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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2308-2312 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of the oxygen dose on the microstructure and the dielectric properties of the buried oxide in oxygen implanted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures have been studied. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analyses show that the density of oxygen precipitates at the silicon/buried-oxide interface increases with a decreasing oxygen dose when identical annealing processes are employed. Annealing studies reveal that 1275 °C anneals annihilate the oxygen precipitates. A longer annealing time is required to achieve an oxygen-precipitate-free silicon layer in an SOI substrate implanted with a lower oxygen dose. The inverse relationship between oxygen content in the silicon film and oxygen dose is attributed to the redistribution of oxygen during implantation. In the oxygen dose range studied, the thickness and the breakdown voltage of the buried oxide layer increase with increasing oxygen dose. Higher postimplant annealing temperature improves the isolation properties of the buried oxide layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 166-174 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of implant dose and postimplant annealing treatment on the microstructure of nitrogen-implanted silicon-on-insulator were studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy techniques. In the lower dose case (0.75×1018/cm2) an amorphous silicon layer forms after implantation. Annealing at 1200 °C or higher results in a buried polycrystalline α-Si3N4 layer containing many randomly oriented silicon particles. Higher dose implantation results in an amorphous silicon-nitride layer. A porous layer also forms in the middle of the amorphous layer if the implant dose is 1.2×1018/cm2 or higher. The crystallization of the amorphous layer in the higher dose cases is shown to happen in two steps. In the first step nucleation and growth of α-Si3N4 grains occur in the amorphous nitride region to form a spherulitic polycrystalline structure. The second step is the cellular growth of the spherulitic nitride grains into the crystalline silicon regions. Silicon particles are trapped at the cell walls as the cellular reaction advances. These particles are conglomerated and sphereodized but retain the same orientation as the substrate silicon at higher temperatures. The quality of the top silicon film is excellent after annealing at 1200 °C or higher, irrespective of the implant dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 23-25 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A viscous jet is not usually observed to separate from a sharp edge in the manner expected theoretically. In the present paper the separation of a creeping jet emerging from a tube with a rounded exit is considered. As a separation criterion, in the absence of surface tension, we propose that the traction normal to the nozzle surface drops to zero at the separation point. Boundary-element calculations then show a behavior that agrees with experimental data and with previous finite-element computations. They also permit the Michael condition to be observed at separation, so that the discrepancy between finite-element calculations and theory is removed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is found both in motor end-plate (MEP)-free and MEP-rich regions of rat or mouse muscle. We studied the developmental aspects of the localization of asymmetric 16S AChE in both regions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which has a well-defined zone of motor innervation. In the rat, the proportion of 16S AChE to total AChE increases in the MEP-rich region, and becomes significantly higher than in the MEP-free regions between the first and the second weeks after birth. In the mouse, at birth, the MEP-rich region already has a higher relative content in 16S AChE than the MEP-free regions. Total 16S AChE amounts increase during postnatal development, not only in the MEP-rich region but also in the MEP-free regions. Thus, 16S AChE is not eliminated from MEP-free regions during muscle maturation and growth. Two distinct pools of 16S AChE are distinguished in the muscles, both of which increase during postnatal development: junctional and background 16S AChE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Currently, there is a lack of published data examining hepatitis C treatment practices in different care settings.Aim : To provide data describing treatment practices for patients with hepatitis C virus infection in actual clinical practice, and to examine clinical outcomes in patients treated with interferon alpha-2b/ribavirin combination therapy in academically affiliated centres, private treatment centres and Veterans' Affairs treatment centres.Methods : This multi-centre, retrospective, cohort study of 231 patients examined hepatitis C virus treatment practices in patients receiving interferon alpha-2b from January 1997 to May 2001 and explored outcomes in academically affiliated, private and Veterans' Affairs centres.Results : Differences in treatment practice and use of diagnostic procedures were found. Genotype testing was under-utilized in non-academic sites (academic centres, 79.2%; private centres, 33.7%; Veterans' Affairs centres, 35.9%; P 〈 0.001). Liver biopsies were performed less often in private sites (academic centres, 95.8%; private centres, 80.0%; Veterans' Affairs centres, 92.2%; P 〈 0.01). End-of-treatment viral response (academic centres, 40.0%; private centres, 31.3%; Veterans' Affairs centres, 17.2%; P 〈 0.05) was lower than that found in published trial data. Multivariate analysis revealed genotype 1 as the single significant predictor of treatment failure (P 〈 0.01).Conclusions : Outside of the academic setting, there is significantly less diagnostic work-up performed prior to the initiation of hepatitis C virus therapy. This suggests a need for a standardization of care across treatment settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the use of measurements of serum concentrations of the cardiac proteins troponins I and T as biochemical markers of myocardial cell damage in 80 patients undergoing vascular or major orthopaedic surgery. Holter electrocardiographic monitoring was carried out before surgery and for 3 days after surgery. Blood samples for troponins I and T and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme were taken on each of these 4 days. Outcome was assessed at 3 months using a patient questionnaire, general practitioner follow-up and case notes review. Silent postoperative myocardial ischaemia was detected in 21 patients; increases in troponins I and T and creatine kinase-MB occurred in four, six and 17 of these patients, respectively. Eight patients suffered major postoperative complications (cardiac death, myocardial ischaemia, congestive cardiac failure, unstable angina and cerebrovascular accident) and 21 minor complications (poorly controlled hypertension needing increased or new additional treatment, palpitations, increased tiredness or shortness of breath in the absence of known respiratory disease). There were no associations between postoperative ischaemia and cardiac protein concentrations. The relative odds for the associations of major adverse outcome at 3 months after surgery and postoperative ischaemia or increased serum concentrations of the three proteins were 5.39 [95% confidence intervals 1.16–27.67] for postoperative ischaemia; 5.64 [1.07–31.00] for creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme; 17.00 [2.20–116.54] for troponin T and 13.20 [1.12–135.00] for troponin I. We found troponin T to be the only prospective marker for both major and minor cardiovascular complications (relative odds 10.65 [1.26–252.88]).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development of volatile components in milled rice was investigated over 50 d of storage. The major volatiles were identified and measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative odor potencies were subsequently calculated as aroma values. Volatile concentrations were greater in partially milled rice than in fully milled rice. Concentrations of 2-nonenal, octanal, and hexanal increased significantly during storage whereas heptanal, 3-penten-2-one, and 2-pentylfuran did not. Octanal (fatty) and 2-nonenal (rancid) had the highest contributions to milled rice odor. The aroma values for hexanal and 2-pentylfuran changed by a larger factor relative to those for heptanal, 2-nonenal, 3-penten-2-one, and octanal during early storage, whereas the aroma value for 2-nonenal increased by a higher factor than those obtained for the other components during late storage. Hexanal and 2-pentylfuran had the highest influence on odor change at the beginning of storage, whereas 2-nonenal influenced odor change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 5283-5286 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47 (1996), S. 569-593 
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen assimilation is a vital process controlling plant growth and development. Inorganic nitrogen is assimilated into the amino acids glutamine, glutamate, asparagine, and aspartate, which serve as important nitrogen carriers in plants. The enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and asparagine synthetase (AS) are responsible for the biosynthesis of these nitrogen-carrying amino acids. Biochemical studies have revealed the existence of multiple isoenzymes for each of these enzymes. Recent molecular analyses demonstrate that each enzyme is encoded by a gene family wherein individual members encode distinct isoenzymes that are differentially regulated by environmental stimuli, metabolic control, developmental control, and tissue/cell-type specificity. We review the recent progress in using molecular-genetic approaches to delineate the regulatory mechanisms controlling nitrogen assimilation into amino acids and to define the physiological role of each isoenzyme involved in this metabolic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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