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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 125 (1977), S. 225-225 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Ketotic hyperglycinemia syndrome ; Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency ; Isoleucine metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An 11-year old girl with spastic paraplegia and mental retardation has suffered from attacks of metabolic acidosis since the age of 18 months. “Ketotic hyperglycinemia” was diagnosed when she was 3 years old. Reinvestigation at 9 1/2 years included a two-day load with L-isoleucine, and propionyl-CoA carboxylase assay in cultured fibroblasts. The following compounds increased following the load: 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-ethylhydracrylic acid, 3-hydroxy-n-valeric acid, 3-oxo-n-valeric acid, 2-methyl-3-oxobutyric acid, 2-oxo-3-methylvaleric acid, 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid, N-tiglylglycine, methylcitric acid and butanone. Small amounts of alloisoleucine appeared in plasma. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency was suggested by this metabolite pattern and demonstrated in cultured fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Acatalasia ; Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome ; Cirrhosis ; Hemochromatosis ; Cytochrome abnormalities ; Peroxisomes ; Mitochondria ; Oxidative phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with a cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome was investigated. The visceral manifestations were those of the Zellweger syndrome (ZS); however, the child exhibited muscular hypertonia and survived into the 2nd year of life. Ultramicroscopically, hepatocytes were lacking peroxisomes, but, contrary to findings in one patient with ZS [2], contained smooth endoplasmic reticulum. No catalase was found by histochemistry or spectroscopy. Mitochondria showed normal succinate and glutamate respiration, and normal coupling of respiration to the phosphorylation potential. The cytochrome (cyt) content was diminished to one-third with an abnormally inversed redox patterns of the respiratory chain in the controlled state, cyt b being 5%, cyt c 23% reduced. The oxygen affinity of cyt a 3 was normal. These findings exclude a defect in the nonheme iron protein region of the respiratory chain as described in ZS [2], but point to a functional abnormality of cyt b in our patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 733-743 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multiple endokrine Neoplasie Typ 2 ; Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom ; Phäochromozytom ; RET-Protoonkogen ; Key words Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Phaeochromocytoma ; RET-proto-oncogene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 is a rare autosomal dominant inherited tumor disorder, which is subclassified into MEN type 2a, MEN type 2b and FMTC (familial medullary thyroid carcinoma). Tumor development in MEN type 2 is caused by activating mutations of the RET-protooncogene, located on chromosome 10. Apart from medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which is the only disease manifestation in FMTC, affected individuals may also suffer from phaeochromocytoma in MEN type 2a and 2b and primary hyperparathyroidism in type 2a. Characteristical features for MEN type 2b, which is often caused by de-novo mutations, are mucosal neurinomas and a marfanoid physical appearance. Patients: The 9 patients with MEN type 2a and FMTC described here (age 4–15 y.) were identified as gene-carriers by family screening and had no clinical symptoms yet. In 6 patients mutations in exon 11 (codon 634, cystine〉arginine or cystine 〉tyrosine) of the RET-proto-oncogene were found, 3 patients showed mutations in exon 14 (codon 804, valine〉methionine). In 5 children with elevated plasma calcitonin concentrations thyroidectomy revealed C-cell-hyperplasia (CCH) in all cases, one girl had MTC and in addition a unilateral phaechromocytoma. 3 out of 4 children with normal calcitonin values underwent thyroidectomy so far, one had CCH. In the remaining 2 no pathologic histological changes were found. All 3 patients with MEN type 2b (age 4–16 y.) showed a typical phenotype and had metastasizing MTC. None of these survived, the youngest died at the age of 5 years. Discussion: Today, gene-carrier status for MEN type 2 can be detected reliably by mutation analysis of the RET-proto-oncogene. Prophylactic thyroidectomy in affected individuals may prevent the development of MTC. Because of the high malignancy of MTC in MEN type 2b early diagnosis and immediate thyroidectomy are crucial. All patients with MEN type 2 must be kept under endocrinological control because of the risk of relapse after surgery and/or the development of associated tumors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die multiple endokrine Neoplasie (MEN) Typ 2 mit ihren Subtypen MEN Typ 2a, Typ 2b und dem familiären medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom ist eine seltene autosomal-dominant erbliche Tumorerkrankung, die auf aktivierenden Keimbahnmutationen des Ret-Protoonkogens beruht. Neben medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinomen treten bei den Subtypen MEN Typ 2a und 2b auch Phäochromozytome, bei Typ 2a zudem ein primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus auf. Charakteristisch für die häufig durch Neumutationen verursachte MEN Typ 2b sind gastrointestinale Neurinome sowie ein dem Marfan-Syndrom ähnlicher Habitus. Patienten: Wir stellen 9 Patienten mit MEN Typ 2a bzw. familiärem medullärem Schilddrüsenkarzinom (Alter 4–13 Jahre) und 3 Patienten mit MEN Typ 2b (Alter 4–15 Jahre) vor. Die Patienten mit MEN Typ 2a bzw. familiärem medullärem Schilddrüsenkarzinom waren im Familien-Screening als Genträger identifiziert worden und klinisch symptomfrei. Bei 6 Kindern fanden sich Mutationen des RET-Protoonkogens in Exon 11 (Kodon 634, Cystin≥Arginin bzw. Cystin≥Tyrosin), in 3 Fällen zeigten sich Mutationen in Exon 14 (Kodon 804, Valin≥Methionin). Erhöhte Kalzitoninwerte bestanden bei 5 Kindern. Die Thyreoidektomie bei diesen erbrachte in allen Fällen den Befund einer C-Zell-Hyperplasie der Schilddrüse, bei 1 Patientin lagen zudem ein medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom sowie ein unilaterales Phäochromozytom vor. 3 von 4 Kindern mit normalem Kalzitonin wurden bisher thyreoidektomiert, histologisch zeigte sich in 1 Fall eine C-Zell-Hyperplasie, bei 2 Kindern ein Normalbefund. Die 3 Patienten mit MEN Typ 2b (Alter 4–16 Jahre) wiesen typische äußere Stigmata auf, bei allen lag ein metastasierendes medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom vor. Keiner dieser Patienten überlebte, der jüngste verstarb mit 5 Jahren. Diskussion: Der Genträgerstatus für eine MEN Typ 2 kann heute durch eine molekulargenetische Analyse zuverlässig festgestellt werden. Durch eine frühzeitige Thyreoidektomie bei Trägern einer Mutation kann die Manifestation eines medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms verhindert werden. Die Kenntnis der typischen körperlichen Stigmata der MEN Typ 2b erlaubt in vielen Fällen eine Blickdiagnose. Aufgrund der hohen Malignität des medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms bei MEN Typ 2b ist eine möglichst frühzeitige Diagnose und Thyreoidektomie von entscheidender Bedeutung. Alle Patienten mit MEN Typ 2 benötigen auch postoperativ aufgrund des Rezidivrisikos und der Möglichkeit der späteren Manifestation von assoziierten Tumoren eine endokrinologische Nachsorge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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