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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperresponse in calcium-induced insulin release from electrically permeabilized pancreatic islets of diabetic GK rats and its defective augmentation by glucose (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 772-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin release ; intracellular calcium ; exocytosis ; GK rat ; permeabilized islets.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spontaneously diabetic GK rats, insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in response to glucose is selectively impaired, probably due to deficient intracellular metabolism of glucose and impaired closure of KATP channels during glucose stimulation. By using electrically permeabilized islets of GK rats, we explored the functional modulations in exocytotic steps distal to the rise in [Ca2 + ]i in the diabetic condition. At 30 nmol/l Ca2 + (basal conditions) insulin release was similar between GK and non-diabetic control Wistar rats. In response to 3.0 μmol/l Ca2 + (maximum stimulatory conditions), insulin release was significantly augmented in permeabilized GK islets (p 〈 0.01). Raising glucose concentrations from 2.8 to 16.7 mmol/l further augmented insulin release induced by 3.0 μmol/l Ca2 + from permeabilized control islets(p 〈 0.001), but had no effect on that from permeabilized GK islets. The stimulatory effect of glucose on insulin release from permeabilized control islets was partly inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (p 〈 0.01). The hyperresponse to Ca2 + in GK islets may play a physiologically compensatory role on the putative functional impairment both in [Ca2 + ]i rise and energy state in response to glucose in diabetic β cells, and may explain the relative preservation of insulin release induced by non-glucose depolarizing stimuli, such as arginine, from pancreatic islets in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 772–778]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050351
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes of pyramidal cell basal dendrites in layers III and V of human motor cortex: A quantitative Golgi study (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1985), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Age-related changes ; Basal dendrites ; Pyramidal cells ; Motor cortex ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Age-related changes of pyramidal cell basal dendrites in layers III and V of human motor cortex (area 4) were analyzed quantitatively in Golgiimpregnated sections by Sholl's method of concentric cireles (Sholl 1953). The present data suggested that basal dendrites of the pyramidal cells were decreased in number with advancing age, and that the decrease was more prominent in basal dendrites of layer V pyramidal cells than in those of layer III pyramidal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687009
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of symbiotic luminous bacteria from parental Leiognathus nuchalis to their offspring (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Juveniles of Leiognathus nuchalis were raised from fertilized eggs for up to 60 d and examined for luminescence activity. Almost all juveniles raised separately from adults failed to produce detectable light. In contrast, a significant percentage (33 to 100%) of the juveniles became luminescent in less than 48 h when they were either kept with adults or inoculated with a homogenate of the adult light organs. The luminescence tended to increase with time after the treatments. These findings suggest that: (1) most of L. nuchalis offspring typically hatch and develop apo-symbiotically and (2) at least 45 d after hatching, juveniles can be infected with symbiotic luminous bacteria from the light organ of adult fish, and thereby gain the ability to produce light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050669
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of thalamo-caudate neurons in the cat as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caudate afferents ; Intralaminar nuclei ; midline nuclei ; CM-Pf-HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of thalamocaudate neurons in the cat was examined by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. After injection of HRP into the head of the caudate nucleus (Cd), thalamic neurons labeled with HRP were observed mainly in the rhomboid nucleus (Rh), central medial nucleus (Ce), centre médian-parafascicular complex (CM-Pf) as well as in the midline and intralaminar regions surrounding the mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Distribution of HRP-labeled neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CL) were localized in the medial parts of the nucleus. Many HRP-labeled neurons were also seen in the substantia nigra (SN) and retrorubral nucleus (Rr). Additionally, HRP-labeled neurons were found in the ventrolateral portions of the anteromedial nucleus (AM), lateral portions of the MD, ventral tegmental area of Tsai (vT) and the midline raphe nuclei, such as the rostral lineal (rL), central lineal (cL) and dorsal raphe (dR) nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238347
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamo-cortical projections for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses in the parietal cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Cortex ; Recruiting response ; Spindling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The thalamic neurones sending their axons to the parietal association cortex (middle suprasylvian gyrus) and receiving monosynaptic excitation from the cerebellar (interpositus or lateral) nucleus were recorded with microelectrodes extracellularly and intracellularly around the anterior ventral (VA) nucleus of the thalamus in cats. Such thalamic neurones are known to carry exclusively the impulses responsible for superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses in the parietal cortex, being called superficial T-C neurones (see Sasaki et al., 1972a, b). 2. Repetitive (6–9/sec) stimulation of the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex (CM) or the intralaminar nuclei (IL) of the thalamus elicited grouped spike discharges of the neurone in synchronization with the recruiting responses in the parietal cortex. The grouped discharges usually preceded the respective cortical responses by several milliseconds. Numbers of the spikes in the grouped discharges increased and decreased as the recruiting responses waxed and waned on the repetitive stimulation. 3. The superficial T-C neurones also showed similar grouped discharges in synchronization with spindling-like, surface-negative cortical responses which occurred spontaneously or were evoked by single thalamic stimulation. 4. It was concluded that the superficial T-C neurones can convey impulses for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses from the thalamus directly to the cerebral cortex. They are supposed to constitute the final T-C pathway of the neuronal circuits of the recruiting system, i.e., non-specific T-C projection system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235413
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies of the projections from the parietal association area to the cerebellar cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Association cortex ; Cerebellar cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses evoked in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the parietal association cortex (rostral portions of the middle suprasylvian gyrus) were recorded and analysed in cats, and were compared with those by stimulation of the motor cortex (anterior sigmoid gyrus). 2. The parietal stimulation elicited early mossy fibre and late climbing fibre responses in the cerebellar cortex. The mossy fibre responses appeared at a latency of 2.0–2.5 msec and predominantly in the lateral (hemispherical) part of the contralateral cerebellum (mainly crus I, crus II and paramedian lobules). Cutting of the inferior cerebellar peduncle produced little or no influence upon the mossy fibre responses, which suggests that the mossy fibre responses are mediated chiefly by the pontine nuclei. 3. The climbing fibre responses were recorded at a latency of 17–19 msec and markedly in the contralateral intermediate and medial parts of IV–VI lobules. The responses were easily suppressed by anaesthesia and depended on the conditions of experimental animals. The unstable appearance of the responses and their longer latencies than those of the climbing fibre responses due to stimulation of the motor cortex imply indirect pathways from the parietal association cortex to the inferior olive. 4. The predominant projection of the parietal-induced mossy fibre responses to the lateral part of the cerebellum was compared with the mossy fibre projection from the motor cortex and was discussed as an important component in the cerebrocerebellar loops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238732
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projection of the cerebellar dentate nucleus onto the frontal association cortex in monkeys (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebello-cerebral projection ; Dentate nucleus ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in monkeys elicited responses in the frontal association cortex (area 9) on the contralateral side to the stimulation, in addition to those in the motor (area 4) and premotor (area 6) cortices which were reported previously. The responses in the frontal association cortex were characterized by surface positive-deep negative field potentials in the cortex. They contrasted with surface negative-deep positive potentials in the motor and premotor cortices on the same dentate nucleus stimulation. In the rostral part of the premotor cortex (area 6) on the border of area 9, both types of responses were induced and admixed. The relay nucleus of the thalamus was suggested for the dentate-induced responses in the frontal association cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474266
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical field potentials preceding visually initiated hand movements and cerebellar actions in the monkey (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 46 (1982), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Premovement cortical potential ; Visually initiated movement ; Cerebellum ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cortical field potentials preceding hand movements initiated by a visual stimulus were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes in premotor, motor and somatosensory cortices of monkeys, and the influences of cerebellar hemispherectomy on cortical potentials as well as reaction time of movements were examined. As reported previously, early surface-positive, depth-negative (2.5–3 mm depth from the cortical surface) premovement potentials emerged at about 40 ms latency after onset of the light stimulus bilaterally in premotor and forelimb motor areas. Early potentials in the forelimb motor area contralateral to the moving hand were followed at about 120 ms latency by surface-negative, depth-positive late premovement potentials which are considered to be mainly composed of superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses. Unilateral hemispherectomy of the cerebellum contralateral to the motor area immediately eliminated the surface-negative, depth-positive potentials. Reaction time from onset of the light stimulus to the hand movement was prolonged by 90–250 ms after cerebellar hemispherectomy. If the dentate and interpositus nuclei were also lesioned, disappearance of the late potentials and delay of the movement continued for many months. However, if the interpositus was spared, there was earlier recovery of reaction time with simultaneous reappearance of the late premovement potentials in the motor cortex. The conclusion is drawn that the cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum) activates the motor cortex via superficial T-C projections and participates directly in the initiation of reaction movements in response to an external stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238095
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on cerebello-cerebral projections in the cat (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Cerebral Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Cerebello-cerebral projections were electrophysiologically investigated in cats under light Nembutal anaesthesia. Marked responses were produced by stimulation of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum not only in the pericruciate but also in the suprasylvian cortical areas, both areas being contralateral to the cerebellar nuclei stimulated. Medial nucleus stimulation set up little or no response in the cerebral cortex. 2. The previous electrophysiological study on thalamo-cortical (T-C) projections showed two different kinds of responses in the cortex due presumably to two different T-C projection systems, i. e., deep and superficial T-C responses (see Sasaki et al., 1970). According to laminar field potential analysis, the response in the pericruciate area is characterized by a deep T-C response which is often followed by a superficial T-C response, whereas the response in the parietal cortex consists of a pure superficial T-C response. Intracellular potential changes in cortical neurones elicited by cerebellar nucleus stimulation were consistent with the results of laminar field potential analysis. 3. Comparison between laminar field potentials in the same cortex produced by thalamic and cerebellar nucleus stimulation suggests that the response in the pericruciate cortex is mediated by the ventral lateral nucleus and that the response in the parietal cortex is relayed by the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233375
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellocerebral projections in monkeys (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 24 (1976), S. 495-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellocerebral projection ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar and thalamic nuclei were recorded by microelectrodes introduced at various depths in the cerebral cortex of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) under light Nembutal anaesthesia. 2. Stimulation of the medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus produced, at a latency of 4–5 msec, deep thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses (surface positivedeep negative potentials) mainly in the medial part of the precentral gyrus (area 4, “motor area for hindlimb”) and in the superior parietal gyrus (area 5) on both contralateral and ipsilateral sides to the nucleus stimulated. 3. Stimulation of the lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus elicited, at a latency of about 3 msec, superficial T-C responses (surface negative-deep positive potentials) predominantly in the lateral part of the precentral gyrus (area 4, “motor area for forelimb and face”) and in the rostromedial part of the gyrus (area 6, premotor area) on the contralateral side. 4. Stimulation of the interpositus cerebellar nucleus set up superficial T-C responses chiefly in the motor area between those influenced by the medial and the lateral cerebellar nucleus stimulation and also in the premotor area on the contralateral side. 5. The respective areas responsive to the medial, interpositus and lateral nucleus stimulation overlapped considerably each other in the motor cortex. 6. Comparison of the responses in the cortex induced by stimulation of the cerebellar and thalamic nuclei indicated different relay portions in and around the VA-VL region of the thalamus for the superficial and the deep T-C responses respectively. 7. Functional implications of the results were discussed in referring to the cerebellocerebral projections in cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234966
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