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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative immunosuppressive potency of various corticosteroids measured in vitro (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: glucocorticoids ; lymphocyte transformation ; PHA stimulation ; anti-inflammatory potency ; immunosuppressive potency ; hydrocortisone ; methylprednisolone ; betamethasone ; dexamethasone ; prednisolone ; aldosterone ; prednisone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Natural and synthetic steroids and mineralocorticoids were tested for their in vitro suppressive activity on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes. Three different (p〈0.05) groups were identified. Methylprednisolone and betamethasone were very potent, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and prednisolone were of intermediate potency, and aldosterone, prednisone and the metabolites of hydrocortisone were of low potency. In general, synthetic steroids were considerably more potent than naturally occurring compounds, but the relatively low potency of dexamethasone was unexpected. These in vitro findings rank glucocorticoid potency differently from the relative anti-inflammatory activities reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-individual consistency of prednisolone kinetics during long-term prednisone treatment (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 651-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisolone ; prednisone treatment ; pharmacokinetics ; individual variation ; microsomal enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients on long-term prednisone treatment were studied on two occasions separated by 45 to 325 days. In 10 patients the total body clearance of prednisolone only changed about 10%. In one case a 78.5% decrease was observed after stopping treatment with rifampicin and isoniazide. No association was found between the prednisone dose rate (mg/kg per month), patient age or mean endogenous plasma hydrocortisone level and prednisolone clearance/kg. The results indicate considerable intra-individual consistency of prednisolone kinetics if other conditions are not changed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543505
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of thapsigargin on cytoplasmic Ca^2^+ and proliferation of human lymphocytes in relation to AIDS
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 972 (1988), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (Human) ; AIDS ; Calcium ion ; Cytoplasmic Ca^2^+ ; Interleukin 2 ; Lymphocyte ; Thapsigargin ; [abr] 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane-sulphonic acid ; [abr] DMSO ; [abr] Hepes ; [abr] IL-2 ; [abr] PHA ; [abr] PMA ; [abr] dimethyl-sulphoxide ; [abr] interleukin-2 ; [abr] phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ; [abr] phytohaemagglutinin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(88)80056-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Immunodeficiency of Bone Marrow-Transplanted Patients (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocytes from 21 patients sampled 1-6 months after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were tested for functional suppressor activity against marrow-donor lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test. Suppression of donor responses to allogeneic (i.e. mixed lymphocyte reaction, MLR) and antigenic stimulation by irradiated (7600 rad) post-BMT cells was observed in about two-thirds of the combinations tested (N=20 and N=9). The suppression of donor MLR and antigen responses ranged between 5-52% and 10-46%, respectively. Irradiated post-BMT cells significantly suppressed donor responses to suboptimal concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (median suppression: 28%; P〈0.05; N=7) and concanavalin A (Con A) (median suppression: 31%; P〈0.05; N=6). A clearly suppressive effect of post-BMT cells was observed when the ratios of CD4+/CD8+ post-BMT cells were lower than 0.5 (P〈0.01). In three experiments, the depletion of the CD8- but not of the CD4-positive subset abrogated the suppression of the donor MLR by post-BMT cells. The suppression by post-BMT cells (irradiated) of MLR and mitogen responses was comparable whether the responding cells were derived from the donor or from HLA-DR-incompatible, unrelated individuals. The proliferative capacity of post-BMT cells compared to that of donor cells was assayed in the MLR with unrelated, HLA-DR-incompatible stimulator cells. A significantly decreased proliferative capacity (median 20% of that of donor cells) was found (P〈0.01; N=16). A weak inverse correlation (P〈0.05; N=16) between the proliferative and the suppressive capacity of post-BMT cells in the MLR was observed. These findings indicate that the decreased proliferative capacity upon mitogen, antigen, and alloantigen stimulation observed in most patients within 1-6 months after BMT may be partly due to non-specific suppression by CD8+ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02258.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic Analysis of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Production and Expression of IL-2 Receptors by Uraemic and Normal Lymphocytes (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The in vitro immune response of lymphocytes from uraemic patients was studied by comparing the in vitro kinetics of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, the mitogen-induced proliferative response, and the expression of IL-2 receptors by T lymphocytes. The IL-2 production in 26 uraemic cell cultures decreased significantly after 48 h of stimulation with mitogen compared with that of 24 control cultures. The lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) increased linearly with time, but the responses of the uraemic cells cultures were significantly lower than those of the control cultures. The relative numbers of cells double-stained for both Tac (IL-2 receptor)/HLA-DR or Tac/Leu 2 were significantly increased in the uraemic cultures as compared with the control cultures at 48 and 72 h. A similar, but not significant, trend was also demonstrated for uraemic cells positive for Tae/Leu 3. These findings were also seen in uraemic lymphocyte cultures supplemented with exogenous IL-2. Thus, the IL-2 production of uraemic lymphocytes seems to be exhausted more rapidly than that of normal lymphocytes, and there is no evidence that the poor proliferative response of uraemic lymphocytes is due to a decreased relative number of cells positive for IL-2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb01043.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Immunodeficiency of Bone Marrow-Transplanted Patients (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 22 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocytes from patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are in most cases predominantly of the Leu-2+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) phenotypes and are almost unresponsive to mitogens. In contrast, normal Leu-3+-depleted, Leu-2+-enriched lymphocyte suspensions retain approximately 50% of the mitogenic response compared with that of unseparated cells. To investigate whether this discrepancy was due to active suppression, we selected nine BMT patients from whom sufficient numbers of cells were available and whose lymphocyte phenotypes were predominantly Leu-2+ after BMT. These post-BMT lymphocytes were tested for functional suppressor activities against donor and recipient pre-BMT lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test. None of these post-BMT cells suppressed the response of donor or pre-BMT cells to phytohaemagglutinin A or concanavalin A. In contrast, the response of donor cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures to HLA-DR-different third-party cells was suppressed by highly X-irradiated post-BMT cells by approximately 40%. Addition of T-cell growth factor (=interleukin 2 (IL-2)) or X-irradiated donor cells to post-BMT lymphocytes partially restored the mitogenic respose. These findings indicate that the early post-BMT cells lack production of IL-2 but are capable of responding to IL-2 and that the almost extinct mitogen response of these cells is due to immaturity rather than active suppression. The suppression of the allogeneic but not the mitogenic response might be explained by differences in the modes of activation; for example, the allogeneic response must involve the T-cell receptor, while the mitogenic response may not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01879.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of thapsigargin on cytoplasmic Ca^2^+ and proliferation of human lymphocytes in relations to AIDS
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 972 (1988), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Human) ; AIDS ; Calcium ion ; Cytoplasmic Ca^2^+ ; Interleukin 2 ; Lymphocyte ; Thapsigargin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(88)90200-5
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunodeficiency after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Man (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to clarify the mechanism behind the severely decreased lymphocyte proliferative response upon stimulation with mitogens and antigens seen after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in man. We investigated eight BMT patients and eight controls and found that the proliferative response of patient cells was reduced both when the cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and when they were stimulated with a combination of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), and the calcium ionophore A23187, which irreversibly opens for calcium transport into the cell (median relative responses were 41 and.37%, respectively). However, the PHA-induced increase in the concentration of intracellular tree calcium in post-BMT cells was not significantly different from the values found in control cells and the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors (CD25) was only slightly decreased. However, the production of IL-2 was severely decreased in patient cells after stimulation with A23187/PMA (median 3541 units), although it was higher than in PHA-stimulated control cells (median 354 units). These results show that a direct activation of PKC by PMA combined with an increase in intracellular free calcium by A23187 cannot overcome the lymphocyte proliferation deficiency in cells from patients after allogeneic BMT. The data suggest that the defect is affecting the diacylglycerol pathway considerably more than the inositol triphosphate pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02448.x
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