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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 1061-1075 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Bone marrow ; Bone and bones ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Lymphoma malignum ; Morbus Hodgkin ; Knochenmark ; Knochenmarkbiopsie ; Knochen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ausbreitung der Lymphogranulomatose auf das Knochenmark nach Quantität und Qualität ist ein wichtiges diagnostisches Merkmal, dessen Vorhandensein im Zuge der initialen Stadienfeststellung unbedingt geprüft werden muß. Als Biopsieort ist der Beckenkamm vorzüglich geeignet, ausreichende Probengröße und adäquate Semi-Dünnschnittechnik an Acrylat-eingebetteten Schnitten sind ausschlaggebend für die diagnostische Ausbeute. Die prognostische Aussage einer Knochenmarksbeteiligung muß an einem unter einheitlichen Gesichtspunkten ausgewählten Material weiter präzisiert werden. Es wird zwischen einer Allgemeinreaktion bei extramedullärer Lymphogranulomatose im Sinne einer Tumormyelopathie und einer Lokalreaktion in der Umgebung von Lymphogranulominfiltraten im Knochenmark unterschieden. Die erstere ist überwiegend vom Krankheitsfortschritt, die letztere auch vom histologischen Krankheitstyp abhängig. Die bekannte Typeneinteilung läßt sich auch auf die Veränderungen der Lymphogranulomatose im Knochenmark anwenden. Doch zeigen die verschiedenen histologischen Typen eine unterschiedliche Neigung zur Ausbreitung auf das Knochenmark. Im allgemeinen geht der Markbefall mit den schwereren klinischen und hämatologischen Erscheinungen einher. Knochenveränderungen entstehen zumeist in örtlichem Zusammenhang mit den Lymphogranulominfiltraten, aber nicht direkt aus diesen, sondern aus ihrer mesenchymalen Umgebungsreaktion heraus. Die parenchymalen und mesenchymalen Veränderungen des Knochenmarkes in direktem und indirektem Zusammenhang mit der Lymphogranulomatose erscheinen überwiegend als Folgen der Grundkrankheit. Die besonders enge strukturelle Verwandtschaft zwischen dem eigentlichen Lymphogranulomgewebe und diesen Veränderungen gehörte zu den Besonderheiten der Hodgkinschen Krankheit. Es gibt bisher keine eindeutigen Anhaltspunkte für strukturelle Merkmale, deren Vorkommen einen hindernden oder fördernden Einfluß auf das Lymphogranulomgewebe ausüben könnte, abgesehen von der Menge der Lymphozyten und der normalen Histiozyten in den spezifischen Infiltraten selbst. Hinweise auf die Sonderrolle der Megakaryozyten müssen in diesem Zusammenhang mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit verfolgt werden.
    Notes: Summary The spreading of Hodgkin's disease in the bone marrow is of primary diagnostic significance in respect of its quantity as well as its quality, and therefore has to be taken into account from the initial staging procedure. The iliac crest is the most suitable site of the biopsy, the diagnostic significance of which depends on the adequate size of the specimen and on the technical standard of the histologic embedding with methacrylate, affording perfect semithin sections without decalcification. The prognostic value of the statement of Hodgkin's disease spreading in the marrow deserves further careful evaluation. A nonspecific reaction of the marrow against extramedullary lymphogranulomatosis closely resembling to the so-called tumor myelopathy has to be distinguished from the localized marrow changes due to the tumor itself. The former is depending primarily of the progress of the disease, the latter of its type as well. The well-known histologic classification covers the changes of the bone marrow due to Hodgkin's disease also. The different histologic types however exhibit a varying tendency of expansion within the bone. Generally the marrow involvement is accompanied with more severe clinical and hematological symptoms. The bone is altered mostly in the very region of the infiltration. This is not the consequence of direct tumorous destruction but of stimulation of environmental mesenchymal activities. Parenchymal and mesenchymal changes of the bone marrow, either directly or indirectly connected with the lymphogranulomatosis, are considered primarily as sequelae of the basic disease. The very close structural relationship between the original lymphogranulomatosus growth and these changes is one of the characteristics of Hodgkin's disease. As yet, there is no unequivocal pointer to structural characteristics whose appearance can exert an obstructive or stimulating effect on the lymphogranuloma tissue, apart from the number of lymphocytes and normal histiocytes in the specific infiltrate itself. Our observations of a special role of megakaryocytes in this connection deserve further attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Controlled delivery of drugs to the small intestine in relation to emptying of an ingested meal is important in various pathophysiological conditions. We investigated the effects of different food consistencies and the amount of co-ingested liquid on the intragastric distribution of a contrast marker.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Five healthy subjects received four meals (each 650 kcal: A, mashed potato with 100 mL water; B, rice with 100 mL water; C, hamburger meal with 100 mL water; D, hamburger meal with 300 mL water). A capsule filled with gadolinium tetra-azacyclododecane tetra-acetic acid solution (as contrast marker) was ingested following meal termination, and its intragastric distribution was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Initially, marker distribution was confined to the fundus, and subsequently extended along the inner curvature of the stomach. The maximum distribution volume of the marker was lower in meal A than in meal B (P 〈 0.05). No differences in marker distribution were observed when the hamburger meal was given with 100 or 300 mL water.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:The intragastric distribution kinetics of the marker gadolinium tetra-azacyclododecane tetra-acetic acid appeared to depend on meal consistency, but not on the amount of water co-ingested. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging allows detailed analysis of the intragastric distribution of a drug model in relation to meal emptying and intragastric meal distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Modern medical imaging modalities can trace labelled oral drug dosage forms in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus represent important tools for the evaluation of their in vivo performance. The application of gastric-retentive drug delivery systems to improve bioavailability and to avoid unwanted plasma peak concentrations of orally administered drugs is of special interest in clinical and pharmaceutical research.Aim : To determine the influence of meal composition and timing of tablet administration on the intragastric performance of a gastric-retentive floating tablet using magnetic resonance imaging in the sitting position.Methods : A tablet formulation was labelled with iron oxide particles as negative magnetic resonance contrast marker to allow the monitoring of the tablet position in the food-filled human stomach. Labelled tablet was administered, together with three different solid meals, to volunteers seated in a 0.5-T open-configuration magnetic resonance system. Volunteers were followed over a 4-h period.Results : Labelled tablet was detectable in all subjects throughout the entire study. The tablet showed persistent good intragastric floating performance independent of meal composition. Unfavourable timing of tablet administration had a minor effect on the intragastric tablet residence time and floating performance.Conclusion : Magnetic resonance imaging can reliably monitor and analyse the in vivo performance of labelled gastric-retentive tablets in the human stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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