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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pneumothorax following nasogastric feeding tube insertion in a tracheostomized patient after bilateral lung transplantation (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 440-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nasogastric feeding tube ; misplacement ; Nasogastric feeding tube ; insertion under direct vision ; Bilateral lung transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a pneumothorax caused by the improper placement of a nasogastric feeding tube in a tracheostomized patient after bilateral lung transplantation. We discuss the contribution of low-pressure cuffed tracheostomy tubes to the inadvertent respiratory tract misplacement of a nasogastric feeding tube, as well as the problems of nasogastric feeding tube insertion in the sedated patient, why the previously installed closed-tube thoracostomy did not prevent the pneumothorax and possible pitfalls in confirming the proper position of the nasogastric feeding tube. In conclusion, we stress that in high risk patients a nasogastric feeding tube should only be inserted under direct vision and that a subsequent routine X-ray is mandatory for confirming proper positioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050354
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin 1 Teil 1: Grundlagen und Pathophysiologie (1999)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 50 (1999), S. 680-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050981
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of the potential photo-cocarcinogenicity of topical calcineurin inhibitors (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes:   Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs) used for the treatment of atopic eczema modify the immune regulatory function of the skin and may have the potential to enhance immunosuppressive ultraviolet (UV) effects. Current recommendations on UV protection in eczema patients treated with PCIs are inconsistent and have given rise to uncertainty and anxiety in patients. Therefore, the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) developed a position statement which reviews critically the available data with regard to the problem, especially analysing and commenting the limitations of rodent models for the human situation. There is no conclusive evidence from rodent trials to indicate that long-term application of TCIs is photococarcinogenic. There is a need for further studies to investigate the validity of mouse models as well as long-term cohort studies in patients using TCIs. Available data suggest that long-term application of TCIs is safe, that there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk and that it is ethical to treat patients with TCIs when indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01315.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 Is Produced by Epidermal Cells and Plays an Important Role in the Activation of Human T-Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 557 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24033.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Immunosuppressing Melanotropins By Human Keratinocytes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 680 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb19741.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of melanocortin-1 receptor antigenicity on human skin cells in culture and in situ (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) products α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) bind to specific receptors known as the melanocortin (MC) receptors. There is increasing evidence that the MC receptor subtype 1 (MC-1R) is expressed in vitro by several other cutaneous cell types besides melanocytes and keratinocytes. Our knowledge on the MC-1R expression in skin, however, remains fragmentary. In order to examine the expression of MC-1R in human skin cells in vitro and in situ, we made use of a recently described antibody directed against the amino acids 2-18 of the human MC-1R. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the highest MC-1R antigenicity in normal melanocytes and keratinocytes, followed by dermal fibroblasts, microvacualar endothelial cells and WM 35 melanoma cells. Little or no expression was detected in KB carcinoma cells and Fs4 fibroblasts. In normal human skin, immunoreactivity for the anti-MC-1R antibody was detected in hair follicle epithelia, sebocytes, secretory and ductal epithelia of weat glands, and periadnexal mesenchymal cells. Interfollicular epidermis was largely unreactive in adult skin as opposed to undifferentiated kertinocytes of fetal skin. Our findings form a framework within which MC-1 receptor expression can be studied in various skin diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00303.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptides, a never-ending story? Termination of cutaneous inflammation by proteolytic peptidases (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuropeptide-specific peptidases such as neutral endopeptidase (NEP, CD10) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) effectively control the bioavailability of neuropeptides released from sensory nerves, immune and skin cells during neurogenic inflammation. Drug inhibition or genomic deletion of NEP or ACE results in a substance P (SP-) and bradykinin-dependent augmentation of murine allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) by affecting ACD sensitization and elicitation. The functional absence of NEP enhanced ACD inflammation by promoting bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BmDC) maturation and function. In vitro haptenized BmDCs from NEP–/– mice neurokinin-1 receptor-dependently stimulated proliferation of antigen-specific NEP–/– and NEP+/+ T cells with higher efficacy compared to NEP+/+-mice BmDCs. Importantly, adoptive transfer of in vitro haptenized DC from NEP–/– into wild-type mice significantly promoted ACD in comparison with transfer of NEP+/+DC. Likewise, hapten uptake into DC from regional lymph nodes during ACD sensitization is increased in NEP–/– mice compared to normal mice. Moreover, in CD10- and CD143-expressing human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and keratinocytes, UV light and inflammatory mediators regulated mRNA and protein expression, as well as proteolytic activity of these peptidases, which may be important for cell survival and the outcome of an inflammatory response. Likewise, NEP and ACE are also involved in the proteolytic processing of neuroendocrine hormones such as adrenocorticotropin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Thus, present data indicate that ACE and NEP by proteolytic cleavage of peptide mediators have a significant role in controlling cutaneous inflammatory responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00212y.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-MSH as a modulator of apoptosis in cutaneous biology (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The molecular pathways regulating ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced apoptosis of melanocytes, a cell population crucially involved in the protection of epidermal keratinocytes against the harmful effects of UV light, are poorly characterized. We show that the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) blocks UVB-induced apoptosis of normal human melanocytes in vitro. The effect of α-MSH is not restricted to melanocytes but is also operative in cells that do not produce melanin, for example in human epidermal keratinocytes and in dermal fibroblasts. α-MSH not only delays but also protects melanocytes from UVB-induced cell death. The anti-apoptotic activity of α-MSH is not mediated by a filtering effect or induction of melanin synthesis. α-MSH also does not induce changes in the cell cycle distribution or expression of Bcl2, Bclx, CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and FasL. In contrast, α-MSH markedly reduces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers induced by UVB radiation. Human dermal fibroblasts carrying a defective XPA gene are not protected from UVB-induced apoptosis by α-MSH. These results highlight a novel biological activity of α-MSH as well as novel regulatory pathways within the UV response of skin cells targeted by this neuropeptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.0212ai.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-MSH and fragments: potential therapeutic agents in inflammation (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) exerts numerous immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, which at least partly are mediated through the melanocortin receptor-1 (MC-1R), expressed on monocytes, dermal fibroblasts, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial, and epithelial cells. Accordingly, α-MSH downregulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via inhibiting the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB, while upregulating the production of suppressor factors such as IL-10. Besides α-MSH, its C-terminal-tripeptide KPV and the IL-1β-derived tripeptide KPT are capable of modulating APC functions. Using a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), systemic and epicutaneous application of α-MSH, KPV, or KPT inhibited CHS induction and induced hapten-specific tolerance. However, using MC-1R-deficient mice (MC-1Re/e), tolerance induction was found to be independent of MC-1R expression. To further investigate the mechanisms responsible for tolerance induction, adoptive transfer experiments were performed. α-MSH-treated haptenized DCs inhibited CHS and induced hapten-specific tolerance, via induction of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). In contrast, using a murine model of intestinal inflammation [Dextransulfate (DSS)-induced colitis], the expression of a functional MC-1R was found to be crucial for α-MSH to exert its anti-inflammatory activity; in wt mice, weight loss was reduced and the survival rate significantly was improved upon treatment with α-MSH or KPV. However, DSS colitis was significantly aggravated in MC1-Re/e mice, resulting in the death of all animals. Bone marrow transplantation from wt mice did not alter the course of inflammation, indicating that MC-1R expression on non-hematopoietic cells is crucial for host defense. These findings further support the therapeutic potential of α-MSH-related peptides for the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.0212ao.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pimecrolimus – an anti-inflammatory drug targeting the skin (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Pimecrolimus is the most recent member of calcineurin inhibitors available for the therapy for inflammatory skin diseases. It targets T-cells and mast cells and inhibits the production and release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, as well as the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes. Pimecrolimus has a cell-selective mode of action. In contrast to corticosteroids, it does not affect, e.g., Langerhans'cells/dendritic cells (LC/DC), as demonstrated in vitro with human monocyte-derived DC and in vivo with epidermal LC in mice, nor human primary fibroblasts. As shown in vitro with human skin and by comparison of clinical pharmacokinetic data from patients with atopic dermatitis, pimecrolimus permeates less through skin than tacrolimus and much less than corticosteroids. It, thus, has a lower potential for transcutaneous resorption after topical administration, resulting in a lower risk of systemic effects. Pimecrolimus has high anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of skin inflammation, including a model reflecting neurogenic inflammation, but a more favourable balance of anti-inflammatory vs. immunosuppressive activity than tacrolimus. Pimecrolimus does not affect sensitization in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis and has a lower potency in various models of immunosuppression after systemic administration, compared to tacrolimus. In conclusion, the results of preclinical studies show that pimecrolimus has a selective pharmacological profile, suited for effective and safe treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00269.x
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