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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of Erythrocytes by Malaria Parasites: A Cellular and Molecular Overview (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 40 (1986), S. 451-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.40.100186.002315
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological changes during specific immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy: reduced lymphoproliferative responses to allergen and shift from TH2 to TH1 in T-cell clones specific for Phi p 1, a major grass pollen allergen (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and Objective The mechanisms operative in specific immunotherapy (SIT) of Type I allergy are not completely understood. In the present study we evaluated immunological changes during SIT in pollinosis.Method Eight patients suffering from pollinosis (monosensitized to grass pollen) were treated with conventional SIT. All subjects had IgE specific for Phi p 1. a major allergen of timothy grass. In vitro changes in the immunological reactivity to grass pollen extract and to recombinant Phi p 1 were evaluated. Subjects were examined at three occasions: before, after 3 months and after I year of SIT.Results Serological analysis revealed a marked increase of grass pollen- and Phi p 1-specific IgG, titres of specific IgE did not change significantly. Lymphoproliferative responses to grass pollen extract and rPhl p 1 were reduced already after 3 months of treatment. Accordingly, the cloning efficiency for Ph1 p 1-specific T-cell clones (TCC) dropped markedly in all patients. The majority of allergen-specific TCC raised before SIT revealed a TH2-like pattern of cytokine production. TCC established after SIT revealed TH1 characteristics. This shift was due to a decrease in IL-4 rather than an increase in IFN-production by T cells. Investigations of the epitopes recognized by T cells before and after SIT did not reveal the outgrowth of new (ldquo;protecting”) specificities. We could not observe induction of allergen-speeific CD8+ lymphocytes (supressor cells).Conclusion Our data indicate that — on the level of TH lymphocytes — SIT induces tolerance to the allergen and a modulation of the cytokine pattern produced in response to allergen stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01252.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The positivity conditions in general relativity (1973)
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 7 (1973), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We extend the usual treatment of constraints in the canonical formalism to cases where the restrictions on the canonical variables take the form of inequalities. The result is a general prescription for eliminating such restrictions from the canonical formalism. We apply this prescription to eliminate the positivity conditions in a model theory and in general relativity. In the case of the model we find that elimination of the positivity conditions makes the construction of observables much simpler; in the full theory, however, the spatial constraints introduce complications, and we have not been able to carry out all the calculations explicitly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02412658
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen nutrition on aluminium tolerance of soybean (Glycine max L.) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; nitrogen form ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ammonium-nitrogen supply increased Al tolerance (parameter root elongation rate) of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants compared to nitrate-nitrogen supply when grown at constant pH in solution culture. This protective effect of ammonium against Al could only partially be attributed to lowered activity of monomeric aluminium species in the ammonium solution. For ammonium and nitrate-grown plants the relationship between Al concentration in the root tips and total length could be described by the same regression equation. The higher Al tolerance of soybean plants grown in the presence of ammonium was due to restricted ad/absorption of Al which resulted from competition with positively charged Al species for binding sites in the apoplast. Induction of higher symplastic Al tolerance is unlikely because preculture with ammonium decreased rather than increased aluminium tolerance of the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical impedance increases aluminium tolerance of soybean (Glycine max) roots (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium tolerance ; Glycine max L. ; mechanical impedance ; root growth ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of aluminium (Al) on root elongation was studied in solution culture and sand culture. Compared to solution culture, in sand culture a ten times higher Al supply was necessary to inhibit root elongation to a comparable degree. This was due to a much lower Al uptake into the 5 mm root tips in sand culture. Fe concentrations in root tips were also lower in sand culture. Ca concentrations were higher and less depressed by Al, whereas Mg and K concentrations were not affected by the culture substrate. Regressions of Al concentrations in root tips versus inhibition of root elongation by Al revealed root damage at lower Al concentrations in sand culture. The effect of culture substrate on Al tolerance was independent of N source and could also be shown in flowing solution culture with and without sand. The results indicate that mechanical impedance in sand culture decreased Al uptake. This may be due to enhanced exudation of organic complexors thus reducing activites of monomeric Al species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009264
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the nitrogen level on root growth and morphology of two potato varieties differing in nitrogen acquisition (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: nitrogen acquisition ; potato ; root morphology ; Solanum tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (‘Astrid’ and ‘Bodenkraft’) differing in their nitrogen acquisition from the soil (Hunnius, 1981) were used in nutrient solutions to study the effect of increasing concentrations of nitrate (0.05; 0.5; 5.0 mol m-3) particularly on root growth and morphology. In each variety increasing nitrogen concentrations stimulated shoot growth more than root growth. At all nitrate concentrations, the variety with higher nitrogen acquisition (‘Astrid’) had a significantly larger root system. The larger root system of ‘Astrid’ compared to ‘Bodenkraft’ was particularly evident when surface area and total length of the roots, instead of root dry weight were used as parameters. The results stress the importance of root length and surface area for nitrogen acquisition from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011258
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