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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological responses in an infant after cyclosporine A exposure during pregnancy (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 476-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; Liver transplantation ; Newborn ; Immune system ; Cyclosporin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pregnancy in transplant recipients is not uncommon. Cyclosporin A may be used as an immunosuppressive drug in these patients. Almost no data exist on the effects of cyclosporin A on the immune system of infants who have been exposed to this drug in utero. The infant of a liver transplant recipient was followed during the first 2 years of life. Shortly after birth all lymphocyte subsets were low, especially for B-cells. The distribution of lymphocytes returned to low normal ranges within the first 2 years of life, except for CD8 values that stayed below normal. There were no signs of persistent adverse effects of cyclosporin A on the functional integrity of the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955053
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recommendations on the use of colony-stimulating factors in children: conclusions of a European panel (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 955-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Granulocyte ; Neutropenia ; Children ; Growth factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During 1996 and 1997 a panel of European haematologists, oncologists, and neonatologists developed specific paediatric guidelines for the use of colony stimulating factors based on published literature and the clinical experience of these specialists within each of 13 countries. Well established indications for use comprise intervention in patients with life-threatening infection, adjunctive therapy post autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells for autologous BMT, patients with acquired aplastic anaemia on anti-lymphocyte globulin and cyclosporin regimen, and severe congenital neutropenia. Less clear indications include primary prophylaxis to support dose intensification in children with high risk/advanced malignancies, secondary prophylaxis to prevent neutropenia in patients with a history of severe neutropenia, support therapy in cases of poor marrow function following BMT and for deteriorating marrow function following successful BMT, in neonatal sepsis and non infectious neonatal neutropenia, in drug induced neutropenia and in HIV-positive patients. Treatment is generally well tolerated and granulocyte colony stimulating factor appears better tolerated than granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor. Economically colony stimulating factors have not been shown to induce excessive costs for a given patient. Conclusion In general the adult guidelines are applicable to children but additional considerations (aggressive or very progressive childhood neoplasms, specific indications, neonatal use, congenital disorders) must be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050978
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Situ Study of Haemopoiesis in Human Fetal Liver (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy of haemopoietic cells in human fetal liver was examined using immunohistological techniques on frozen sections of 31 fetuses (10–28 weeks gestational age). The immunohistological findings were consistent with reported cell suspension data. With regard to the location of haemopoietic activity no particular relationship existed between the various haemopoietic cell lineages. A large number of proliferating cells was present; only a few of these were reactive with haemopoietic progenitor cell monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) CD34. A population of haemopoietic cells expressed CD43 antigen (MoAb MTI) alone or together with anti-vimentin MoAb reactivity; this population needs further delineation. Erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis occurred in clusters around sinusoids and portal triad vessels respectively. Lack of MoAb reacting exclusively with early developmental stages of erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis precluded dissection of these lineages. Lymphopoiesis occurred in a loosely scattered pattern without any sign of focal development. Pre-B and B-cell numbers increased with gestational age. Cells expressing markers of more mature B cells (surface IgD, CD35, and CD21) were rare. Also, few cells reacted with mature T-cell markers, but CD7+ cells were obviously present. This expression of CD7 on haemopoietic fetal liver cells suggests that T-cell precursors develop in fetal liver as well as B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02443.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vincristine pharmacokinetics after repetitive dosing in children (1999)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 44 (1999), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Vincristine ; Pharmacokinetics ; Repetitive dosing ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: We studied vincristine disposition after 169 weekly i.v. bolus injections in 32 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or Wilms' tumor. The aim of the study was to determine intrapatient and interpatient variability in vincristine disposition and demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics influencing this variability. Methods: Vincristine plasma concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay with electrochemical detection. A limited sampling strategy was used based on a bayesian parameter estimation algorithm that is part of the ADAPT II software package. A two-compartment, first-order model was fitted to the data, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the model using the ADAPT II software. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t test, simple and multiple regression analysis, and non-parametric or robust equivalents were used. Results: Results showed a large intrapatient and interpatient variability in distribution half-life, elimination half-life, total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution at steady state, and area under the concentration–time curve. Intrapatient variability was significantly smaller than interpatient variability for all these parameters except distribution half-life. The diagnosis or treatment protocol turned out to be the most predictive characteristic; leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients had a significantly higher total body clearance than Wilms' tumor patients. Conclusions: We conclude that both intrapatient and interpatient variability in vincristine pharmacokinetics is large in pediatric cancer patients and that variability, although significantly influenced by diagnosis, largely remains unpredictable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050968
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chemotherapy on osteosarcoma of the extremities as apparent from conventional roentgenograms (1986)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 16 (1986), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of chemotherapy has greatly changed the treatment of osteosarcoma. During the preoperative phase the tumor response to chemotherapy can be assessed in various ways. This paper discusses the clinical, histological and radiological response to preoperative chemotherapy in three patients. Changes in conventional roentgenograms following chemotherapy can reflect the effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor. This can be important in planning further chemotherapy or surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386820
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with cotrimoxazole 18 mg/kg (1998)
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 6 (1998), S. 300-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005200050171
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of lymphocyte subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies in human fetuses (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 4 (1984), S. 36-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: T-cell ontogeny ; human featuses ; monoclonal antibodies ; bone marrow ; thymus ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used a panel of monoclonal antibodies to examine the development of lymphoid and myeloid sub-populations of cells in thymus, bone marrow, and liver of 16 fetuses from 12 to 16 weeks of gestational age. Pre-B and IgM+ B cells were present at a ratio of approximately 2:1 in all of the fetal bone marrow and liver samples; cells of both phenotypes were HLA-DR+ but did not express the mature B-cell antigen, HB-2. Cells expressing the myelomonocytic antigen, MMA or Leu-M1, were more frequent in bone marrow (40%) than in fetal liver (10%), and cells expressing the HNK-1 or Leu-7 antigen were rare (〈1%) in all of the fetal tissues examined. Each of the T-cell antigens, T1, 4, 5, 6, and 8, was expressed by a majority of thymocytes irrespective of the age of the fetal donor. In contrast, cells with the T1, 4, 5, and 8 antigens were not seen in bone marrow and liver before the 13th week of gestation, and T6+ cells were never seen in these hemopoietic tissues. These results suggest that fetal liver and bone marrow precursors in humans do not express these T-cell antigens prior to thymic entry and the onset of thymocyte differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915285
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of single chemotherapeutic agents on the growing skeleton of the rat (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1121-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cisplatin ; doxorubicin ; growth ; methotrexate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:To establish the effect of chemotherapeutics on thegrowing skeleton, male Wistar rats were studied. Design:Between the ages of 4 and 13 weeks the rats were giveni.v. doxorubicin 15 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA), methotrexate 60mg/m2 BSA or cisplatin 7.5 mg/m2 BSA. For each group ofdrug-treated rats there was a diet-matched control group that was injectedwith a placebo only. Rats fed ad libitum served as the basic control group forlength and weight growth. Body weight and tibial length were measured weekly.Kidney and liver weight were determined at the end of the study. Results:Weight gain and length growth were significantlydecreased in the diet controlled groups (P 〈 0.05). Doxorubicinreduced length growth with 4.12 mm or 18 % (P 〈 0.05).Methotrexate reduced length growth with 1.11 mm or 5 % (P 〈0.05). Length growth in the cisplatin treated rats did not differ from thediet controls. Conclusions:Doxorubicin and methotrexate decrease length growthin the rat tibia by, respectively, 18% and 5%. Cisplatin doesnot affect length growth. The decrease in growth might be a direct effect ofdoxorubicin and methotrexate on the tibial growth plate and metaphysis, butmay be more pronounced due to the malnutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008352620870
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