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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoconductor x/γ-ray detectors and x-ray bolometers (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2182-2183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Photoconductors are very promising x/γ-ray detectors and x-ray bolometers for pulsed x/γ-ray measurements. They are fast, sensitive, and theoretically flat in spectral response for low energy x rays. We report our tests of InP:Fe, GaAs, and GaAs:Cr, both neutron damaged and undamaged, at Nova laser, Febetrons, and electron linear accelerators. The temporal and spectral responses are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flat response detectors from UV to x-ray region (invited) (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2011-2011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Photoconductive detectors can provide fast, sensitive, flat response in a simple package. We have studied 1-mm cubes of InP doped with Fe and neutron-damaged GaAs for use as detectors in the UV and x-ray region. The doping and neutron damaging are used to increase the speed of the detectors which may be as fast as a few picoseconds. These detectors are not sensitive to radiation below the band gap of the material (1.3 eV) and are limited by the stopping power of the material at high photon energies. The sensitivity of the detectors which is proportional to the energy to form an electron-hole pair in the material is constant throughout the UV and x-ray range resulting in a flat response detector. The magnitude of the sensitivity of these detectors can far exceed that of photoemissive detectors (XRDs). Lasers, synchrotrons, z pinches, and laser-produced plasmas have been used as radiation sources to calibrate the detectors' performance: sensitivity and linearity. The results of these measurements will be reviewed and the limits of the applicability of these detectors will be described. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. DOE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138773
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of InP:Fe photoconductors as a fast and sensitive soft x-ray detector and bolometer (abstract) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 846-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recently we have demonstrated that InP:Fe photoconductors are fast (FWHM∼150 ps), sensitive (2.7×10−3 A/W), and flat response soft x-ray detectors using synchrotron radiation from the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory.1 We have applied these to the measurement of the radiation emitted by a collapsing annular gas (argon) puff z-pinch plasma. The detector was used in two modes of operation: (1) a filtered soft x-ray detector as a pinch diagnostic and (2) a fast unfiltered bolometer to measure the total radiated power as a function of time. We will compare the performance of the photoconductors to other common fast x-ray detectors and bolometers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138064
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heating of a dense plasma using a relativistic electron beam (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1748-1752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have carried out an experiment to measure the heating of a dense carbon plasma, ne∼1018–1019 cm−3, by a relativistic electron beam. Using spectroscopic methods, the temperature of the plasma was measured. By taking into consideration the heat loss mechanisms in the plasma, the amount of energy deposited into the plasma by the beam was determined. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341770
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron emission time measurements for ICF targets (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1697-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The neutron emission time for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion targets is determined from data recorded with fast neutron and optical detector systems. Two types of neutron detectors are used. Radiation-induced conductivity devices have a 130-ps FWHM response and are sensitive to targets with yields greater than 5×1010 DT neutrons. They measure the average neutron emission time with a precision of ±50 ps and are fast enough to measure the neutron production rate within a target core as a function of time. Plastic scintillators coupled to microchannel-plate photomultiplier tubes have a 1.2-ns FWHM response and measure the average neutron emission time with a precision of ±75 ps for targets with yields greater than 106 neutrons. Streak cameras record the incident laser power. Optical fiducial signals that are injected into each detector are used to cross time between the detector systems. Measurements made on 1-mm-diam spherical targets irradiated with 23 kJ of 0.35-μm light delivered in a temporally square 1.1-ns pulse and yielding 1013 neutrons show a burn duration greater than 300 ps and an average neutron emission time of about 850 ps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140137
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced conductivity: The high-speed detection of photons and particles (invited) (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1890-1890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-speed photoconductors have been used to detect photons from the infrared to gamma rays. Their technology has been extended to new materials and to the detection of particles (radiation-induced conductivity). The new materials include thin films of GaAs and diamond and bulk type IIa insulating diamond which complement previously tested material, bulk InP and GaAs. Thin films offer high speeds and discrimination against penetrating radiation. Insulating diamond is insensitive to visible light (scattered laser radiation). Both properties can be extremely valuable in a laser–plasma environment. In addition, these detectors have been used to detect 14-MeV neutron pulses from laser fusion experiments on the Nova laser. The thermonuclear burn rate and its temporal relationship to the driving laser pulse have been determined with 100-ps time resolution. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140044
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle- and photoinduced conductivity in type-IIa diamonds (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1086-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical characteristics associated with radiation detection were measured on single-crystal natural type-IIa diamond using two techniques: charged particle-induced conductivity and time-resolved transient photoinduced conductivity. The two techniques complement each other: The charged particle-induced conductivity technique measures the product of the carrier mobility μ and lifetime τ throughout the bulk of the material while the transient photoconductivity technique measures the carrier mobility and lifetime independently at the first few micrometers of the material surface. For each technique, the μτ product was determined by integration of the respective signals. The collection distance that a free carrier drifts in an electric field was extracted by each technique. As a result, a direct comparison of bulk and surface electrical properties was performed. The data from these two techniques are in agreement, indicating no difference in the electrical properties between the bulk and the surface of the material. The collection distance continues to increase with field up to 25 kV/cm without saturation. Using the transient photoconductivity technique the carrier mobility was measured separately and compared with a simple electron-phonon scattering model. The general characteristics of carrier mobility, lifetime, and collection distance at low electric field appear to be adequately described by the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354957
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependent mobility in single-crystal and chemical vapor-deposited diamond (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2888-2894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The combined electron and hole mobility of a single-crystal type IIa natural diamond and a polycrystalline diamond film deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were measured using transient photoconductivity as a function of excitation density (1013–1017 cm−3) and temperature (120–410 K). In natural diamond the temperature dependence suggests that the mobility is limited by phonon scattering at low free carrier densities, and by electron-hole scattering at high densities. The combined electron and hole phonon-limited mobility at room temperature is 3000 (±500) cm2/V s. In the CVD film, the mobility at room temperature was estimated to be 50 cm2/V s at low excitation densities. The temperature dependence of the mobility-lifetime product at low excitation densities is different from that of natural diamond, and suggests that charged center scattering, rather than acoustic phonon scattering, is the dominant effect. High densities of nitrogen and dislocations are known to be present in the natural diamond, and these appear to be the dominant recombination sites which limit the carrier lifetime. In the polycrystalline film a variety of structural defects and impurities are believed to exist, but it is unknown which of these dominates the transport and recombination properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially resolved measurement of lattice damage in alpha-particle-irradiated type IIa natural diamond by confocal photoluminescence microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4050-4053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Confocal fluorescence microscopy has been used to measure the three-dimensional distribution of the H3 color center produced in type IIa natural diamonds by 5 MeV He+ irradiation at a total fluence of 8×1015 cm−2. The peak of the H3 emission occurs 16 μm below the surface of the irradiated side of the diamond, which is in fair agreement with the peak of the vacancy distribution predicted by a Monte Carlo calculation (transport of ions in matter or trim). The H3 distribution is broader in the direction normal to the surface (10 μm full width at half maximum) than the trim calculation. This is attributed to diffusion of vacancies caused by self-annealing during irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357353
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased x-ray conversion efficiency from gold plasmas irradiated with spatially and temporally incoherent light (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1496-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The efficiency with which 1.05 μm laser light is converted into x rays with energy less than 1.5 keV in high Z materials (gold) is increased by approximately 20% with the use of spatially and temporally incoherent light when compared to a nominal, high-powered laser beam with an identical average irradiance of 1014 W/cm2. This effect is not a result of increased laser light absorption, laser bandwidth, nor reduced hot electron generation for the incoherent light, but is probably due to the change in the short scale length (∼100 μm) laser light intensity distribution in the target plane. The absolute levels of stimulated scattering and hot electron generation were small in all cases. Incoherent illumination reduced stimulated Brillouin scattering levels from 1.1% to 0.2% and, similarly, hot electron generation was decreased from 0.1% to 0.07%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859717
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