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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remarkable Depression of CD4+2H4+ T Cells in Severe Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to better understand the features of chronic active Epstein-Barr (EB) vims infection, we employed two-colour immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry analysis to study the lymphocyte phenotypes of two patients with severe symptoms of this disorder as well as four patients with mild symptoms. We found an increased number of activated T cells, as characterized by CD4+ la+, CD8+Ia+, or CD4+Tac+ phenotypes, and a markedly decreased CD4+2H4+ T cell subpopulation, previously characterized as a suppressor-inducer subset, in the patients with severe symptoms. In contrast, the four patients with mild symptoms showed only a slightly elevated number of activated T cells and a normal CD4+2H4+/CD4+ ratio. These phenotypic differences may suggesst heterogeneity in this disorder. Also, a failure in ihe suppressor-inducer population could contribute to changes in the host-virus relationship and the degree of the decrease in this population may correlate directly with ihe severity of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02315.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH-BASED ANALYSIS OF TWO-STEP CORROSION FATIGUE TESTS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method for the analysis of two-step fatigue level sequences is proposed and compared with experimental results. Two-step loading tests of the aluminum alloy 2017-T4 in 3% sodium chloride solution have been carried out in conjunction with a replica technique used to monitor the growth of fatigue cracks. Fatigue cracks were nucleated at corrosion pits 10–15 μm in size, and crack growth rather than crack initiation was found to take up the major portion of the fatigue lifetime in these tests. The results could therefore be analyzed on the basis of the following constitutive relation for fatigue crack growth. da/dN=A(ΔKeff-ΔKeffth)2This analysis was simplified since the influence of transients in the crack growth rate induced upon change in load level was found to be minimal. The approach provides a rational basis for dealing with load-sequence effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00857.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S–N curve characteristics and subsurface crack initiation behaviour in ultra-long life fatigue of a high carbon-chromium bearing steel (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The S–N curve obtained from cantilever-type rotary bending fatigue tests using hour-glass-shaped specimens of high carbon-chromium bearing steel clearly distinguished the fracture modes into two groups each having a different crack origin. One was governed by crystal slip on the specimen surface, which occurred in the region of short fatigue life and a high stress amplitude level. The other was governed by a non-metallic inclusion at a subsurface level which occurred in the region of long fatigue life and low stress amplitude. The inclusion developed a fish-eye fracture mode that was distributed over a wide range of stress amplitude not only below the fatigue limit defined as the threshold for fracture due to the surface slip mode but also above the fatigue limit. This remarkable shape of the S–N curve was different from the step-wise one reported in previous literature and is characterized as a duplex S–N curve composed of two different S–N curves corresponding to the respective fracture modes. From detailed observations of the fracture surface and the fatigue crack origin, the mechanisms for the internal fracture mode and the characteristics of the S–N curve are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00459.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the development of crack closure at high R levels after an overload (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In a 1999 paper it was asserted that crack closure cannot be of major importance in the mechanism of crack retardation following an overload, particularly since the authors found no evidence for crack closure at high R-values, although crack retardation was observed. In the present work, overload experiments were carried out at R = 0.5 and crack closure was observed. In addition, the rate of fatigue crack growth in both constant amplitude and overload tests was found to be a function of ΔKeff. It is concluded that crack closure is an important part of the retardation mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00545.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-course changes of ECL cell markers in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells are the major source of histamine for the regulation of gastric acid secretion, and also contain histidine decarboxylase (HDC), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and chromogranin A (CgA). Although gastric acid secretion is suppressed during ulcer healing, the role of ECL cells in that process is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the changes in ECL cell number during healing of experimental ulcers in rats.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Materials and methods:Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were used. Acetic acid-induced ulcers were caused by an application of 100% acetic acid to the serosal surface of the rat stomachs. At different time points following the induction (12 h-15 days), time-course changes of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA mRNA expression were investigated by Northern blot analysis. The expressions of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA were immunostained on gastric mucosal sections with ulcers.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:HDC, VMAT2, and CgA mRNA in gastric mucosa each showed an initial marked transient decrease, followed by an increase on day 10 back to the initial value. HDC, VMAT2, and CgA-immunoreactive cells at the ulcer margin were reduced in number on day 3, compared with those in distant areas. On day 10, however, they returned to levels similar to those in distant areas.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The present study revealed a local down-regulation of HDC, VMAT2, and CgA in ECL cells at the ulcer margin. As a result, we concluded that a suppression of ECL cell activity during ulcer healing may be involved in suppressed gastric acid secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s2.10.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of ecabet sodium for Helicobacter pylori eradication triple therapy in comparison with a lansoprazole-based regimen (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : The cytoprotective agent, ecabet sodium, inhibits urease activity and growth of Helicobacter pylori.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ecabet sodium-based eradication of H. pylori infection, compared with a lansoprazole-based regimen, in a randomized multicentre study.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Subjects and methods: A total of 120 H. pylori-positive patients were assigned to one of two treatment regimens for 2 weeks: ecabet sodium 1 g b.d., amoxicillin 500 mg t.d.s. and clarithromycin 400 mg b.d. (EAC: 60 patients); or lansoprazole 30 mg (o.m.) with the same antimicrobial agents (LAC: 60 patients). Cure of infection was assessed by a 13C-urea breath test 1 month after completion of treatment.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: One patient in the EAC group and two in the LAC group did not complete therapy because of an adverse event, and three did not undergo the 13C-urea breath test. Cure rates for the intention-to-treat, all-patients-treated and per protocol analysis in the EAC group were 85%, 86% and 88%, respectively, whereas those in the LAC group were 85%, 88% and 91%. There were no significant differences in cure rate or adverse events between the two regimens.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: Ecabet sodium in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin is as effective as lansoprazole-based eradication therapy for H. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01022.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYP2C19 genotype status and intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CYP2C19 has an important role in the catabolism of several proton pump inhibitors. However, the relative contribution of CYP2C19-mediated metabolism varies among the different proton pump inhibitors.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To determine the effect of CYP2C19 genotype status on intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Subjects and methods:The subjects were 20 male volunteers without Helicobacter pylori infection. Their CYP2C19 genotype status was determined by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Twenty-four-hour monitoring of intragastric acidity was performed three times: once without medication, once on the last day of a 7-day course of rabeprazole, and once on the last day of a 7-day course of lansoprazole.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their CYP2C19 genotype status: homozygous extensive metabolizers (homo-EMs, n=7), heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetero-EMs, n=9), and poor metabolizers (PMs, n=4). The median pH during rabeprazole administration was not influenced by CYP2C19 genotype. On the other hand, the median pH in PMs during lansoprazole dosing was higher than in homo-EMs and hetero-EMs. The percentage of time with pH 〈 4.0 had a similar tendency to that of median pH.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:CYP2C19 genotype status influences gastric acid suppression by lansoprazole, but not by rabeprazole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00840.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barrett's oesophagus with predominant intestinal metaplasia correlates with superficial cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression, increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis: changes that are partially reversed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs usage (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression has been reported to play an important role in the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in Barrett's oesophagus. However, the existence of cyclo-oxygenase-2 expressing cells in Barrett's epithelium is still uncertain.Aim : To identify the cells that express cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein and to investigate the relationship between cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and mucin-phenotype of Barrett's epithelium.Methods : Sections from 466 biopsy samples of Barrett's epithelium from 358 non-medicated patients were immunohistochemically examined for the cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression, mucin-phenotype, cell proliferation and apoptosis.Results : Cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was detected in 71.0% of Barrett's epithelium biopsy samples. In Barrett's epithelium with the gastric predominant mucin-phenotype, cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression was mainly found in stromal and deep epithelial cells, whereas in intestinal predominant mucin-phenotype, it was mostly in superficial epithelial cell. A significant elevation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen index and suppression of apoptotic index was observed in Barrett's epithelium with superficial epithelial cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. Neither such elevation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen index nor the suppression of apoptotic index could be found in chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs users.Conclusions : Barrett's epithelium with intestinal mucin and superficial epithelial cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression possess a higher proliferation potential, but this risk may be thwarted by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02195.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of midkine and receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)-β genes in the rat stomach and the influence of rebamipide (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Midkine has been reported to bind to receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)-β and to play important roles in growth and differentiation of various cells. Midkine is expressed in rat stomach during experimental ulcer healing, suggesting that the midkine-RPTP-β system has some physiological functions in the stomach. Rebamipide is a mucoprotective drug used for the treatment of gastric ulcers. We have tested the hypothesis that the ulcer healing mechanism stimulated by rebamipide is linked physiologically to the gastric midkine-RPTP-β system.Materials and methods : Seven-week-old-male Wistar rats were used. Midkine and RPTP-β gene expression in rat stomach was investigated by laser capture microdissection coupled with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of rebamipide on midkine and RPTP-β expression in rat stomach and the gastric epithelial cell line RGM1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses.Results : Midkine and RPTP-β expression was detected in the gastric mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers. Rebamipide stimulated both midkine and RPTP-β expression in rat stomach and RGM1 cells.Conclusion : Rebamipide may protect the gastric mucosa by regulating midkine and RPTP-β expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.18.s1.12.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragastric distribution of Helicobacter pylori during short-term omeprazole therapy: study using Carnoy’s fixation and immunohistochemistry for detection of bacteria (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is controversy about the effect of acid-suppressive therapy on Helicobacter pylori density and the severity of histological gastritis in the corpus.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To evaluate the precise distribution of H. pylori, both on the surface mucus cells and in the surface mucus gel layer, by using Carnoy’s fixation and immunostaining for the detection of bacteria.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:A total of 19 peptic ulcer patients with H. pylori infection were studied. All patients received a 6-week course of treatment with omeprazole (20 mg/day). Before and after the therapy, H. pylori density in Carnoy-fixed tissue sections was examined immunohistochemically. The effect of omeprazole therapy on the severity of gastritis was also evaluated.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: H. pylori density and the grade of gastritis significantly decreased in the antrum after omeprazole therapy. In the corpus, however, there were no significant changes in H. pylori density or the severity of gastritis after omeprazole therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:Carnoy’s fixation and immunostaining was found to be useful for the detection of H. pylori in the surface mucus gel layer as well as on the surface mucus cells in biopsy tissue sections. By using this method, H. pylori density decreased in the antrum, but remained unchanged in the corpus after a 6-week course of omeprazole therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01067.x
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