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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 4595-4596 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cyclosporin A ; Renal transplantation ; Azathioprine ; Steroids ; Immunosuppression ; Cyclosporin A ; Nierentransplantation ; Azathioprin ; Steroide ; Immunsuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer multizentrischen Studie mit acht beteiligten Zentren wurden 232 Empfänger von Leichennieren-Transplantaten nach dem Zufallsprinzip einer Behandlung mit Cyclosporin A (CyA-Gruppe: 117 Patienten) bzw. mit Azathioprin und Steroiden (Kontrollgruppe: 115 Patienten) zugewiesen. Nach einer Beobachtungsperiode zwischen 2 Wochen und 11 Monaten betrug die geschätzte Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der Transplantate 73% in der CyA- und 53% in der Kontrollgruppe. Während der Therapie gab es zwei Todesfälle in der CyA- gegenüber sieben in der Kontrollgruppe. 82% der CyA-Patienten mit funktionsfähigen Transplantaten erhielten CyA allein, 17% wurden auf die herkömmliche Therapie umgestellt, und ein Patient erhielt Prednisolon zusätzlich zu CyA. Steroide haben nie 27% erhalten. Die Nierenfunktion 6 Monate nach der Transplantation war in der CyA-Gruppe ähnlich wie in der Azathioprin- und Steroid-Gruppe. Nach diesen vorläufigen Ergebnissen scheint CyA wirkungsvoller als die konventionelle Immunsuppression zu sein, wobei Langzeit-Steroid-Therapie vermieden werden kann.
    Notes: Summary In a multicentre trial conducted in eight European centres, 232 recipients of cadaveric renal allografts were randomly allocated to receive either cyclosporin A (CyA, 117 patients) or azathioprine and steroids (control, 115 patients) for immunosuppression. After a follow-up period of up to eleven months, graft survival probability estimates are 73% in the CyA group and 53% in the control group. Two deaths have occurred in the CyA group and seven in the control group. 82% of the CyA group with functioning grafts are receiving CyA alone, 17% have been changed to azathioprine and steroids and one patient is receiving prednisolone in addition to CyA; 27% have never received steroids. At six months post-transplant renal function is similar in patients receiving CyA and in those receiving azathioprine and steroids. On the basis of these preliminary results CyA appears to be more effective than conventional immunosuppression and avoids the necessity of longterm steroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclosporin ; pharmacokinetics ; infusions ; binding ; lipids ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis that unbound concentration better correlates with response than total plasma or blood concentration, the inter- and intra-subject variability in the distribution of cyclosporin within blood and to plasma components was studied in renal transplant patients. Pharmacokinetic aspects were also studied. Blood samples were analysed from patients who received the drug both by a 72-h i.v. infusion and orally (7 mg·kg−1 twice daily). Steady-state was reached within 18 h of starting the i.v. infusion; the plasma data were best fitted by a biexponential equation with half-times of 0.13–1.02 h and 4.3–13.9 h, associated with the two phases. The mean plasma clearance was 700 ml/min. Concentrations during the infusions measured by RIA and HPLC were comparable. Oral profiles showed rapid and extensive absorption. The peak plasma concentrations were 1460–1880 µg·l−1 and occurred 2–4 h after dosing, with bioavailability estimates of 41–113%. Concentrations measured by RIA were higher than by HPLC. Blood-to-plasma concentration ratio measurements of cyclosporin at 37°C decreased with increasing plasma concentration and increased with haematocrit. Fraction unbound, measured by ultracentrifugation, was in the range 0.042–0.122 with an average of 0.068, and varied little in some patients but showed systematic changes with time in others. Cyclosporin binding was found to be related not only to the triglyceride but, more particularly, to the cholesterol-related lipoproteins in plasma. Monitoring cholesterol may be helpful in identifying patients with extremes in binding or with widely varying binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 467-478 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A general method for producing efficient algorithms to evaluate finite Fourier transforms that fully utilize symmetry to reduce both computing time and space requirements is described. The method is applicable to all space groups. The resulting algorithms retain the 'N log N' behavior of the fast Fourier transform while reducing the size of the data to approximately an asymmetric unit. The algorithm for the p3 and P3 groups is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 795-797 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositionally modulated thin films of Cu and Y were prepared in an ultrahigh vacuum dc ion beam deposition chamber. Room-temperature growth of an amorphous Cu-Y phase was observed with interdiffusion of the elemental Cu and Y. Transmission electron microscopy of as-prepared samples revealed a novel growth morphology; amorphous phase formation was observed both at the original Cu/Y interface and between the grains of the elemental Y. Estimates for the thermodynamic and kinetic factors underlying the grain boundary amorphization reaction are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate whether the choice of calcium channel blocker, used in conjunction with cyclosporin A, affected the prevalence of gingival overgrowth.Method: A cohort of 135 renal transplant recipients who had been medicated with cyclosporin A in combination with either nifedipine (89) or amlodipine (46) since transplant, took part in the study. The inclusion criteria were that eligible subjects had been in receipt of a kidney transplant for at least 12 months, had at least 10 teeth and had not received specialist periodontal treatment. The age, gender, current drug regimen and dosage were recorded for each participant and alginate impressions taken of both arches. The presence and severity of gingival overgrowth were scored from plaster models.Results: A higher proportion (72%) of the amlodipine group were categorised as having gingival overgrowth compared with only 53% of the nifedipine group, χ2=4.5, p〈0.05. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the presence or absence of gingival overgrowth (dependent variable) and age, gender, time since transplant, dose of cyclosporin A, centre in which the patient was treated, and the calcium channel blocker used (independent variables). Independent predictors of gingival overgrowth in this multivariate analysis were whether the individual was treated with amlodipine or nifedipine (p=0.01) and whether the individual was young or old (p=0.01). Within the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for amlodipine to be associated with gingival overgrowth compared with nifedipine was 3.0 (confidence interval 1.3–6.9).Conclusions: The prevalence of gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients maintained on cyclosporin A and nifedipine is lower than those treated with cyclosporin A and amlodipine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Unsightly gingival overgrowth affects many individuals immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A (CsA). Current management involves repeated periodontal surgery and intensive hygienist support. Tacrolimus is an effective alternative immunosuppressive agent for renal transplantation which does not appear to produce gingival enlargement.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:The purpose of the present study was to monitor the gingival response of 4 renal transplant patients (RTPs), with clinically significant CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, after their immunosuppressive therapy was switched to tacrolimus.Methods: Intra-oral photographs and alginate impressions were taken both prior to the drug conversion and again, 6 to 9 months later. Gingival overgrowth scores were determined, from plaster models on both these occasions.Results: All of the RTPs experienced significant resolution of their gingival enlargement within the time period studied; however, only one had complete regression.Conclusion: It is concluded that conversion of RTPs with gingival overgrowth from CsA to tacrolimus may provide an effective management strategy for this clinical problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] From gravity surveys of seven Japanese calderas Yokoyama3 claims that four of these snowing negative Bouguer gravity anomalies are of 'Krakatoan' type, and one is of 'Glen Coe' type and shows a positive anomaly; the lack of any anomaly on the remaining two is not commented on. McCall4 has revised ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 34 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An obstetric patient had a subarachnoid block during attempted extradural analgesia for labour. The sensory block extended to TI and was accompanied by hypotension. The analgesia lasted 3 hr, after which sensory and motor function recovered quickly. The local anaesthetic agent used was 2% 2-chloroprocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 43 (1978), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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