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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 42 (1962), S. 289-298 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary From these observations, it can be concluded that V-forms and other angular cell arrangements in Arthrobacter atrocyaneus can arise in several different ways. As summarized diagrammatically in Fig. 5, the irregular cell conjunctions so characteristic of these corynebacteria might be the result of snapping post-fission movement, the germination of adjacent coccoid elements, or the angular growth (germination) of rod-shaped organisms. As yet, the mechanisms underlying each of these processes remain to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Fatty acid composition ; Simonsiella ; Classification ; Discriminant analysis ; Canonical variables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters of bound fatty acids extracted from the cells of 48 Simonsiella strains showed that these aerobic, gliding, multicellular-filamentous bacteria have fatty acid profiles of the pattern considered typical of Gramnegative eubacteria. All strains contained predominantly tetradecanoic acid (29.5%), 9-hexadecenoic acid (22.2%), an unidentified acid with an equivalent chain length of approximately 20 carbon atoms (15.8%), and dodecanoic acid (11.4%). Discriminant analysis of the mean relative percentages of 12 fatty acids correctly assigned 94% of the strains to groups based on their source of origin (i.e., the oral cavities of sheep, cat, human or dog); the relative amounts of only 3 of the fatty acids (9-octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid) provided most of this discrimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Simonsiella ; Gliding prokaryotes ; Oral flora ; Isolation procedure ; Numerical taxonomy ; Phenogram ; Ecospecies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Forty-nine strains of the gliding prokaryote Simonsiella were isolated from the oral cavities of cats (8), dogs (19), sheep (4), and humans (18) in Southern California by a direct isolation procedure using a complex serum-enriched medium. The numerical taxonomic analysis (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) of 57 differential traits for each strain was based on standard bacteriological diagnostic tests and included the molar guanine-pluscytosine contents of the DNA and the relative percentages of fatty acid contents reported earlier. The resulting phenogram clustered the strains of Simonsiella into groups that correlated with sources of origin. The study included the neotype strain of Simonsiella crassa (ATCC 27504, ICPB 3651, NCTC 10283) of Australian sheep origin. The strains isolated from dogs, sheep, and humans form clusters of organisms that appear to have become adapted to live in and possibly to have evolved with their respective “hosts”. In our judgment, these source-of-origin clusters represent different “ecospecies”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 36 (1960), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gliding bacterium ; Simonsiella ; Oral cavity ; Electron microscopy ; Morphology ; Dorsal-ventral differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of the aerobic, Gram-negative multicellular-filamentous bacteria of the genus Simonsiella were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flat, ribbon-shaped, multicellular filaments show dorsal-ventral differentiation with respect to their orientations to solid substrata. The dorsal surface, orientated away from the substrate, is convex and possesses an unstructured capsule. The ventral surface, on which the organisms adhere and glide, is concave and has an extracellular layer with fibrils extending at right angles from the cell wall. The cytoplasm in the ventral region contains a proliferation of intracytoplasmic membranes and few ribosomes in comparison to the cytoplasm in other parts of the cell. Centripetal cell wall formation is asymmetrical and commences preferentially in the ventral region. Quantitative differences in morphology and cytology exist among selected Simonsiella strains. Functional aspects of this dorsalventral differentiation are discussed with respect to the colonization and adherence of Simonsiella to mucosal squamous epithelial cells in its ecological habitat, the oral cavities of warm-blooded vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: DNA ; GC content ; Simonsiellaceae ; Simonsiella ; Alysiella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The molar percentages of guanine plus cytosine in the DNA of 51 strains of Simonsiellaceae were determined by buoyant density ultracentrifugation of cell lysates in CsCl. The DNA base ratios ranged from 41–55 mole-% guanine plus cytosine. These values fall within the range known for the Order Cytophagales, the non-fruiting gliding bacteria, and are out-side the range of the Order Myxobacterales, the fruiting myxobacteria. Among the strains of the genus Simonsiella, four distinct groups can be delineated on the basis of source of origin (sheep, dog, cat, human) and GC content. The neotype of Alysiella filiformis has a GC content of 45.4 mole-%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die extracelluläre Abscheidung eines unlöslichen blauen Pigments (Indigoidin) wurde zuerst bei Pseudomonas indigofera beobachtet. Historisch wird auf die verschiedenen Benennungen dieses Bakteriums eingegangen. Beschrieben wird die Darstellung blauer Farbstoffe aus Kulturen verschiedener Bakterien. Die von Corynebacterium insidiosum, Arthrobacter atrocyaneus und Arthrobacter polychromogenes gebildeten Pigmente sind identisch mit Indigoidin von P. indigofera. Die Identität wird bewiesen durch physikalische und chemische Vergleiche der Pigmente und ihrer Derivate. Der Name Indigoidin, der früher nur für das Pigment von P. indigofera verwendet wurde, wird nun unabhängig von der Herkunft des Pigments benützt. Indigoidin (I), C10H8N4O4, ist 5,5′-Diamino-4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-diazadiphenochinon-(2,2′). Durch Erhitzen mit 6 n HCl entsteht daraus ein Hydrolyseprodukt (III), C10H6N2O6, das als 4,5,4′,5′-Tetrahydroxy-3,3′-diazadiphenochinon-(2,2′) erkannt wurde. Dieses Hydrolyseprodukt (III) bildet ein Monokaliumsalz (VII), das identisch ist mit dem grünen Pigment, das Arthrobacter crystallopoietes bei Zusatz von Pyridon-(2) bildet. Über Synthesen des Indigoidins (I) und seines Hydrolyseprodukts (III), die von 3,3′-Bipyridyl, von Citrazinsäure oder 5-Amino-pyridon-(2) ausgehen, wird an anderer Stelle berichtet. Beschrieben wird die Darstellung folgender Indigoidin-Derivate: 5,5′-Diacetamino-4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-diazadiphenochinon-(2,2′) (II), C14H12N4O6; 4,4′-Dihydroxy-5,5′-diacetoxy-3,3′-diazadiphenochinon-(2,2′) (IV), C14H10N2O8; 2,5,6,2′.5′.6′-Hexaacetoxy-3,3′-bipyridyl (VI), C22H20N2O12 und 4,4′-Dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-diazadiphenochinon-(2,2′) (V), C12H10N2O6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 74 (1970), S. 292-300 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beleuchtung im Mikroskop kann bei Bakterien, welche auf Nährbouillonagar in ihrer Entwicklung beobachtet werden, Wachstumshemmung, morphologische Veränderungen und Abtötung verursachen, auch wenn der Spektralbereich auf das Sichtbare begrenzt ist. Verschiedene Bakterien unterscheiden sich in ihrer Empfindlichkeit. Nicht nur Photoinaktivierung, sondern auch Erwärmung infolge absorbierter Strahlungsenergie kann zu den Folgen beitragen; Benzalaceton in Wasser schmilzt unter Beleuchtung im Mikroskop bei einer Umgebungstemperatur, welche 15°C unter derjenigen des Schmelzpunktes liegt. Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Beleuchtungseinflüsse werden besprochen.
    Notes: Summary Microscope illumination can cause retardation of growth, morphological alterations, and death of bacteria on nutrient agar in microscope growth chambers, even if the radiation is limited to the visible range of the spectrum. Various bacteria differ from one another in their sensitivity to microscope illumination. Not only photoinactivation but also a rise in temperature may contribute to these effects, as shown by the melting of benzalacetone in the illuminated field of an aqueous mount at an ambient temperature at least 15 degrees below its M. P. Recommendations are presented for reducing the effects of microscope illumination in developmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 52 (1965), S. 360-375 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The characteristic arrangement of the cells of Lampropedia hyalina in rectangular sheets makes this bacterium an attractive model for studying clonal morphogenesis. In micro-slide cultures, clones develop from a single cell by growing and dividing along two parallel sets of growth axes, synchronized alternately by 90 degrees. The formation of the intracytoplasmic granules, chemically identified as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid, also follows this pattern. One predominant granule occurs in each cell under “standard” cultural conditions (1.0% Difco yeast extract, 30°C), and formation of new polymer granules precedes division of the cell. The variation of environmental factors-such as pH in the presence of phosphate, nutrient concentration, and temperature-disturbs greatly the regular pattern of morphogenesis and cytogenesis in Lampropedia. This disarray includes an increase in the number of granules per cell; excessive amounts of polymer; distention and lysis of cells; disorderly arrangement of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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