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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Haemoperfusion ; Carbromal ; Diazepam ; Phenobarbital ; Hämoperfusion ; Carbromal ; Diazepam ; Phenobarbital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Adsorptionseigenschaften von 6 verschiedenen Materialien, die bei der Hämoperfusion eingesetzt werden in vitro geprüft: Amberlite XAD-2 und XAD-4, Haemocol, Collodium verkapselte Aktivkohle, Collodium verkapselte und Albumin beschichtete Aktivkohle und Aktivkohle-Hohlfaser. Carbromal wird am schnellsten eliminiert von Amberlite XAD-2 und XAD-4, ebenso Diazepam. Beim Vergleich der verschiedenen Kohlepräparate werden Carbromal und Diazepam am schnellsten von Haemocol aus der Lösung entfernt, Phenobarbital von Aktivkohle-Hohlfaser, wenn man eine 5-stündige Perfusion zu Grunde legt. Die gerinnungsphysiologischen und klinisch-chemischen Untersuchungen mit Hilfe von heparinisiertem Frischblut lassen schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen erkennen. Die Abnahme der Thrombozyten ist am ausgeprägtesten bei Amberlite XAD-2 und XAD-4, sie ist aber auch bei den Kohlepräparationen nachweisbar: Nach 5stündiger Hämoperfusion ist ihre Zahl auf bis zu 10% des Ausgangswertes abgefallen. Die Hämolyse ist besonders stark bei Amberlite XAD-2 und XAD-4, sowie Haemocol. Die je nach Giftstoff unterschiedlich große Adsorption der geprüften Materialien und ihre verschieden stark ausgeprägten Nebenwirkungen erfordern nach unseren Ergebnissen einen der individuellen Situation des Patienten angepaßten Einsatz.
    Notes: Summary The properties of six adsorbents for Haemoperfusion were investigated in vitro: Amberlite XAD-2; Amberlite XAD-4; Haemocol; collodion coated charcoal; albumine-collodion encapsulated charcoal and activated carbon fibers. Carbromal and diazepam are most quickly removed from aqueous solutions by Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4. Of the charcoal containing materials, Haemocol eliminates most rapidly carbromal and diazepam; while activated carbon fibers remove phenobarbital faster. When heparinized blood is perfused, a remarkable reduction in platelet count is observed. The drop is most pronounced with Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4, but even when using charcoal preparations the platelet depletion can reach 10% of the original number over 5 hours. Haemolysis is most pronounced with Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4 and Haemocol. As the efficiency of the adsorbents towards the various drugs differ and as their adverse effects also vary, the decision for a particular material will have to be made according to the individual case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. S187 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Procalcitonin ; Liver transplantation ; Infection ; Rejection ; Diagnosis of infection ; Diagnosis of rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Does procalcitonin (PCT) allow differentiation between infection and rejection following liver transplantation in the case of fever of unknown origin (FUO)?¶Design: Open prospective trial.¶Setting: transplant intensive care unit at a university hospital.¶Patients: Forty patients after liver transplantation.¶Interventions: Liver biopsy for diagnosis of rejection, transcutaneous aspiration cytology for monitoring of lymphocyte activation.¶Measurements: Procalcitonin from EDTA plasma, APACHE II, Sepsis score (Elbute and Stoner).¶Results: Eleven patients suffered an infectious complication resulting in an increase in PCT levels (2.2–41.7 ng/ml). Eleven patients developed a rejection episode; none of these patients showed a rise in PCT levels. The statistical difference between PCT levels in rejection and infection was significant (p 〈 0.05) on the day of diagnosis.¶Conclusion: PCT allows differentiation between rejection and infection in the case of FUO. Elevation of PCT plasma levels develops early postoperatively due to operation trauma, and, in the case of FUO with no rise in PCT, a rejection may be suspected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 52 (1965), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 82 (1978), S. 205-209 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: 2,2-Diethyllallylacetamide, gas-chromatography ; Poisoning, diethyl-allylacetamide ; 2,2-Diäthylallylacetamid, Gas-Chromatographie ; Vergiftung, Diäthylallylacetamid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache gas-chromatographische Methode zur Bestimmung von 2,2-Diäthylallylacetamid beschrieben. Die Serumprobe wird mit gesättigter Ammoniumsulfatlösung versetzt und mit Chloroform extrahiert. Die organische Phase wird eingedampft, der Rückstand in Äthylacetat/Eisessig gelöst und in den Gaschromatographen injiziert. Der Variationskoeffizient für die Präzision in der Serie beträgt 8,5 %, die Wiederfindung 76 %, die Nachweisgrenze 3,2 μmol/1. Der Extrakt kann auch zur Bestimmung anderer Schlafmittel benutzt werden. Die höchsten, bei schweren 2,2-Diäthylallylacetamid-Vergiftungen gemessenen Konzentrationen betrugen ü ber 700 μmol/1.
    Notes: Summary A simple gas-chromatographic method for the determination of 2,2-diethylallylacetamide is described. A saturated solution of ammonium sulfate is added to 1 ml serum and the mixture is extracted by chloroform. The organic phase is evaporated. The residue is dissolved in ethylacetate/acetic acid and injected into the gas-chromatograph. The coefficient of variation for the precision in the series is 8,5 %, the recovery 76 %, the detection limit 3,2 μmol/1. The extract can be used for the determination of other hypnotics, e.g. barbiturates or carbromal. In cases of poisoning the concentration of 2,2-diethylallylacetamide exceeded 700 μmol/1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 311 (1982), S. 409-409 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusion The procedure presented is a practical and reliable method for the determination of thiopental in barbiturate loading therapy that can be run on every gas-chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. The sample clean-up is easy and no derivatisation is necessary. Pentobarbital — a metabolite of thiopental — can be determined quantitatively at the same time under the gas-chromatographic conditions described. This is especially advantageous in the case of small clearance rates, which can lead to an accumulation of barbiturates. The use of the method may be expanded to pharmacokinetic studies, where very low concentrations are to be measured by use of an alkali flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 155-155 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Schlafmitteln in Serum ; Chromatographie, Gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301 (1980), S. 108-109 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Ethosuximid, Valproat in Blutserum ; Chromatographie, Gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusion The proposed simultaneous determination of ethosuximide and valproate takes advantage of the similar properties of these substances that differ markedly from the other mainly used antiepileptic drugs. The volatility as well as the high blood concentration that are usual in therapeutics allow the measurement of ethosuximide and valproate directly in the extract without further concentration, e.g. by evaporation. On the other hand, one can optimise the methods for the determination of the other anticonvulsant drugs that are poorly volatile putting ethosuximide and valproate aside [1] and give up procedures using temperature programs with temperature differences of more than 100 ° C between the starting and the endpoint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 132-132 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Drogen in Harn ; Enzym-Immunoassay/Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusion All of the immunoassays tested were rapid and easy to perform. The precision of these tests was adequate and the results were comparable with those obtained by HPLC. The EMIT correlated best with HPLC and showed a high specificity. Normally encountered levels of other xanthines or uric acids apparently do not interfere with this assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 311 (1982), S. 413-414 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusion The proposed sample preparation for the gaschromatographic determination of methohexital in serum by using SEP-PAK C18 cartridges is superior to the usual extraction by organic solvents because of its good reliability and practicability. Its main advantages are: 1) constantly high recovery; 2) complete removal of endogenous substances that might interfere with the determination resulting in a rather specific method; 3) ease of handling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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