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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 435-436 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach subcutaner Injektion von Kaninchenantirattenmakrophagenserum werden die Gewebsmastzellen der regionären Lymphknoten total zerstört. Die Lymphknoten bleiben für etwa 3 Tage mastzellenfrei. Danach treten Mastzellcnvorläufer auf, die morphologisch und cytochemisch Blutmonocyten oder jungen Makrophagen weitestgehend entsprechen. Aus diesen Beobachtungen und aus Literaturbefunden wird der Schluß gezogen, daß Gewebsmastzellen sehr wahrscheinlich aus Blutmonocyten entstehen.
    Notes: Summary After s.c. injection of rabbit anti-macrophage serum a total destruction of tissue mast cells in the regional lymph nodes was observed. The lymph nodes remained free from tissue mast cells until approximately the third day. Thereafter, mast cell progenitors appeared which morphologically and cytochemically corresponded closely to blood monocytes or young macrophages. From these observations and from experimental findings of the literature, it is concluded that tissue mast cells very probably originate from blood monocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 831-833 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunosuppression ; D-penicillamine ; Humoral Immunity ; Immunsuppression ; D-Penicillamin ; Humorale Immunantwort
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden systematische Untersuchungen zur Beeinflussung humoraler Primärantworten durch D-Penicillamin (Pen) mitgeteilt. Inzuchtratten werden mit Erythrocyten eines Mäusestammes sensibilisiert. In unterschiedlicher zeitlicher Beziehung dazu gegebenes PEN (Dosierung: 3·100 bzw. 3·1000 mg/kg in 24stündl. Abständen) bewirkt keine Änderung der Antikörpertiterhöhe, gemessen am 7. Tag nach Sensibilisierung. Bis zum 14. Tag ist bei Gabe von 3 000 mg/kg zeitlich vor dem Antigen der Titerabfall leicht beschleunigt. Verglichen mit Alkylantien und Antimetaboliten im selben Modell hat PEN keine immunosuppressive Wirkung.
    Notes: Summary The influence of D-penicillamine (Pen) on the humoral primary response was studied systematically. Inbred rats are sensitized with erythrocytes of mice of one strain. Pen given at various schedules (dosage: 3·100 resp. 3·1000 mg/kg at 24 h intervals) showed no effect on antibody titer 7 days after sensitization. When Pen is given before the antigen the slope of the titer after day 7 is accelerated. Compared to experiments with alkylating drugs and antimetabolites in the same model Pen does not show immunosuppressive potency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In vitro studies on cell lines may allow analyses of the mechanisms of immunogenicity and tolerogenicity in cells. We used a model of oncogenic transformation of an established murine macrophage cell line and report here that one v-mos-transformed clone expressing unaltered high amounts of MHC class I and II antigens does not induce proliferation of unprimed T cells in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions, in sharp contrast to its non-transformed parental cells. Interestingly, this clone induces specific unrespon-siveness, as revealed by the lack of responsiveness of MHC-specific T cells when subsequently exposed to the pertinent MHC alloantigens in immunogenic form but unaltered MHC-third party responsiveness of the naive spleen T cells. Furthermore, the accessory function of this clone is strongly reduced. These functional defects could be overcome by the addition of exogenous interleukin-1α (IL-1α). Analysis of mRNA expression showed a significant and selective reduction of IL-1α mRNA levels when compared with parental cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) were derived from bulbi of cornea donors and maintained in culture. The timespan between donor's death and cell cultivation ranged from 2 to 122 h. The mean numbers of hours was 25.6 (n = 130). After IFN-y stimulation, cells were serologically typed for class I and class II antigens. Unclear class I allospecificities were verified by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing. Data from the serological typing of lymphocytes and those of the serological and biochemical typing of RPE from the same donors were compared in 22 cases. There was a discrepancy of less than 5%, whereby either the typing on lymphocytes could not identify some specificities declared as blanks or the RPE typing had failed to clearly define a specificity. Our data show that the strategy adopted here is very successful for tissue typing post mortem, thus increasing the number of available HLA-matched corneas and consequently reducing the number of corneal graft rejections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous studies have demonstrated that the generation of alloreactive effector cells depends on cytokines. Conversely, there is evidence that cytokine metabolism is altered at the clonal level in tolerant chimaeras. This has led to preclinical and clinical studies using antibodies that antagonize interleukin-2 (IL-2), with the hope of achieving immunosuppression and inducing tolerance. Monoclonal antibodies against the α-chain (p55) of the human IL-2 receptor are being applied to prevent transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease in several clinical trials. The antibodies that have been applied clinically so far antagonize the binding of IL-2 to the IL-2 receptor α-chain which is part of the high affinity IL-2 receptor, but they do not deplete the receptor-bearing cells. Our study investigates the immunosuppressive effect of monoclonal antibodies against the α-chain (p55) and β-chain (p75). In mixed lymphocyte cultures the p55 antibody causes a reduction in T-cell proliferation to about 50%. The generation of cytotoxic T cells is reduced more effectively (up to 80%). By additional blocking of the IL-2 receptor β-chain we achieved an additional but still incomplete immunosuppressive effect. Moreover we show that IL-2 receptor-blocked alloreactive T cells escape suppression by using IL-4 as an alternative stimulating signal. To prevent T lymphocytes benefiting from this alternative and thwarting the immunosuppressive effect, cytotoxic IL-2 receptor antibodies that deplete the high affinity receptor-bearing cells are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 718-718 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This conclusion was supported by recent experiments which were an attempt to localize the transfer factor in question. First, the parabiosis was substituted by continuous cross-transfusion (that is, bilateral carotid artery-jugular vein anastomosis), and glomerulonephritis was transferred on 5 out ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 240 (1984), S. 185-192 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Tracheal transplantation ; Inbred rat strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To clarify contradictory information in the literature about the immunogenic effect of the trachea, tracheal transplantations were performed orthotopically and heterotopically in two combinations of inbred rat strains. In all in vivo experiments it was possible to demonstrate a considerable systemic immunisation by transplantation antigens. There were no indications of even slight organospecific immunogenicity of the trachea. Thus, the trachea is subject to the same immunological laws for transplantation as all other tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 329 (1971), S. 732-742 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. In einer einleitenden Erörterung der Grundbegriffe werden Immunsuppression vs. spezifische Reaktionsunfähigkeit, Immunologisches Enhancement vs. Toleranz, immunogene vs. tolerogene Effizienz eines Antigens sowie immunsuppressive vs. Toleranzadjuvierende Effizienz eines Immunsuppressivums gegenübergestellt. 2. Als mögliche Angriffspunkte bei der Induktion Immunologischer Toleranz werden Antigene, Antigen-Aufnahme und -Verarbeitung, sowie die immunokompetenten Zellen angesprochen. 3. Hinsichtlich der Erhaltung Immunologischer Toleranz wird besonders auf Fortbestand der Antigen-Präsenz und die sichere Möglichkeit, dies durch cellulären Chimärismus zu erreichen, hingewiesen. 4. Als Probleme bei der Induktion anhaltender Immunologischer Transplantattoleranz werden Verhinderung von HVGR und insbesondere GVHR kurz besprochen. 5. Als einer der Wege, beide Reaktionen zu verhindern, wird Kreuztransfusion in Verbindung mit kurzfristiger immunsuppressiver Vor- und Nachbehandlung erörtert. 6. Einige der in dieser Versuchsanordnung bei Ratten gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden mitgeteilt: a) Meist lebenslängliche Toleranz von Hauttransplantaten in einer RtH-1-identischen Stammkombination; b) temporäre selektive Reaktions-unfähigkeit bei einer RtH-1-determinierten vierfachen Inkompatibilität, hochsignifikant besser mit Hilfe des neuen Alkylans Ifosfamid.
    Notes: Summary 1. In an introductory section the following basic concepts are discussed: immunosuppression versus specific inability to react, immunological enhancement versus tolerance, immunogenic versus tolerogenic efficiency of an antigen as well as immunosuppressive versus tolerance-assisting efficacy of an immunosuppressive agent. 2. Antigen, mode of antigen uptake and processing, and immunocompetent cells are mentioned as factors which may be altered for induction of immunological tolerance. 3. With regard to maintenance of immunological tolerance, the continuity of the presence of antigens and the high probability of achieving this through cellular chimerism, is referred to. 4. The prevention of HVGR and especially of GVHR are briefly mentioned as problems arising when applying procedures for induction of lasting immunological transplant tolerance. 5. As one of the methods for preventing both of these reactions, cross-transfusion in combination with short-term immunsuuppressive pre- and post-medication, is discussed. 6. Some of the results obtained with this method in trials carried out in rats are given: a) Usually life-long tolerance of skin transplants in a RtH-1-identical combination of strains; b) temporary selective unresponsivenes in a RtH-1-determined four-fold incompatibility, significantly better following the application of the new alkylating agent, Ifosfamid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 340 (1975), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Vascular Transplants ; Histocompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur systematischen Untersuchung der Bedeutung immunologischer Reaktionen für Gefäßtransplantate wurde Inzuchtratten ein 4–5 mm langes Stück Aorta abdominalis in 4 Versuchskombinationen interponiert: I. Syngene (CDF → CDF), II. schwach allogene (LEW → CDF), III. stark allogene (BD 5 → CDF), IV. xenogene (Meerschweinchen → CDF). Das Transplantat wurde nach 100 Tagen makroskopisch befundet, angiographiert und vermessen. Während in Gruppe I keine Gefäßwandveränderungen gefunden wurden, nahm der Grad der Aneurysmabildung mit dem Grad der Histoinkompatibilität statistisch signifikant zu: in Gruppe II geringgradige Aneurysmen (Aufweitung auf das 1,27fache), in Gruppe III stärkere (auf das 1,71fache), in Gruppe IV sehr ausgeprägte (auf das 3,9fache) mit Teilthrombosierung in 3 der 5 Fälle. Diese Befunde werden im Zusammenhang mit anderen Untersuchungen als funktionelle und morphologische Konsequenz der Immunogenität von Aortengewebe interpretiert und diskutiert mit der Folgerung, daß der Histoinkompatibilitätsgrad auch bei Gefäßtrans plantationen sorgfältig beachtet werden sollte.
    Notes: Summary In order to make a systematic study of the significance of immunological reactions in vascular grafts, segments of abdominal aorta (4–5 mm long) were grafted into inbred rats. Four experimental combinations were used: I. syngeneic (CDF → CDF), II. weakly allogeneic (LEW →. CDF), III. strongly allogeneic (BD 5 → CDF), IV. xenogeneic (guinea pig → CDF). After 100 days the gaft was macroscopically evaluated, angiographed and measured. Whereas no alterations of the vascular wall were found in group I, the degree of aneurysm formation increased significantly corresponding to the degree of histoincompatibility in the other groups: group II showed little aneurysm formation (medicum size 1.27 fold), group III more pronounced (1.71 fold) and group IV very pronounced (3.9 fold) with partial thrombosis in 3/5 of the cases. These findings are interpreted, as functional and morphological consequences of the immunogenicity of the aorta tissue. The conclusion was reached that the degree of histoincompatibility should be more carefully considered, also in vascular grafting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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