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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 6 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Crack closure in the near-crack-tip region has been considered to be an important contribution to the development of a crack-growth threshold for macroscopic cracks. Recent analytical work, however, has suggested that closure well back of the tip may be the controlling factor. In order to check on this possibility, material has been machined away far behind the crack tip in order to eliminate long-range closure. Removal of this material did not eliminate the threshold, but did lower the threshold level by approx. 10% for tests conducted on 6.3 mm-thick X7090-T6 powder metallurgy aluminum alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 26 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Murakami and Endo have used the 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:8756758X:FFE0636:FFE_0636_m102" location="equation/FFE_0636_m102.gif"/〉 parameter to successfully predict the endurance limits and the threshold levels for components, which contain small defects or cracks. The present paper uses a modified linear–elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach to examine the mechanistic basis for these correlations. The modifications include consideration of the endurance limit rather than the threshold level as a factor controlling fatigue crack growth in the very short crack growth range, consideration of elastic–plastic behaviour, and consideration of the role of crack closure in the wake of a newly formed crack. Predictions based upon the modified LEFM behaviour are found to be consistent with the earlier predictions of Murakami and Endo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In a 1999 paper it was asserted that crack closure cannot be of major importance in the mechanism of crack retardation following an overload, particularly since the authors found no evidence for crack closure at high R-values, although crack retardation was observed. In the present work, overload experiments were carried out at R = 0.5 and crack closure was observed. In addition, the rate of fatigue crack growth in both constant amplitude and overload tests was found to be a function of ΔKeff. It is concluded that crack closure is an important part of the retardation mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It was found that duplex ferrite-martensite resulted in a significant increase in the fatigue threshold level together with an increase in yield strength. However, martensite cracking tends to induce cleavage cracks in ferrite grains under static and even cyclically repeated loads. Furthermore it causes a deterioration in (i) the tensile ductility, (ii) K1c and (iii) apparent resistance to fatigue crack propagation.This paper is concerned with finding the proper metallurgical control for providing desirable fracture properties. It was concluded that the improvement of resistance to fracture could be achieved by, (a) increasing the yield strength (hardness) of the martensite, (b) increasing and homogenizing the width of the martensite film formed between individual ferrite grains and (c) decreasing the ferrite grain size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Renewed interest in utilizing titanium at elevated temperature has led to the development of creep resistant near α-alloys. Present work is concerned with the fatigue crack growth characteristics of one such alloy, Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0·1Si, as a function of temperature, environment, and processing history. Increasing crack growth rates were observed in the order, vacuum (298K), vacuum (811K), air (298K), and air (811K). An empirical expression based upon crack opening displacement considerations was found to fit the crack growth data in all but the air (811K) test. The pronounced increase in growth rates in air at 811K, particularly at low ΔK, was caused by oxidation, whereas the increase in growth rates at 811K in vacuum was the result of a decrease in modulus. Processing variables and test frequency had little effect on crack growth rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method for the analysis of two-step fatigue level sequences is proposed and compared with experimental results. Two-step loading tests of the aluminum alloy 2017-T4 in 3% sodium chloride solution have been carried out in conjunction with a replica technique used to monitor the growth of fatigue cracks. Fatigue cracks were nucleated at corrosion pits 10–15 μm in size, and crack growth rather than crack initiation was found to take up the major portion of the fatigue lifetime in these tests. The results could therefore be analyzed on the basis of the following constitutive relation for fatigue crack growth. da/dN=A(ΔKeff-ΔKeffth)2This analysis was simplified since the influence of transients in the crack growth rate induced upon change in load level was found to be minimal. The approach provides a rational basis for dealing with load-sequence effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 13 (1977), S. 887-891 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 8 (1972), S. 209-219 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En recourant à une proportionlialité directe entre la vitesse de propagation des fissures de fatigue et le COD d'une valeur supérieure à un certain seuil, on démontre que les données de vitesse de propagation des fissures de fatigue relatives à des matériaux différents peuvent être exprimées de manière satisfaisante en fonction des propriétés mécaniques de ces matériaux et de deux constantes: une constante de proportionnalitéA et can facteur d'intensité de contraintesK th correspondant à un seuil critique. L'analyse numérique de quelques 65 séries de données d'essais de fatigue àR≅0 a permis de montrer que cette approche est applicable à des vitesses de propagation allant jusqu'à 10−4 pouces/cycle environ, c'est-à-dire une gamme de vitesses où la propagation de fissures est associée à la formation de cupules. On trouve que la constanteA pent être mise en relation avec la limite élastique dans le cas où la propagation s'effectue en milieu non agressif, et que cette constante s'accroit avec l'agressivité du milieu tandis que décroît la constanteK th. Ces modifications permettent d'apprécier la sévérité dun milieu ambiant. Dans un milieu non agressif, on montre que la vitesse de propagation est indépendante de la limite élastique, et qu'elle est proportionnelle au facteur d'intensité des contraintes excédant le seuil critique. En présentant les valeurs deA et deK th sous la forme de tables en fonction du matériau du milieu ambiant et des conditions de sollicitation, on dispose d'une approche pratique et systématique permettant d'estimer les vitesses de propagation des fissures de fatigue et de déterminer l'endurance résiduelle d'éléments de construction fissurés.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Unter Zuhilfenahme einer direkten Proportionalität zwischen der Rißfortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit von Ermudungsrissen und dem COD oberhalb eines gewissen Grenzwertes, konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit von Ermüdungsrissen in verschiedenen Werkstoffen befriedigenderweise in Abhängigkeit von den mechanischen Eigenschaften der gegebenen Werkstoffe und von zwei Konstanten ausgedrückt werden kann. Diese beiden Konstanten sind ein ProportionalitätsfaktorA und ein SpannungsintensitatsfaktorK th welcher einem kritischen Grenzwert entspricht. Die numerische Auswertung der Ergebnisse von rund 65 Versuchsreihen beiR≅0 ermöglichte es zu zeigen daß these Annäherung für Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeiten bis zu rund 10−4 Zoll pro Lastspiel anwendbar ist, d.h. für einen Geschwindigkeitsbereich in dem die Rißfortpflanzung mit der Bildung von Schuppen gekoppelt ist. Außerdem fand man, daß im Falle wo die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindkeit in einer nich agressiven Umwelt stattfindet, die KonstanteA mit der Elastizitätsgrenze in Zusammenhang gebracht werden kann und, daß diese Konstante mit der Aggresivität der Umgebung ansteigt, während der Wert der KonstantenK th abfällt. Diese Veränderungen ermöglichen es die Aggressivität der Umwelt abzuschätzen. Es wird weiter gezeigt, daß in einer nicht aggressiven Umwelt die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit von der Elastizitätsgrenze unabhängig und dem Intensitätsfaktor der über der kritischen Grenze liegenden Spannungen proportional ist. Durch das Aufstellen von Tabellen der Werte von A und Kth in Abhängigkeit vom Werkstoff, der Umwelt und der Beanspruchungsbedingungen, verfügt man über ein praktisches und systematisches Hilfsmittel zur Abschätzung der Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeiten von Ermüdungsrissen und der noch verbleibende Lebensdauer von gerissenen Bauelementen.
    Notes: Abstract Using a direct proportionality between the rate of fatigue crack growth and crack opening displacement above a threshold, it is shown that fatigue crack growth data for a wide variety of different materials can be accurately described in terms of the mechanical properties and two material constants; the constant of proportionality A and the threshold stress intensity factorK th. Some 65 sets of data for tests atR ≅ 0 were analysed by computer and it is shown that the approach is valid to growth rates up to about 10−4 in./cycle, i.e. until the onset of crack propagation by dimple formation. It is found thatA can be related to the yield strain for crack growth in non-aggressive environments, and is increased by increasingly severe environments, whileK th is decreased. These changes provide a measure of the severity of the environment. Crack growth rate in non-aggressive environments is shown to be independent of the yield stress and proportional to the strain intensity factor above the threshold. The tabulation ofA andK th values as a function of material, environment and loading conditions provides a systematic engineering approach to estimating rates of fatigue crack growth and in determining the residual lifetimes of flawed structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 3 (1967), S. 45-74 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les relations existant entre les propriétés de déformation par glissement et la réstance aux criques dans des conditions de contrainte unidirectionnelle ou cyclique sont étudiées dans le cas de solides monophasés exempts d' atomes strangers en insertion. Sous charges unidirectionnelles, la difficulte accrue de formation de cross-slips augmente la tension à l' intérieur des bandes de glissement, provoque un glissement plan, accentue la dépendance de la limite élastique sur la grosseur de grain et accroît la probabilité de formation de criques. Par contre, sous charges cycliques, cette même difficulté accrue de formation de crossslips empêche, à un niveau de contraintes donnees, le processus de glissement indispensable à la naissance et au développement de criques. 11 est proposé un moyen semi-empirique de prévoir le taux de croissance des criues de fatigue.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Für einphasige Festkdrper, die frei von Zwischengittereffekten sind, wind die Beziehung zwischen Gleitcharakter and Widerstand gegenüber Ribbildung unter den Bedingungen von Belastung in einer Richtung and zyklischer Belastung diskutiert. Bei Belastung in einer Richtung verstrakt die stark erschwerte Quergleitung die Spannung innerhalb der Gleitbänder, verursacht Ebenen-Gleitung, erhöht die Abhängigkeit der Fliesspannung von der Korngrösse and die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Rissbildung. Bei zyklischer Belastung dagegen verzögert die strak erschwerte Quergleitung solche Gleitprozesse, die zu Bildung and Wachsturn von Rissen notwendig sind. Eine halbempirische Regel für die Vorhersage der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit von Ermüdungrissen wird angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between slip character and resistance to cracking under unidirectional and cyclic loading conditions is discussed for single phase solids free of interstitial effects. Under unidirectional loading, increased difficulty of cross-slip intensifies strain within glide bands, induces planar glide, increases the dependence of the yield stress on grain size, and increases the probability of crack formation. In contrast, under cyclic loading, increased difficulty of cross-slip inhibits the slip processes required for crack initiation and growth at a given stress level. A semi-empirical means for predicting the rate of fatigue crack growth is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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