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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-administration of misoprostol or ranitidine with indomethacin: effects on pharmacokinetics, abdominal symptoms and bowel habit (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This three-way randomized crossover study in 18 healthy male volunteers compared the pharmacokinetics of 50 mg indomethacin b.d. during concomitant twice daily dosing with 400 μg misoprostol, 150 mg ranitidine or placebo. Plasma indomethacin concentrations were determined by HPLC assay of samples collected over 12 h after the first dose, and over 14 h after the last dose on Day 8 of each dosing period. A daily diary of bowel habits, and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms, was kept by each subject throughout the study. Statistical comparisons were made by analysis of variance.In the presence of misoprostol there was a 13% decrease in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of indomethacin over one dosing interval on Day 1 (P 〈 0.01), and at steady state there was a 24% decrease in the maximum plasma concentration (P 〈 0.02). The pharmacokinetics of indomethacin were not affected by co-administration of ranitidine. Accumulation of indomethacin after repeated oral dosing was not significantly altered by the co-administration of either misoprostol or ranitidine. The frequency and severity of abdominal symptoms was significantly increased (P 〈 0.01) during misoprostol dosing, compared with either ranitidine or placebo plus indomethacin. When the dosing phase (Days 1–8) was compared with the washout phase (Days 9–15) in each period, misoprostol, but not ranitidine or placebo, plus indomethacin resulted in an increase (P 〈 0.001) in abdominal symptom severity, frequency of bowel motions and a decrease in faecal consistency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00557.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: esomeprazole − the first proton pump inhibitor to be developed as an isomer (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Omeprazole is a racemate, from which the R- and S-isomers can be isolated. At the cellular level, both of these isomers convert to the same inhibitor of the H+,K+-ATPase and produce the same reduction in gastric acid secretion. However, the S-isomer, esomeprazole, is metabolized more slowly and reproducibly than the R-isomer and omeprazole, and therefore produces higher plasma concentrations for longer and, as a result, inhibits gastric acid production more effectively and for longer. Thus, esomeprazole has the pharmacological properties of a more effective form of treatment for disorders related to gastric acid secretion. Clinical studies have confirmed the anticipated increased efficacy, but have shown no evidence of impaired tolerability or increased toxicity when compared with omeprazole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.17.s1.1.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The impact of cimetidine, ranitidine and placebo on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, given either as a single dose (100 mg) or for 7 days (100 mg b.d.), has been evaluated in two separate studies. The doses used were 800 mg cimetidine daily and 300 mg ranitidine daily. The subjects were all young, healthy volunteers. In the single dose study, cimetidine produced a marked increase in the peak plasma concentration of metoprolol and in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve; ranitidine had less effect, though the area under the curve was significantly greater than placebo. In the chronic dosing study, the area under the curve for metoprolol was also significantly higher on cimetidine (1796 ng h/ml; P 〈 0.001) whereas the area under the curve on ranitidine (1258 ng h/ml) was comparable to that on placebo (1183 ng h/ml). Despite these drug-induced changes in plasma metoprolol concentration, neither cimetidine nor ranitidine altered the change in exercise-induced heart rate during dosing with metoprolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00726.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nadolol in combination with indapamide and xipamide in resistant hypertensives (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nadolol ; indapamide ; xipamide ; resistant hypertension ; compliance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four hypertensive patients have been studied. All had blood pressure recordings greater than 160/95 mmHg on 3 occasions whilst taking a beta blocker and two other antihypertensive agents in therapeutic doses. Compliance was checked by intermittent urine analysis for the relevant beta-blocker. These difficult to control hypertensives were treated with nadolol alone, nadolol plus indapamide and nadolol plus xipamide each for 2 months in random order. The aim was to reduce the blood pressure to below 160/95 mmHg. The supine blood pressure on nadolol alone (167/100 mmHg) was comparable to that on the previous three drug regimens (157/100 mmHg), the other two treatments were more effective (145/90 and 148/93 mmHg respectively). Hypokalaemia (serum potassium below 3.5 mmol/l) occurred in six individuals but occurred more frequently on xipamide than on indapamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of influence of beta adrenergic blockade on serum potassium during an infusion of potassium (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 425-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blockers ; potassium infusion ; propranolol ; metoprolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The extent to which the serum potassium rose in a group of six healthy volunteers during an intra-venous infusion of potassium was identical following pretreatment with placebo, low or high dose propranolol and low or high dose metoprolol. Thus in this acute study, we were unable to demonstrate any influence of either selective or non-selective beta adrenergic blockade upon potassium uptake mechanisms. This is in contrast to the effects of beta blockers on potassium reuptake rates noted after exercise and during cardiac surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542135
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of plasma drug concentrations: Some observations (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 569-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542131
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of pirprofen in young volunteers and elderly patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pirprofen ; arthritic disease ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of pirprofen were measured in 11 elderly arthritic patients and 6 healthy young volunteers at the beginning and end of 8 days treatment with 400 mg doses twice daily. The mean ages of the two groups were 74.5 and 21.8 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in peak concentrations, times to peak, areas under the curve or terminal elimination half-lives between the groups after single dosing. Repeated dosing increased plasma drug concentrations in both groups but the extent was as predicted from the single dose data. Again there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, although pre-dosing plasma concentrations were higher in the elderly compared with the young individuals. The results of this relatively small study suggest that advancing age and arthritic disease appear to have little influence on the pharmacokinetics of pirprofen and no modification in the dosage recommendation in elderly patients without overt renal or hepatic impairment is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547372
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separate and combined effects of nadolol and nifedipine on the cardiac response to exercise (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nadolol ; nifedipine ; tachycardia ; cardiovascular response ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; exercise heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a placebo controlled exercise protocol using healthy volunteers the effects of nadolol 80 mg and 160 mg orally and of nadolol 80 mg during treatment with nifedipine 20 mg 8 hourly were compared. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by both nifedipine (p〈0.05) and nadolol (p〈0.01) acting alone. An unexpected finding was that nifedipine alone significantly inhibited exercise tachycardia (p〈0.01) (8 to 12 h post dose). Predictably both doses of nadolol produced significant reduction in exercise tachycardia which was still apparent at 24 h. There was a linear relationship between log10 plasma nadolol concentration and reduction in exercise heart rate. The combined inhibitory effects of nifedipine and nadolol 80 mg on exercise heart rate showed partial additivity but did not summate. There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between the 2 drugs. The inhibition of exercise tachycardia by nifedipine, not previously documented, is consistent with an effect of the drug on the sinus node, as has been reported in in-vitro studies, and may contribute to the drugs efficacy in angina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609676
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma Levels and Negative Chronotropic Effect of Metoprolol following Single Doses of a Conventional and Sustained Release Formulation C. P. Quarterman, M. J. Kendall, R. G. Welling vol. 15, 97–103 (1979) (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 219-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562065
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of conventional and slow-release metoprolol (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blocker ; metoprolol ; slow-release formulation ; multiple dosing ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles for metoprolol have been measured in six healthy volunteers after single and multiple dosing with 100 mg conventional formulation twice daily and 200 mg slow-release formulation once daily. Both multidose regimes produced measurable predosing plasma concentrations of metoprolol. The plasma concentrations on the eighth day were greater than predicted by the single-dose data as indicated by the comparison of the total areas under the curve for the single dose and the dosage interval areas during multiple dosing. This increase may be associated with a change in the bioavailability and/or clearance of the drug and is currently being investigated. The peak concentrations for the two regimens were comparable but the times to peak with the slow-release regimen were significantly delayed. Both regimes produced significant beta-blocking effects over 24 h during multiple dosing, the reductions in exercise heart rate at 0 and 24 h on the eighth day corresponding to more than 20% of the maximum effect. Resting pulse rates and blood pressures were affected to a similar extent by the two regimens but neither significantly altered respiratory peak flow rates. The effects during multiple dosing were generally greater than those after a single dose and appeared to follow a more consistent trend. This observation, together with those for the plasma level data on the eighth day, illustrate the importance of performing multiple-dose studies in assessing beta-blocking drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562615
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