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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plexus brachialis ; vertikale infraklavikuläre Plexusblockade ; axilläre Plexusblockade ; Nervenstimulation ; Key words Brachial plexus ; Vertical infraclavicular block ; Axillary block ; Nerve stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We examined the efficacy of the vertical infraclavicular block for plexus brachialis anaesthesia using a nerve stimulator after introducing the method (VIP1) and after three years of clinical experience (VIP2). In two prospective studies we compared the results with each other as well as with the efficacy of the axillary block (AX). At VIP1, we found a complete analgesia in 88% of the patients, whereas in 9% a supplementation was needed. In group AX the results were significantly worse (complete: 70%, supplementation: 24%; p〈0.001). No increase of the rate of efficacy could be found when having some clinical experience with the VIP (VIP2: complete 87%, supplement: 11%). In general, the results of the VIP depended on the motoric answer to the nerve stimulation. There were no complications of the VIP such as nerve lesions or pneumothorax. The VIP using a nerve stimulator is a simple, reliable and uncomplicated method for plexus-brachialis-anaesthesia, which is easy to learn.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Plexus-brachialis-Anästhesie durch den vertikalen infraklavikulären Zugang (VIP) mittels Nervenstimulation wurde in zwei prospektiven Studien die Erfolgsrate bei Neueinführung des Verfahrens (VIP1) sowie nach dreijähriger klinischer Erfahrung geprüft (VIP2) und untereinander sowie mit der Erfolgsrate der axillären Blockadetechnik mittels Nervenstimulation (AX) verglichen. Untersucht wurden jeweils ca. 100 Patienten. Bei VIP1 zeigte sich ein kompletter Blockadeerfolg in 88%, eine Notwendigkeit zur Supplementierung in 9% bzw. zum Verfahrenswechsel in 3% der Fälle. Die Ergebnisse der axillären Plexusblockade waren signifikant schlechter (AX: komplett 70%, Supplementierung 24%; p〈0,001). Die Erfolgsrate des VIP ließ sich durch längere klinische Erfahrung nicht steigern (VIP2: komplett 87%; Supplementierung 11%; Verfahrenswechsel 2%). Der Blockadeerfolg war abhängig vom Ort der motorischen Antwort auf die Nervenstimulation. Komplikationen des VIP wie Nervenschädigung oder Pneumothorax wurden nicht beobachtet. Die vertikale infraklavikuläre Blockade mittels Nervenstimulation ist als einfache, leicht zu erlernende, zuverlässige und komplikationsarme Methode zur Plexus-brachialis-Anästhesie einzuschätzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Vertikale Infraklavikuläre Blockade ; Pneumothorax ; Komplikation ; Plexus brachialis ; VIP ; Keywords Vertical infraclavicular blockade ; Pneumothorax ; Complications ; Brachial plexus ; VIP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A 50 year old female patient received anaesthesia of the arm by the vertical infraclavicular blockade of the plexus brachialis (VIP). Postoperatively an ipsilateral pneumothorax occured complicated by pleural effusion and a contralateral bronchopneumonia, which resolved completely after treatment. The blockade of the plexus was performed correctly, failures in determining the correct point of needle insertion could be excluded. Therefore a pneumothorax has to be regarded as a specific complication of the VIP, which might occur despite correct technique, and requires that the patient be informed of this eventuality. Nevertheless, the VIP is an important method due to its high success rate concerning blockade of the musculocutaneous nerve and tolerance of tourniquet. The risk of a pneumothorax is about 0.2 to 0.7%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 50-jährigen Patientin wurde im Rahmen einer elektiven Operation an der Hand die Anästhesie durch die Vertikale Infraklavikuläre Plexus-brachialis Blockade (VIP) nach Kilka durchgeführt. Postoperativ kam es zum Auftreten eines ipsilateralen Pneumothorax, welcher durch einen Pleuraerguss und eine kontralaterale Bronchopneumonie kompliziert wurde. Unter invasiver Behandlung der Patientin kam es bezüglich aller Komplikationen zur restitutio ad integrum. Die Durchführung der Anästhesie war lege artis entsprechend der Erstbeschreibung, Fehler bei der Bestimmung der Punktionsstelle konnten mit größtmöglicher Wahrscheinlichkeit ausgeschlossen werden. Ein Pneumothorax bei der Vertikalen Infraklavikulären Plexus-brachialis Blockade stellt auch bei korrekter Durchführung unter Vermeidung von beschriebenen Kardinalfehlern ein methodenspezifisches und somit aufklärungspflichtiges Risiko dar. Der VIP ist dennoch eine wichtige Ergänzung der herkömmlichen Methoden zur Blockade des Plexus brachialis, da er sich durch eine hohe Erfolgsrate speziell im Bereich des N. musculocutaneus und in der Toleranz eines Tourniquets auszeichnet. Nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen ist von einem Pneumothoraxrisiko von 0,2–0,7% auszugehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper, an efficient magnetomechanical calculation scheme based on the finite element method is presented. This scheme is used for the precise forecast of the dynamical behavior of a clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The validity of the computer simulations has been verified by means of appropriate measurements. Application examples include the optimization of the superconducting magnet regarding the eddy currents and vibrations in its cryostat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 20 (2001), S. 636-649 
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: A recently developed calculation scheme for the numerical computation of the load-controlled acoustic noise of power transformers is presented. This modeling scheme allows the precise and efficient computation of the coupled electromagnetic, mechanical and acoustic fields. The equations are solved using the finite element method (FEM) as well as the boundary element method (BEM), resulting in a separation of the acoustic-magnetomechanical calculation of the winding vibrations resp. the acoustic-mechanical computation of the tank vibrations (using FEM) and the calculation of the acoustic free-field radiation (using BEM). The validity of the computer simulations has been verified by means of appropriate measurements. Simulated and measured values for winding and tank surface vibrations as well as the sound power level of the loaded transformer are found to be in good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 18 (1999), S. 504-514 
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: A new method for the numerical computation of the dynamic behaviour of electro-dynamic loudspeakers is presented. The numerical scheme, based on the finite element method (FEM), allows the simulation of coupled magnetic, mechanical and acoustic fields. The obtained simulation results are in good agreement with measured data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: The focus of this paper is on the efficient numerical computation of 3D electromagnetic field problems by using the finite element (FE) and multigrid (MG) methods. The magnetic vector potential is used as the field variable and the discretization is performed by Lagrange (nodal) as well as Ne´de´lec (edge) finite elements. The resulting system of equations is solved by applying a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method with an adapted algebraic multigrid (AMG) as well as an appropriate geometric MG preconditioner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0378-5963
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 3 (1997), S. 164-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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