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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: High molecular weight neurofilament ; Phosphorylation ; Peripheral nervous system ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Multiple system atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using monoclonal antibody (Ta-51) that specifically binds phosphorylated high molecular weight neurofilament (pNFH) proteins, we investigated the occurrence of perikaryal pNFH in the spinal ventral horn motoneurons, intermediolateral column (ILC) neurons, sympathetic ganglion neurons and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons obtained from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) and from control cases. In the controls, a system-dependent variation in perikaryal Ta-51 immunoreactivity was observed. Very few ventral horn cells and ILC neurons were stained with Ta-51, while large population of DRG neurons and sympathetic neurons were Ta-51 positive. The incidence of perikaryal immunoreactivity in the ventral horn cells was significantly increased in ALS and MSA. Some ILC neurons in ALS were Ta-51 positive and their incidence was significantly higher than that of the controls. These data suggest that both ILC neurons and ventral horn cells are affected with respect to pNFH metabolism in ALS and MSA. No significant difference was, however, detected in the Ta-51 immunoreactivity of both DRG and sympathetic ganglion neurons in ALS and MSA as compared with the controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 102 (1995), S. 511-518 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nystagmus ; Torsion Torsional optokinetic nystagmus ; Parabolic flights ; Eye movements ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of varying gravitoinertial forces on torsional optokinetic nystagmus during parabolic flights. Using the scierai search-coil technique, we measured the gain and phase lag of torsional optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) induced by a hemispherical visual display rotating about the roll axis either at constant velocity or sinusoidally at various frequencies during level flight, hypogravity, and hypergravity. Compared with level flight, there was a significant increase in slowphase eye velocity during hypogravity and an increase in nystagmic frequency. An absence of well-developed torsional optokinetic afternystagmus was observed in all three gravity conditions. Other characteristics included a lack of a slow rise component. These data suggest that otolith inputs do affect torsional OKN. The absence of well-developed torsional optokinetic afternystagmus suggests that the velocity storage pathways do not contribute significantly to the torsional OKN system in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: We review our progress in developing single-mode tellurite glass holey fiber for infrarednonlinear applications. Tellurite glass preforms with complex holey structure were fabricated byusing glass extrusion technique. The fabrication of single-mode tellurite holey fibers with theeffective mode area ranging from 2.6-3000mm2 and the effective nonlinearity γ ranging from 0.23-280W-1km-1 were demonstrated. By controlling the microstructured features in the holey cladding,the dispersion profile and the zero dispersion wavelength of this type of single-material optical fiberwere tailored within a broad range. Broadband supercontinuum spectra from 0.9 to 2.5mm weregenerated from the fabricated fibers by using femtosecond laser. Attenuations due to the impurities,such as transition metal ions, rare-earth ions and hydroxyl groups, were also investigated in the bulktellurite glass and fiber from visible to mid-infrared regimes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 32 (1993), S. 2991-2996 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 31 (1992), S. 475-481 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3979-3982 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Development of solid-state laser drivers of higher operating fluence is dependent upon the damage resistance of the frequency conversion crystals. We have demonstrated the correlation between the purity of the crystal growth solution and the laser damage threshold of single-crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Impurities introduced in the growth process can be atomic species, inorganic or organic compounds (dissolved or particulate), or bacteria. We have developed a purification process for KDP that minimizes contamination: initial recrystallization of bulk KDP followed by ozonation to remove oxidizable material, ultrafiltration to remove nonoxidized particles, and UV-light exposure to suppress bacterial growth. We have also developed a crystal growth method that excludes load-bearing surfaces, which are a potential source of particulate contamination, from the growth environment. The method, which incorporates continuous filtration and continuous flow of the growth solution has yielded crystals with damage thresholds of 28.6 J/cm2 at 355 nm and greater than 64 J/cm2 at 1064 nm (10-ns pulse length).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The InP(110) surface becomes phosphorus deficient with increasing annealing temperature up to 200 °C and recovers nearly the initial stoichiometry at about 350 °C. The Schottky barrier heights formed on these annealed surfaces using Pd show a good correlation with the phosphorus loss from the surface due to annealing. This band-bending study using photoemission spectroscopy suggests the following: (i) Annealing creates donor defects due to phosphorus loss from the surface with a level at about 0.6 eV above the valence-band maximum (VBM); (ii) Pd deposition on InP(110) creates some other defects at around 0.9 eV above the VBM as usual; (iii) the surface Fermi-level positions ranging from 0.62 to 0.9 eV above the VBM are determined by the balance of these interface defect-state densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2315-2326 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gas-phase atomic hydrogen concentration profiles were measured near the deposition substrate in atmospheric-pressure, stagnation-flow diamond-forming flames. In these flames, an acetylene-oxygen-hydrogen mixture accelerates through a nozzle and impinges on a water-cooled molybdenum substrate, stabilizing a flat-flame approximately 1 mm below the substrate. A thin, polycrystalline diamond film is deposited on the substrate under appropriate conditions of flame stoichiometry and substrate temperature. Three-photon-excitation laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was used to determine the H-atom concentration at various points between the substrate and the incoming premixed jet. The estimated H-atom LIF accuracy is ±40–50% in the diamond-forming flames, and the estimated spatial resolution is ±100 μm perpendicular to the deposition surface. The LIF measurements show that the peak atomic hydrogen mole fraction is approximately 5%, significantly less than the calculated adiabatic equilibrium concentration. This subequilibrium mole fraction results from the slow rate of acetylene dissociation for the fuel-rich conditions in the post-flame gases and the creation of superequilibrium concentrations of CO2 and H2O in the reaction zone. The measured subequilibrium H-atom concentrations are consistent with our previous measurements of superequilibrium temperatures in the post-flame region of these flames. We present numerical calculations of species and temperature profiles in our diamond-forming flames. The measured subequilibrium H-atom concentration profiles are in good agreement with theoretical calculations of the profile. Measured peak flame temperatures are in general 100–200 K lower than calculated peak temperatures, but the calculated and measured profiles are in excellent agreement in the high-gradient region near the deposition substrate. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Journal of research in reading 27 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9817
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Education
    Notes: Previous correlational and experimental research has found a positive association between phonological awareness and reading skills. This paper provides an overview of studies in this area and shows that many studies have neglected to control for extraneous variables such as ability, phonological memory, pre-existing reading skills and letter knowledge. The paper reports on the results of a longitudinal study that took account of these variables when examining the relationship between phonological awareness and reading for a group of children during their first two years at school. Children showed rhyme awareness before they began to read but were unable to perform a phoneme deletion task until after they had developed word-reading skills. Concurrent and predictive correlations between phonological awareness scores and later reading were often significant and remained so after adjusting for verbal ability or phonological memory. Controlling for letter knowledge, however, reduced most correlations to nonsignificant levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When human skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, a highly complex cascade of events ensues that culminates, among other things, in increased skin melanin content. From analyses at the tissue and cellular level, it has been shown that following exposure to UV light there is an increase in the number of active melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, and individual melanocytes are stimulated to produce more melanin. In addition, the rate of transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes is apparently increased, although the role of UV light in this process remains to be demonstrated. Recent biochemical evidence is reviewed on factors that regulate these processes. A plausible explanation for the effects of UV on pigmentation is that there are mechanisms in the skin for the orderly, regulated reception of UV signals that are then transduced to initiate the cascade. The signals involve both melanocytes and keratinocytes, and avail-able evidence supports a model in which melanotropins and their receptors play a central role in the process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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