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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Y Chromosome ; Y-Chromosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Versuche, Metaphasechromosomen und Zellkerne mit den Acridinderivaten Acranil und Atebrin zu fluorochromieren, haben gezeigt, daß sich das Y-Chromosom durch seine intensive Fluorescenz von allen anderen Chromosomen abhebt. In Interphasekernen zeigt ein leuchtender Punkt („F-body“) das Vorhandensein eines Y-Chromosoms an. Er kann auch als Doppelpunkt erscheinen. Der F-body wird in 80% der Epithelkerne (Mundepithelien, Amnionzellen) — Färbung vorzugsweise mit Acranil — und in 98% der Leukocytenkerne (Granulocyten, Lymphocyten) — Färbung mit Atebrin — festgestellt.
    Notes: Summary Staining of the human metaphase chromsomes and interphase nuclei with “Atebrin” as well as “Acranil” have revealed intensive fluorescence of the Y chromosome. A brightly fluorescent spot (“F-body”) in interphase nuclei suggests the presence of one Y chromosome. The spot may be doubled. The F-body is seen in 80% of epithelial cells (from buccal smears or amniotic fluid)-the preferable stain being Acranil-, and in 98% of leucocytes,-the preferable stain being Atebrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Molecular genetic analysis of the transmission of mutations in 73 families with fragile X (one of the largest samples evaluated so far) has confirmed previous hypotheses that the fragile X syndrome results from two consecutive mutational steps, designated “premutation” and “full fragile X mutation”. These mutations give rise to expansions of restriction fragments, most probably by amplification of the FMR-1 CGG repeat. Premutations are identified by small expansions that apparently have no effect on either the clinical or the cellular phenotype. Full mutations are reflected by large expansions and hypermethylation of the expanded gene region. All males showing large expansions were affected. Individuals with full mutations also expressed the fragile X, with only one exception. An affected “mosaic” male, showing a predominance of premutated fragments in his leukocytes, was shown to be fragile-X-negative on different occasions. About 50% of heterozygotes with full mutations were reported by clinicians to be mentally retarded. Conversion of the premutation to the full mutation may occur at oogenesis, as previously suggested, or after formation of a zygote at an early transitional stage in development when the CGG repeat behaves as a mitotically unstable element on maternally derived/imprinted X chromosomes carrying a premutation of sufficient repeat length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 271-275 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Choanal atresia ; Multiple congenital anomalies ; CHARGE-association
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six patients with both choanal atresia (ChA) and additional malformations are described and another 110 cases with this combination reviewed from the literature. Our study of these cases supports the existence of the CHARGE-association (Coloboma, Heart Disease, Atresia of choanae, Retarded mental development and growth, Genital hypoplasia, Ear anomalies and deafness). Our findings suggest the inclusion of orofacial clefts and oesophageal atresia among the main symptoms of this association. A certain degree of facial dysmorphism (low set, dysplastic ears, retrogenia, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures and anteverted nares) was observed in each of our cases. Infants with the bilateral type of ChA plus cardiac defects and those with ChA plus renal malformations have a high mortality rate. The aetiology of the association is not clear. The recurrence risk may be low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 112 (1972), S. 89-112 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: X-chromosomal Dominant Inherited Syndrome ; Oral, Facial and Digital Anomalies ; Malformations of Brain and Kidneys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das oro-facio-digitale Syndrom (OFD) wird an 12 eigenen Beobachtungen dargestellt. Die Häufigkeit der Symptome ergibt sich aus einer Zusammenstellung der gesamten Kasuistik bis 1971. Besonders hingewiesen wird auf Fehlbildungen des Gehirns, die in etwa einem Fünftel der Fälle beschrieben werden, und auf polycystische Veränderungen der Nieren, die in 5 von 7 obduzierten Fällen festgestellt wurden. Mindestens ein Drittel aller Kinder sterben im Kleinkindalter. Das Syndrom wird durch ein X-chromosomal dominantes Gen verursacht. Die Anlage kann sich sowohl im voll ausgebildeten Syndrom als auch möglicherweise in kaum nachweisbaren Anomalien manifestieren.
    Notes: Abstract The oro-facial-digital syndrome (OFD) is documented by 12 personal observations. The frequency of the symptoms is given in a table based upon a review of all cases up to 1971. Attention is focussed on malformations of the brain, which were found in one fifth of all cases, and on polycystic anomalies of the kidney seen in 5 out of 7 autopsied cases. At least one third of all children die during early infancy. The syndrome is caused by an X-chromosomal dominant gene. Its expressivity covers the complete syndrome as well as minor dysplasias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 120 (1975), S. 283-292 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Intrauterine growth retardation ; Postnatal growth retardation ; Retardation of weight gain ; Microcephaly ; Mild mental retardation ; Malformation syndrome ; Recessive inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 2 Patienten mit dem noch wenig bekannten Dubowitz-Syndrom werden beschrieben. Hauptsymptome sind intrauterine und postnatale Wachstumsverzögerung, Mikrocephalie, Hyperaktivität, mäßige geistige Retardierung, allgemeine Bänderschlaffheit und charakteristische Anomalien der Facies, wie ausgeprägter Epicanthus, Blepharophimose, Verbreiterung der Nasenwurzel und-spitze, Retrogenie. Hinzukommen können submucöse Gaumenspalte, Klinodaktylie der Kleinfinger, Fußanomalien, cutane Syndaktylie der 2. und 3. Zehen, Steißbeingrübchen und Kryptorchismus. Bisher wurden 11 Patienten mit diesem offensichtlich seltenen, wahrscheinlich autosomal recessiv erblichen Syndrom beschrieben. Differentialdiagnostisch muß im Rahmen der intrauterinen Dystrophien vor allem das fetale Alkohol-Syndrom ausgeschlossen werden, das exogen verursacht ist.
    Notes: Abstract Two patients with the Dubowitz syndrome are presented. This presumably recessive inherited syndrome was first defined by Grosse et al. (1971). So far 11 patients with this syndrome have been described. Major clinical findings are intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, considerable microcephaly, mild mental retardation, hyperactivity, hyperextensibility of joints, eczema and a characteristic appearance of the face due to marked epicanthic folds, blepharophimosis, broadening of the bridge and tip of the nose and retrognathia. Minor anomalies as clinodactyly of the fifth digits, cutaneous syndactyly of toes, foot deformity, sacral dimple and cryptorchidism may be seen. The exclusion of the non genetic fetal alcohol syndrome presents serious diagnostic problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 121 (1976), S. 155-177 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Disturbed brain development ; Skeletal malformations ; Congenital heart anomalies ; Embryonic virilisation ; Intrauterine hypoplasia ; Postnatal growth retardation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über 24 Kinder mit efAS berichtet. Die Symptomatik entsprach in den Grundzügen dem von Lemoine et al. und Jones et al. mitgeteilten Krankheitsbild; die von Jones et al. angegebene Hypoplasie des Oberkiefers und Mikrophthalmie konnten wir jedoch nicht bestätigen. Zusätzlich beobachteten wir bei 2 Mädchen Virilisationen des Genitales, die einem Pseudohermaphroditismus femininus entsprachen. Auxologisch wurde ein nahezu gesetzmäßiges Muster der gemessenen Parameter festgestellt. Die intrauterine Hypotrophie setzt sich auch nach der Geburt fort. Vor allem der Schädelumfang bleibt postnatal als Ausdruck des mangelhaften Gehirnwachstums zurück. Die cerebrale Läsion führt zur Oligophrenie und zu einem charakteristischen Muster des psychischen und motorischen Verhaltens. In leichten und mittelschweren Fällen besteht eine Tendenz zur Besserung dieser Symptome. Hinsichtlich der Pathogenese lassen die klinischen Beobachtungen in Verbindung mit den neueren Tierexperimenten folgende Schlüsse zu: Weder die Unterernährung noch die Leberschädigung der Mutter sind pathogenetische Voraussetzungen des efAS. Teratogenetisch scheint der Alkohol selbst die Hauptrolle zu spielen. Der beim Abbau des Äthanols normalerweise entstehende Acetaldehyd wirkt zwar ebenfalls cytotoxisch, doch ist gerade die Leber des Embryos und Fetus auf Grund ihres Mangels an Alkoholdehydrogenase kaum in der Lage, Äthanol zu metabolisieren.
    Notes: Summary The symptomatology in 24 patients with the embryo-fetal alcohol syndrome in this study corresponded essentially to the clinical picture described by Lemoine et al., and Jones et al., although we were not able to confirm the maxillary hypoplasia and microphthalmia mentioned in the latter. In addition, we observed in 2 girls a virilization of the genitalia which corresponded to female pseudohermaphroditism. Auxologically a nearly regular pattern of the parameters measured was found. The intrauterine hypotrophy continues after birth. In particular, the head circumference, reflecting the brain growth, remains low. The cerebral damage leads to oligophrenia with a typical pattern of psychic and motor behaviour. Moderate cases tend to improve. Concerning the pathogenesis, the clinical observations in connexion with recent animal experiments permit the following conclusions. Neither the malnutrition nor the liver damage of the mothers are necessary presuppositions. Ethanol itself appears to play the main teratogenetical rôle. Acetaldehyde, which is the primary metabolite of ethanol, is cytotoxic too. However, the liver of the embryo and the fetus, in consequence of its deficient alcohol dehydrogenase content, is not able to metabolize ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 338-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cohen syndrome ; Mental retardation ; Short stature ; Facial and limb anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three patients with features of the Cohen Syndrome are reported. Main facial features are prominent nasal bridge, short philtrum, prominent upper central incisors, and retrogenia. There is microcephaly and short stature. Truncal obesity appears in mid childhood. Mental retardation seems to be severe. There is marked variability among the as yet reported cases. The best diagnostic criteria seem to be the typical face and mental retardation. As yet 3 affected sibs, offspring of healthy, non consanguineous parents are reported, as well as 8 sporadic cases. The condition seems inherited as auto-somal recessive. The variability of this condition is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 141 (1984), S. 188-189 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1986), S. 574-578 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Dubowitz syndrome ; Genetics ; Growth retardation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Dubowitz syndrome is a rare, autosomal, recessively inherited disorder of intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation leading to microcephaly, moderate mental retardation and such characteristic facial anomalies as telecanthus, epicanthic folds, blepharophimosis, ptosis, broadening of the bridge and tip of the nose, abnormal ears and retrogenia. Further findings include hyperactivity, eczema, cryptorchidism in the affected males, and brachy-clinodactyly of the fifth fingers. Thirty-three cases with this syndrome have been reported in the literature. Five additional patients are presented. All five are sporadic cases. The diagnostic symptoms and the differential diagnosis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 916-921 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Serpentine fibulae ; Growth retardation ; Polycystic kidneys ; Deafness ; New syndrome versus Melnick-Needles syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on the third patient with serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome. Main features in the three reported cases were growth retardation, abnormal face, hirsutism, short neck, bowed forearms and lower legs due to bowed radii and elongated serpentine fibulae, and metatarsus adductus. Two patients including our own were deaf. All were mentally normal, all were female and sporadic. In addition, we report on a girl with Melnick-Needles syndrome and illustrate the similarities and differences between these syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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