts depending on the 1,3-substituents. The new bicyclobutanes 2a and 2c isomerize stereoselectively into the butadienes 15 and 16 already at 407deg;C. On photolysis 2a is converted into the cyclobutene 19
    Notes: Die Synthesen der 1,3-Bismethylencyclobutane 1a-1i sowie der 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyliden)ethane 6 (Modelle für 1) werden beschrieben. 1a-1d lassen sich chemisch zu den isolierten Bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanen 2a-2d oxidieren. Reduktion verwandelt 2a-2d in 1a-1d zurück. Voltammetrisch bilden 1a-1i sowie 2a-2d über zwei irreversible Elektrodenprozesse das reversible Redoxsystem 1 ⇄ 2. Die Verbindungen 1 und 2 sind durch zwei valenzisomere (?) Radikal-lonen in einem ECE-Mechanismus verbunden. Für 1 ⇄ 2 berechnet sich KSem zu ca. 10-11, für das Modell 6 ⇄ 8 hingegen zu 1.1 · 103. Über Redoxpotentiale und UV-Spektren wird für 1 eine 1,3-Wechselwirkung mit Stabilisierung des Grundzustandes (HOMO) nachgewiesen, während in 2 das LUMO durch die Pyridinium-Substituenten abgesenkt wird. Das Energieschema (Schema 2) zeigt die Größe der Effekte gegenüber den stabilisierungsfreien Modellen. Der Befund, daß eine Aufweitung des Diederwinkels im Bicyclobutangerüst in Abhängigkeit von den 1,3-Substituenten hypsochrom oder bathochrom wirkt, wird mit einem qualitativen Frontorbitalmodell (Abb. 5) gedeutet. Die neuen Bicyclobutane 2a und 2b isomerisieren bereits bei 40°C stereoselektiv zu den Butadienen 15 und 16. Photochemisch öffnet sich in 2a die Brückenbindung zum Cyclobuten 19.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 1409-1422 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reductive Cycloreversions of Tetra(hetero)arylcyclobutanesTetraphenylcyclobutane (C1) and pyridyl(phenyl)cyclobutanes C2-C10 undergo rapid [σ2s + σ2s] cycloreversion on electrochemical reduction after acceptane of one electron. Also, ring opening to B10 after addition of two electrons is demonstrated for C10. The corresponding dipyridylethenes and styrylpyridines E2-E16 form either reversible two-step redox systems or are reduced irreversibly. In the latter case the primarily formed radical dimerizes (e. g. E6 → 6). Reductive and oxidative fissions of cyclobutanes, known from the literature, are discussed.
    Notes: Elektrochemische Reduktion des Tetraphenylcyclobutans (C1) und der Pyridyl(phenyl)cyclo-butane C2-C10 führt nach Aufnahme eines Elektrons zu rascher [σ2s + σ2s]-Cycloreversion. Für C10 wurde außerdem eine Ringöffnung zu B10 nach Aufnahme zweier Elektronen nachgewiesen. Die entsprechenden Dipyridylethylene und Styrylpyridine E2-E16 bilden entweder zweistufige, reversible Redoxsysteme oder werden irreversibel reduziert. Im letzteren Falle dimerisiert das zunächst entstehende Radikal (z. B. E6 → 6). Literaturbekannte reduktive und oxidative Ringspaltungen von Cyclobutanen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...