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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 9 (1938), S. B49 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 2 (1931), S. 135-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Rhizomelic ; chondrodysplasia punctata ; Dihydroxyacetonephosphate-acyl-transferase ; Electron microscopy ; Peroxisomes ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is clinically characterized by symmetrical shortening of the proximal limbs, contractures of joints, a characteristic dysmorphic face, and cataracts. In the classical form an impairment of several peroxisomal functions and enzymes (plasmalogen synthesis, phytanic acid oxidation, 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase) has been repeatedly shown. Recently a variant involving only the peroxisomal dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) has been described. We present a patient with isolated DHAP-AT deficiency and all clinical, radiological, and pathological features of classical RCDP. For the first time, microscopy and immunocytochemistry of hepatocytes could be performed. Conclusion In contrast to studies on classical rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata which have shown enlarged peroxisomes in numbers varying from hepatocyte to hepatocyte, the peroxisomes in our patient seem to be normal in size, number and shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 19 (1990), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Assembly ; Caged-GTP ; Microtubules ; Oscillation ; Synchrotron radiation ; Tubulin ; X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Microtubule assembly and oscillations have been induced using the rapid liberation of GTP by UV flash photolysis of caged-GTP and monitored by time-resolved X-ray scattering. The flash photolysis method of achieving assembly conditions is much faster than the temperature jump method used earlier (msec vs. s range). However, the structural transitions and their rates are similar to those described previously. This means that the rates of the transitions in microtubule assembly observed before are determined by the protein itself, and not by the rate at which assembly conditions are induced. The advantages and limitations of using the photolysis of caged-GTP in microtubule assembly studies are compared with temperature jump methods. Caged-GTP itself reduces the rate of microtubule assembly and oscillations at mM concentrations, consistent with a weak interaction between the nucleotide analogue and the protein. X-rays are capable of slowly liberating GTP and other breakdown products from caged-GTP, even in the absence of UV flash photolysis, thus causing an apparent “X-ray-induced” microtubule assembly. This effect depends on the X-ray dose but is independent of the caged-GTP concentrations used here (mM range), suggesting that the breakdown of caged-GTP is caused not by the direct absorption of X-rays by the compound but by another intermediate reaction such as the generation of radicals by the X-rays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Microtubules ; Motor proteins ; Kinesin ; X-ray crystallography ; Small angle X-ray scattering ; Cell motility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, the molecular structures of monomeric and dimeric kinesin constructs in complex with ADP have been determined by X-ray crystallography (Kull et al. 1996; Kozielski et al. 1997 a; Sack et al. 1997). The “motor” or “head” domains have almost identical conformations in the known crystal structures, yet the kinesin dimer is asymmetric: the orientation of the two heads relative to the coiled-coil formed by their neck regions is different. We used small angle solution scattering of kinesin constructs and microtubules decorated with kinesin in order to find out whether these crystal structures are of relevance for kinesin's structure under natural conditions and for its interaction with microtubules. Our preliminary results indicate that the crystal structures of monomeric and dimeric kinesin are similar to their structures in solution, though in solution the center-of-mass distance between the motor domains of the dimer could be slightly greater. The crystal structure of dimeric kinesin can be interpreted as representing two equivalent conformations. Transitions between these or very similar conformational states may occur in solution. Binding of kinesin to microtubules has conformational effects on both, the kinesin and the microtubule. Solution scattering of kinesin decorated microtubules reveals a peak in intensity that is characteristic for the B-surface lattice and that can be used to monitor the axial repeat of the microtubules under various conditions. In decoration experiments, dimeric kinesin dissociates, at least partly, leading to a stoichiometry of 1:1 (one kinesin head per tubulin dimer; Thormählen et al. 1998 a) in contrast to the stoichiometry of 2:1 reported for dimeric ncd. This discrepancy is possibly due to the effect of steric hindrance between kinesin dimers on adjacent binding sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 22 (1994), S. 405-421 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Dynamic instability ; Cap model ; Cooperativity ; Synchronization ; Small angle X-ray scattering ; Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simulations of microtubule oscillations have been obtained by a kinetic model including nucleation of microtubules, elongation by addition of GTP-loaded tubulin dimers, disassembly into oligomers, and dissolution of oligomers followed by nucleotide exchange at the free dimers. Dynamic instability is described by the on and off rates for dimer association in the growth phase, the rate of rapid shortening, and the transition rates for catastrophe and rescue. The latter are assumed to be completely determined by the current state of the system (“short cap hypothesis”). Microtubule oscillations and normal polymerizations measured by time-resolved X-ray scattering were used to test the model. The model is able to produce oscillations without further assumptions. However, in order to obtain good fits to the experimental data one requires an additional mechanism which prevents rapid desynchronization of the microtubules. One of several possible mechanisms that will be discussed is the destabilization of microtubules by the products of disassembly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 12 (1998), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Autoimmunität – Thymus – Thymom – Pathogenese – Azetylcholinrezeptor ; Key words Autoimmunity – Thymus – Thymoma – Pathogenesis – Acetylcholin Receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Myasthenia gravis (MG) in about 80% of cases is associated with pathological alterations of the thymus. These alterations are described here with reference to distinct models of autoimmunization against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). In MG with thymitis intrathymic production of AChR-specific autoantibodies is the result of a classical antigendriven immune reaction that occurs completely inside the thymus and probably involves AChR on myoid cells as the myasthenogenic antigen. In thymoma-associated MG, intratumorous autoantibody production does not occur and intratumorous T cell activation is exceptional. Instead, abnormally hyperexpressed proteins in conjunction with abnormally low MCH class II levels may trigger autoantigen-specific, non-tolerogenic T cell selection by neoplastic epithelial cells, followed by export of potentially autoreactive T cells to extratumorous sites. Thus, the initial steps in the pathogenesis of most MG cases take place within abnormal thymic microenvironments, be they inflammatory or neoplastic. The different pathogenetic mechanisms imply that MG is an early symptom in thymitis but a late symptom in thymoma patients. Early srgery after onset of MG is essential in thymitis to prevent “dissemination” of autoreactive T cells to extrathymic organs and to improve MG symptoms. By contrast, “dissemination” of autoreactive T cells has already happend during many months or years before a given thymoma becomes symptomatic. As a consequence, surgery in thymoma patients aims mainly at the oncological and local cardiovascular complications of thymomas but rarely achieves alleviation of MG symptoms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Myasthenia gravis (MG) geht in 80% der Fälle mit Thymusveränderungen einher, denen unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Autoimmunisierung gegen den Acetylcholinrezeptor (AChR) entsprechen. Bei MG Patienten mit Thymitis ist die intrathymische Produktion von AChR-Autoantikörpern das Ergebnis einer Antigen-abhängigen Immunreaktion, die einschließlich der Autoantikörperproduktion vollständig im Thymus abläuft. Die AChR der thymischen Myoidzellen sind die Autoantigene, die den Autoimmunprozess unterhalten. Bei MG Patienten mit Thymomen findet eine intratumoröse Autoantikörperproduktion nicht statt. Statt dessen führt ein gestörtes Mikromilieu zu einer Autoantigen-spezifischen, abnormen T-Zell-Selektion. Die dadurch intratumorös entstehenden, potentiell autoagressiven T-Zellen werden aus dem Thymom freigesetzt und besiedeln extratumoröse lymphatische Organe. Erst dort kommt es zur eigentlich krankmachenden Autoimmunreaktion. Die unterschiedlichen Pathogenesen implizieren, daß die MG bei Thymitis-Patienten ein Frühsymptom, bei Thymom-Patienten ein Spätsymptom der zugrunde liegenden Thymuserkrankung ist. Bei Thymitis-Patienten ist eine frühzeitige Thymektomie indiziert, um eine Besiedlung extrathymischer Organe mit autoreaktiven T-Zellen zu verhindern. Demgegenüber sind bei Thymom-Patienten die peripheren lymphoiden Organe mit potentiell autoagressiven T-Zellen längst besiedelt, wenn der Tumor entdeckt wird. Daher hat die Thymomchirurgie kaum einen Einfluß auf die MG Symptomatik, sondern dient vorrangig onkologischen Zwecken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1212-1214 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A spectrometer for inverse photoemission in the vacuum ultraviolet range is described. A spherical grating with an acceptance of f/4 is used in normal incidence. Two position-sensitive detectors allow the registration of spectra covering the whole range of photon energies from 8 to 28 eV in parallel. The optical resolution is 18 A(ring) for the Lyman-α line of hydrogen. A space-charge-limited electron gun with an energy spread of 0.25 eV is used to excite inverse photoemission spectra. The large acceptance angle of the grating allows one to measure spectra with high efficiency and low background level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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