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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic controls of T cell-independent Thy-1 alloantibody responses (1984)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 20 (1984), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Early and late primary IgM antibody responses of mice to Thy-1.1 antigens showed different antigenic and cellular requirements. We studied genetic controls of the early primary responses, which could be induced by subcellular thymocyte antigens independently of host T-cell activity. All Thy-1.2 mouse strains of Igh a(BALB/c and BC8), Igh-V aCb(BAB14), Igh d(AKR/Cum), Igh j(CBA/J, C3H/HeN, C3H.SW, and C3H.JK), and Igh n(NZB) definitely responded early to Thy-1.1 antigens from AKR/J (Igh d), A.Thy-1.1 (Igh e), or B10.Thy-1.1 (Igh b) mice or SD rats, whereas all strains of Igh b(C57BL/6, C57BL/10, B10.D2, B10.BR, B10.A, CB20 and CWB), Igh c(DBA/2), Igh e(A/J), and Igh o(C.AL20) responded poorly to the same antigens. This contrasts with the observation that both strains of Igh j(C3H/HeN) and Igh b(B10.BR) responded well at later times. As was the case for late responses, the matching of H-2 between donor and recipient resulted in early responses of exceptional quality in high-responder strains. It was concluded that under the influence of H-2, whose incompatibility between donor and recipient partially interferes with responses, early but not late primary Thy-1.1-specific antibody responses are selectively controlled by Igh-V or closely linked Ir gene(s) as a new V Hmarker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrancy in immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2 antigens on erythrocytes (1986)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 24 (1986), S. 32-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunogenicity for T cell-independent B-cell response assessed by splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and cell-surface expression measured by laser flow cytometry of various class I H-2 antigens on mouse red blood cells (RBC) were compared. It was found that the order of magnitude of both immunogenicity and cell-surface expression on RBC is H-2Dd ≫ H-2Db 〉 H-2Kd, H-2Kb. Furthermore, H-2d public antigens and H-2Ld antigens were neither immunogenic nor easily demonstrable on RBC. These findings contrasted with poor immunogenicity for PFC response (Nakashima et al. 1982, 1983) and proportionally strong expression of H-2 antigens on lymphoid cells. Immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2Dd antigen on RBC were not shown to be controlled by the action of genes outside H-2D. It was therefore suggested that a number of H-2 antigens, including H-2Kd private, H-2Kb private, and H-2d public specificities are at least functionally defective on RBC. This is possibly due to the structural characteristics of the antigens. Since immunogenicity and cell-surface expression were in parallel, the expression of H-2 antigens on RBC must be dictated by a subset of B cells whose activity was assessed by PFC response. This finding supports the view that the H-2 molecules display a new category of activity which is different from their ability to activate T cells and depends on their expression on RBC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372295
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DonorIgh-linked genetic control of allotype-specific antibody response (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 30 (1989), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunogenicity of allogeneic immunoglobulins in mice were studied, measuring the allotype-specific antibody activity by agglutination of allogeneic antibody-coated red blood cells. It was found that the serum from C.B-20 mice (Igh b , BALB/c-congenic) was uniquely immunogenic in BALB/c mice for allotype antibody response. Whereas the C57BL/6 (Igh b ) serum was immunogenic only when heat aggregated and/or combined with adjuvant, the ultracentrifugation-deaggregated C.B-20 serum was definitely immunogenic when administered in a moderate dose (100 μl/mouse). Even more surprising was the fast that very low doses (0.01–0.1 μl) of soluble C.B-20 serum, but not C57BL/6 serum, down regulated the allotype-specific response effectively. Genetic analysis on congenic mice suggested that the immunogenicity is controlled by donorIgh orIgh-V(Id-C.B) inasmuch as the serum from BALB/c-congenic C.B-20 (Igh-V b C b ), but not BALB/c-congenic BAB/14 (Igh-V a C b ), mice was active in BALB/c mice in soluble form. Further studies showed that the Id-C.B was dominantly expressed on the immunoglobulins of (BALB/c×C.B-20)F1 and (C56BL/6×C.B-20)F1 strains, and was originally derived from the C57BL/Ka strain. The major determinant for the antibody production was encoded inIgh-C, but not inIgh-V. It is suggested thatId-C.B controls the allotype-specific antibody response in an unusual manner, possibly acting as a unique determinant activating helper T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421533
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor up-regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase gene in human neuroblastoma cell lines (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 82 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the survival of dopaminergic neurons has been well documented, but its effect on dopamine biosynthesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of GDNF on the gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine biosynthesis, was investigated. We found that GDNF elevated the expression of the TH gene at both mRNA and protein levels in TGW cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line. GDNF significantly enhances the transcription rate of the TH gene as actinomycin D prevented the induction of TH mRNA and GDNF increased the activity of the TH promoter. In addition, GDNF exerts a relatively weak but significant effect on the stability of TH mRNA, because GDNF delayed the degradation of TH mRNA and strengthened a special TH mRNA/protein interaction known to be relevant with TH mRNA stability. By comparing several human neurogenic cell lines, we found that GDNF-induced TH expression was only observed in the cells possessing Ret protein and coincided with the expression levels. Taken together, these results indicate that GDNF up-regulates the expression of the TH gene by promoting the transcription of the TH gene and the stability of TH mRNA with the Ret receptor dependency in some neuroblastoma cell lines. Thus, GDNF exerts its neurotrophic role not only in promoting cells survival, but also in affecting dopamine biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00993.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microglial NO induces delayed neuronal death following acute injury in the striatum (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have established a novel injury model in the central nervous system by a stereotaxic injection of ethanol into rat striatum to induce necrosis. With this model, we clarify a function of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a healing mechanism around a necrotic lesion. A semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that the iNOS mRNA arose at 6 h, peaked at 24 h, and declined to a lower level 48 h after an intrastriatal 5-μL ethanol injection. From in situ hybridization, this iNOS mRNA was expressed in the area surrounding the injury. By immunohistochemistry, mononuclear cells at this boundary area of necrosis were stained with anti-iNOS antibody on the first day after the injury. These cells turned out to be reactive microglia from the positive staining of GSA-I-B4, ED-1 and OX-42. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed that neurons in this boundary area gradually disappear up to 5 days after the injury with an increment of microglial cells, and this area became cavernous. Nuclei of neurons in this area were stained positive by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay on the first day after the injury. These TUNEL-positive neurons gradually disappeared toward the third day, while microglial cells increased. L-Ng-nitro-arginine methylester (L-NAME), a competitive NOS inhibitor, administration diminished the elimination of neurons by microglia in this boundary area surrounding necrosis. Microglial NO may act as a neurotoxic agent to eliminate damaged neurons near the necrosis in the form of delayed neuronal death, and may reintegrate the neuronal circuits with functionally intact neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00168.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable expression of heparan sulfate epitopes in crescents of human glomerulonephritis (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrates ; N-Sulfation ; O-Sulfation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Crescentic glomerulonephritis leads to a rapid loss of renal function. Although glomerular crescents are rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), the composition and genesis of the ECM are incompletely understood. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a major ECM molecule and has polymeric structure of great variability. Recent findings that alterations in HS epitopes are associated with renal pathology prompted us to hypothesize that specific HS epitopes might be expressed in the evolution of crescents. We reviewed clinical records of 724 patients who underwent renal biopsy and found 21 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against well-defined HS epitopes. One mAb was directed against unsaturated uronic acid residues generated during the selective removal of HS by heparitinase (a), and a further two different mAbs against N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS (b). Results showed that mAb (a) reacted to ECM of normal, sclerosed and crescentic glomeruli and that mAbs (b) reacted strongly to ECM of fibrocellular crescents but not to fibrous crescents, the periglomerular areas and noncrescentic intraglomerular areas. We concluded there are regional differences in HS epitope expression, although HS are ubiquitous components of glomerular ECM. N-sulfate-enriched and O-sulfate-poor portions of HS might play a role in crescent formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050318
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of glutathione-S-transferases α and π in gastric cancer: a correlation with cisplatin resistance (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 34 (1994), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in one of several factors that are proposed to affect tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs, including cisplatin (CDDP). Attempts are made herein to evaluate the significance of the enzymes in resistance to CDDP in clinical samples of gastric cancer. A total of 22 gastric cancer specimens, 16 of which were obtained with matching normal mucosae, underwent immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies against GST-α and GST-π. At the same time, the chemosensitivity of 15 gastric cancer specimens to CDDP was evaluated by the succinic dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. The expression of GST-π was detected in all the specimens, and its content in the neoplasms exhibited a significant positive correlation with that in the matched normal mucosae. The expression of GST-α was detected in 18 of 22 cancer specimens (82%), but its content in the neoplasms did not correlate with that in the matched mucosae. A comparison of the drug-sensitivity findings with the results of immunoblotting revealed a weak but interesting correlation between the protein levels of GST-α and CDDP resistance. The cellular content of GST-α correlated weakly with CDDP resistance in gastric cancer, and its quantification could contribute to prediction of the clinical effects of CDDP in patients with gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experission of glutathione-S-transferases α and π in gastric cancer: a correlation with cisplatin resistance (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 34 (1994), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in one of several factors that are proposed to affect tumor sensitivity to anticancer drugs, including cisplatin (CDDP). Attempts are made herein to evaluate the significance of the enzymes in resistance to CDDP in clinical samples of gastric cancer. A total of 22 gastric cancer specimens, 16 of which were obtained with matching normal mucosae, underwent immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies against GST-α and GST-π. At the same time, the chemosensitivity of 15 gastric cancer specimens to CDDP was evaluated by the succinic dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. The expression of GST-π was detected in all the specimens, and its content in the neoplasms exhibited a significant positive correlation with that in the matched normal mucosae. The expression of GST-α was detected in 18 of 22 cancer specimens (82%), but its content in the neoplasms did not correlate with that in the matched mucosae. A comparison of the drug-sensitivity findings with the results of immunoblotting revealed a weak but interesting correlation between the protein levels of GST-α and CDDP resistance. The cellular content of GST-α correlated weakly with CDDP resistance in gastric cancer, and its quantification could contribute to prediction of the clinical effects of CDDP in patients with gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685078
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of high-grade anti-tumor immunity by use of a recombinant H-2Kb/avian erythroblastosis virus erbB gene transfectant (1990)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 31 (1990), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recombinant H-2Kb-erbB gene, encoding for a part of the H-2 class I antigen and the kinase domain of the V-erbB peptide, was successfully introduced into murine mastocytoma P815 variant P1.HTR cells, which resulted in low but significant cell-surface expression of the hybrid gene product. When the chimeric gene transfectant was inoculated into the CDF1 mice, it soon grew but regressed thereafter. The tumorigenicity of this transfectant was lower than the H-2Kb gene transfectant that expressed the H-2Kb antigen at a comparable level. These CDF1 mice that had received the chimeric gene transfectant obtained a high-grade anti-tumor immunity against the challenge of a high dose of parental tumor. Corresponding to these observations, anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which lyse parental P1.HTR cells but not syngeneic L1210 or NS-1 tumor cells, were developed in the peritoneal cavity of mice that had been inoculated with the transfectant and parental tumor. Definite antibody activity binding to parental P1.HTR tumor cells was also demonstrated in the sera of these mice, precipitating 40-kDa, 74-kDa and 98-kDa molecules from the surface of the radiolabeled P1-HTR tumor cells. The results suggested that the chimeric H-2-erbB gene transfectant efficiently triggers both cellular and humoral anti-tumor immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742375
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterozygosity with respect to Zfp148 causes complete loss of fetal germ cells during mouse embryogenesis (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 33 (2003), S. 172-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Zfp148 belongs to a large family of C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factors. Zfp148 is expressed in fetal germ cells in 13.5-d-old (E13.5) mouse embryos. Germ-line transmission of mutations were not observed in chimeric Zfp148+/− mice, and some of these mice completely lacked ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1072
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