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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plexus brachialis ; vertikale infraklavikuläre Plexusblockade ; axilläre Plexusblockade ; Nervenstimulation ; Key words Brachial plexus ; Vertical infraclavicular block ; Axillary block ; Nerve stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We examined the efficacy of the vertical infraclavicular block for plexus brachialis anaesthesia using a nerve stimulator after introducing the method (VIP1) and after three years of clinical experience (VIP2). In two prospective studies we compared the results with each other as well as with the efficacy of the axillary block (AX). At VIP1, we found a complete analgesia in 88% of the patients, whereas in 9% a supplementation was needed. In group AX the results were significantly worse (complete: 70%, supplementation: 24%; p〈0.001). No increase of the rate of efficacy could be found when having some clinical experience with the VIP (VIP2: complete 87%, supplement: 11%). In general, the results of the VIP depended on the motoric answer to the nerve stimulation. There were no complications of the VIP such as nerve lesions or pneumothorax. The VIP using a nerve stimulator is a simple, reliable and uncomplicated method for plexus-brachialis-anaesthesia, which is easy to learn.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Plexus-brachialis-Anästhesie durch den vertikalen infraklavikulären Zugang (VIP) mittels Nervenstimulation wurde in zwei prospektiven Studien die Erfolgsrate bei Neueinführung des Verfahrens (VIP1) sowie nach dreijähriger klinischer Erfahrung geprüft (VIP2) und untereinander sowie mit der Erfolgsrate der axillären Blockadetechnik mittels Nervenstimulation (AX) verglichen. Untersucht wurden jeweils ca. 100 Patienten. Bei VIP1 zeigte sich ein kompletter Blockadeerfolg in 88%, eine Notwendigkeit zur Supplementierung in 9% bzw. zum Verfahrenswechsel in 3% der Fälle. Die Ergebnisse der axillären Plexusblockade waren signifikant schlechter (AX: komplett 70%, Supplementierung 24%; p〈0,001). Die Erfolgsrate des VIP ließ sich durch längere klinische Erfahrung nicht steigern (VIP2: komplett 87%; Supplementierung 11%; Verfahrenswechsel 2%). Der Blockadeerfolg war abhängig vom Ort der motorischen Antwort auf die Nervenstimulation. Komplikationen des VIP wie Nervenschädigung oder Pneumothorax wurden nicht beobachtet. Die vertikale infraklavikuläre Blockade mittels Nervenstimulation ist als einfache, leicht zu erlernende, zuverlässige und komplikationsarme Methode zur Plexus-brachialis-Anästhesie einzuschätzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Vertikale Infraklavikuläre Blockade ; Pneumothorax ; Komplikation ; Plexus brachialis ; VIP ; Keywords Vertical infraclavicular blockade ; Pneumothorax ; Complications ; Brachial plexus ; VIP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A 50 year old female patient received anaesthesia of the arm by the vertical infraclavicular blockade of the plexus brachialis (VIP). Postoperatively an ipsilateral pneumothorax occured complicated by pleural effusion and a contralateral bronchopneumonia, which resolved completely after treatment. The blockade of the plexus was performed correctly, failures in determining the correct point of needle insertion could be excluded. Therefore a pneumothorax has to be regarded as a specific complication of the VIP, which might occur despite correct technique, and requires that the patient be informed of this eventuality. Nevertheless, the VIP is an important method due to its high success rate concerning blockade of the musculocutaneous nerve and tolerance of tourniquet. The risk of a pneumothorax is about 0.2 to 0.7%.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 50-jährigen Patientin wurde im Rahmen einer elektiven Operation an der Hand die Anästhesie durch die Vertikale Infraklavikuläre Plexus-brachialis Blockade (VIP) nach Kilka durchgeführt. Postoperativ kam es zum Auftreten eines ipsilateralen Pneumothorax, welcher durch einen Pleuraerguss und eine kontralaterale Bronchopneumonie kompliziert wurde. Unter invasiver Behandlung der Patientin kam es bezüglich aller Komplikationen zur restitutio ad integrum. Die Durchführung der Anästhesie war lege artis entsprechend der Erstbeschreibung, Fehler bei der Bestimmung der Punktionsstelle konnten mit größtmöglicher Wahrscheinlichkeit ausgeschlossen werden. Ein Pneumothorax bei der Vertikalen Infraklavikulären Plexus-brachialis Blockade stellt auch bei korrekter Durchführung unter Vermeidung von beschriebenen Kardinalfehlern ein methodenspezifisches und somit aufklärungspflichtiges Risiko dar. Der VIP ist dennoch eine wichtige Ergänzung der herkömmlichen Methoden zur Blockade des Plexus brachialis, da er sich durch eine hohe Erfolgsrate speziell im Bereich des N. musculocutaneus und in der Toleranz eines Tourniquets auszeichnet. Nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen ist von einem Pneumothoraxrisiko von 0,2–0,7% auszugehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 1249-1257 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dissociative chemisorption of O2 on the Al(111) surface is investigated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates two mechanisms that have been proposed for this reaction in the literature: single atom abstraction and two-atom adsorption that generates translationally hot atoms on the surface. A comparison is made to the much-debated STM results of Brune et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 2128 (1993)], in which the oxygen island density (number of islands per binding site) was determined as a function of coverage. Since the two-atom channel has been discussed heavily in the literature, we focus primarily on the abstraction mechanism. We show that atom abstraction in its basic form is incompatible with the STM results; however, we propose two simple modifications that enable atom abstraction to reproduce the STM results. In the first modification, the probability of dissociation is higher at sites next to preexisting O adatoms. In essence, we are proposing that the increased Al–O bond strength at sites next to preexisting O adatoms [Jacobsen et al., Phys. Rev. B 52, 14954 (1995)] stabilizes the transition state for dissociation. If atom abstraction is assumed to be the only operative mechanism, and if its probability increases by a factor of ∼10 next to a site that is occupied versus unoccupied, the STM island density data can be approximately reproduced. In the second modification, the abstracted atom is permitted to make a single hop in the direction of a preexisting, nearby O adatom. The allowance of merely a single, directed hop has a dramatic effect on the coverage dependence of the island density. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1041-1051 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: H-protein, a 14 kDa lipoic acid-containing protein is a component of the glycine decarboxylase complex. This complex which consists of four protein components (P-, H-, T- and L-protein) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glycine. The mechanistic heart of the complex is provided by the lipoic acid attached to a lysine residue of the H-protein. It undergoes a cycle of transformations, i.e. reductive methylamination, methylamine transfer, and electron transfer. We present details of the crystal structures of the H-protein, in its two forms, H-ProOx with oxidized lipoamide and H-ProMet with methylamine-loaded lipoamide. X-ray diffraction data were collected from crystals of H-ProOx to 2 and H-ProMet to 2.2 Å resolution. The final R-factor value for the H-ProOx is 18.5% for data with F 〉 2σ. in the range of 8.0–2.0 Å resolution. The refinement confirmed our previous model, refined to 2.6 Å, of a β-fold sandwich structure with two β-sheets. The lipoamide arm attached to Lys63, located in the loop of a hairpin conformation, is clearly visible at the surface of the protein. The H-ProMet has been crystallized in orthorhombic and monoclinic forms and the structures were solved by molecular replacement, starting from the H-ProOx model. The orthorhombic structure has been refined with a final R-factor value of 18.5% for data with F 〉 2σ in the range of 8.0–2.2 Å resolution. The structure of the monoclinic form has been refined with a final R-factor value of 17.5% for data with F 〉 2σ in the range of 15.0–3.0 Å. In these two structures which have similar packing, the protein conformation is identical to the conformation found in the H-ProOx. The main change lies in the position of the lipoamide group which has moved significantly when loaded with methylamine. In this case the methylamine-lipoamide group is tucked into a cleft at the surface of the protein where it is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Thus, it is totally protected and not free to move in aqueous solvent. In addition, the H-protein presents some sequence and structural analogies with other lipoate- and biotin-containing proteins and also with proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 108 (1921), S. 180-180 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE nucleus-model of the radio-elements proposed by Lise Meitner (Die Naturwissenschaften, vol. 9, pp. 423-27, 1921) permits of the division of the radioactive isotopes into three, or even four, classes. (1) Isotopes of the first class are elements which possess only the same nuclear ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 217 (1982), S. 312-323 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 231 (1984), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 850 (1986), S. 64-71 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (Plant mitochondria, Potato tuber) ; NAD transport ; Succinate oxidation regulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 589 (1980), S. 176-189 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (Plant mitochondria) ; Malate dehydrogenase ; Malate oxidation ; Malic enzyme ; Oxaloacetate ; Pyruvate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 229 (1984), S. 253-258 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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