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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a high protein intake on renal acid excretion in bodybuilders (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Kraftsportler ; hohe Proteinzufuhr ; renale Nettosäureausscheidung ; Urin pH ; Ammoniumausscheidung ; Ammoniumproduktion ; renale Säureausscheidungskapazität ; Sulfat ; Bodybuilder ; high protein diet ; renal net acid excretion ; urine-pH ; ammonium excretion ; ammonia production ; sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bodybuilders often prefer a high protein diet to achieve maximum skeletal muscle hypertrophy. In this study the effect of a high protein diet on renal acid load and renal handling of proton excretion was studied comparing dietary intake and urinary ionograms in 37 male bodybuilders and 20 young male adults. Energy intake (+7 %), protein intake (128 vs 88 g/d/1.73 m2), and renal net acid excretion (95 vs 64 mmol/d/1.73 m2) were higher in the bodybuilders than in the controls, however, urine-pH was only slightly lower (5.83 vs 6.12). In the bodybuilders renal ammonium excretion was higher at any given value of urine pH than in the controls. In a regression analysis protein intake proved to be an independent factor modulating the ratio between urine-pH and renal ammonium excretion. The concomitant increase of renal net acid excretion and maximum renal acid excretion capacity in periods of high protein intake appears to be a highly effective response of the kidney to a specific food intake leaving a large renal surplus capacity for an additional renal acid load.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kraftsportler ernähren sich zur Förderung des Muskelwachstums häufig proteinreich. In dieser Studie wurde die Wirkung einer hohen Proteinzufuhr auf die renale Säurelast und die renale Säureausscheidungskapazität anhand des Vergleichs der Daten der Nährstoffzufuhr und der Harnionogramme von 37 Kraftsportlern mit hoher Proteinzufuhr und 20 jungen Erwachsenen mit normaler Proteinzufuhr (Vergleichsgruppe) untersucht. Die Kraftsportler zeigten eine höhere Energie-(+7 %) und Proteinzufuhr (128 vs 88 g/d/1.73 m2) und eine höhere renale Nettosäureausscheidung (95 vs 64 mmol/d/1.73 m2) als die Vergleichsgruppe. Die Differenz der Urin pH-Werte der beiden Gruppen war allerdings erstaunlich gering (5.83 vs 6.12). Bei den Kraftsportlern war die renale Ammoniumausscheidung bei allen Urin pH-Werten deutlich höher als bei der Vergleichsgruppe. Eine Regressions-analyse ergab, daß die Proteinzufuhr das Verhältnis von Urin pH und renaler Ammoniumausscheidung eigenständig zu beeinflussen vermag. Eine vermehrte Proteinzufuhr führt zu einer erhöhten renalen Säurelast und Nettosäureausscheidung. Die gleichzeitig auftretende Steigerung der renalen Säureausscheidungskapazität infolge einer erhöhten Ammoniumproduktion stellt einen sinnvollen Anpassungsmechanismus des Körpers an diese besondere Form der Ernährung dar, der dem Körper eine ausreichende funktionelle Reservekapazität für weitere den Säure-Basen-Haushalt belastende pathophysiologische Ereignisse erhält.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612779
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of scores to measure the effects of nutrition counselling on the overall diet: A pilot study in children and adolescents (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 196-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Children – adolescents – nutrition counselling – dietary evaluation – scores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An intervention study by documented dietary counselling was carried out in a sample of 9 children and adolescents (12–,15 years) living in a full-time institution in Dortmund. Three weighed dietary records were collected over 3–7 days, one before and one after each of two individual nutrition counselling sessions, which were based on the recommended intake of food groups defined by the Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD), a quantitative preventive dietary conception for children and adolescents. As univariate dietary parameters (e.g., cholesterol intake), which are often used to show the effectiveness of nutrition counselling, do not take into account the multivariate complexitiy of nutrition, we developed 3 multivariate scores to measure the effectiveness of nutrition counselling. The are definded as: Recommended Food group change Score (RFS): Average change in the amounts of the deviations (%) from the reference food groups values (OMD = 100 %) before and after counselling taking into account the aim (eat mor/less) of the counselling session, exclusively based on the food groups addressed during counselling. Total Food group change Score (TFS): Average change in the amounts of the deviations (%) from the reference food group values (OMD = 100 %) before and after counselling based on all food groups consumed. Nutrient Improvement Score (NIS): Average change in the negative deviations (%) of 8 vitamins and 8 minerals from the German reference values for nutrient intake (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) = 100 %) before and after counselling. On average, the intakes of the food groups mentioned during the first counselling session improved considerably (RFS = +36 %), the change in the intake of all food groups was small (TFS = +6 %) and the nutrient intakes did not improve (NIS = 0 %). From the second counselling session the values of the RFS was +10 %, of the TFS was +6% and of the NIS +3 %. This means that the success of counselling on one dietary criterion does not guarantee success on others. Our food and nutrient based scores together with a detailed food intake assessment give an example of multivariate measurements of nutrition counselling outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energiezufuhr von 1 bis 18jährigen deutschen Kindern und Jugendlichen (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 37 (1998), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-264X
    Keywords: Key words Children and adolescents – 3d weighed diet record – energy intake – body height and weight – underreporting ; Schlüsselwörter Kinder und Jugendliche – 3d Wiege-Protokollmethode – Energiezufuhr – Körpergröße und -gewicht – Unterprotokollierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 695 gesunden, gut ernährten Kindern und Jugendlichen aller Altersgruppen von 1 bis 18 Jahren wurden 3d Wiege-Ernährungsprotokolle gesammelt sowie Körpergröße und -gewicht gemessen. Insgesamt 10% unplausible Protokolle (Ausschlußkriterium: protokollierte Energiezufuhr (EI):berechneter Grundumsatz (GU) 〈1.06) wurden von der Auswertung ausgeschlossen. Die Ausschlußquoten unplausibler Protokolle waren bei Kindern niedrig (2–6%), bei männlichen Jugendlichen höher (10%) und bei weiblichen Jugendlichen am höchsten (30%). Mit Ausschlußkriterien unter Berücksichtigung alters- und geschlechtsbezogener Schätzungen des Energiebedarfs für geringe körperliche Aktivität ergaben sich niedrigere Ausschlußquoten (insgesamt: 6.5%, weibliche Jugendliche: 20%). Die Energiezufuhr des Kollektivs mit plausiblen Protokollen (n=627; EI:GU ≥1.06) entsprach insgesamt weitgehend den neuesten, zur Revision der derzeitigen FAO/WHO-Werte gedachten Angaben zum Energiebedarf bei leichter körperlicher Aktivität. Körpergröße und -gewicht des Kollektivs waren normal, gemessen an niederländischen Referenzwerten. Für eine abschließende Bewertung der ermittelten niedrigen Energiezufuhr im Zusammenhang mit gesundheitsförderlichen körperlichen Aktivitäten von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist eine Erweiterung des derzeitigen Kenntnisstandes abzuwarten.
    Notes: Summary In a sample of 695 healthy well-nourished German children and adolescents covering the total age range from 1 to 18 years, 3d weighed diet records were collected and measurements of body height and weight were taken. 10% non-plausible records (reported energy intake (EI):estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) 〈 Cut off 1.06) were excluded from further analysis. The rate of non-plausible records was low in the childhood age groups (2–6%), higher in the male (10%), and highest in the female adolescents (30%). Recalculation of age and sex specific cut offs based on assumed light physical activity levels (PAL) reduced the exclusion rate to 6.5% (total) and 20% (female adolescents). The reported energy intake of the total sample based on plausible records (n=627, EI:BMR ≥1.06) was close to the new estimations of energy requirements assuming light physical activity which are proposed for the revision of the current FAO/WHO energy requirements. The sample was of normal height and weight compared to the Netherlands growth references. For a definite interpretation of the low reported energy intake in the context of health promoting physical activity patterns of children and adolescents more scientific evidence should be available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007372
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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