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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 14 (1978), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: GIP ; insulin ; incretin ; duodenal ulcer ; oral glucose tolerance test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) and insulin to a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an intravenous glucose infusion (IVGI), which copied the changes in plasma glucose concentrations during the OGTT, were measured in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer and in 10 healthy control subjects. The mean responses of GIP and insulin to OGTT were significantly increased in the ulcer patients. During IVGI the responses were normal. The degree of increased GIP response in the patients was positively correlated with the plasma glucose increase during the OGTT. It is postulated that the increased GIP secretion is related to a faster glucose absorption due to rapid gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer patients. No correlation was found between basal and peak gastric acid output and the GIP response in the patients. The data demonstrate that GIP secretion is not defective in duodenal ulcer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intestine ; insulin-releasing factor ; GLI ; islets ; pancreas pieces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des extraits à l'acide éthanol ont été préparés à partir du coeur, duodénum, ileum + jejunum (TOT) du porc et TOT fractionnée sur colonne chromato-graphique. Avec les ilôts du rat et les morceaux de pancréas du rat, incubés dans du glucose 16.6 mM, on a déterminé pour chaque produit son activité insulinolibératrice (IRA). Les extraits de coeur et duodénum n'accrurent pas la libération d'insuline; le glucagon pancréatique et TOT l'augmentèrent significativement. La secrétine synthétique n'agit point sur la libération d'insuline, par les ilôts isolés, mais la pancréozymine très faiblement. La production d'insuline, par les ilôts et les morceaux, fut stimulée par quelques fractions de TOT, les effets dépendant des concentrations des fractions entre 5 et 250 μg/ml. Les contenus en GLI, pancréozymine et secrétine de ces produits furent comparés avec leurs IRAs. L'IRA, rapporté ici, n'est pas du à la secrétine, ni probablement à la pancréozymine. Il n'existe pas de relations quantitatives entre le GLI et IRA des fractions.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Säureäthanolextrakte wurden aus dem Ileum + Jejunum (TOT), Herz und Duodenum des Schweins zubereitet. TOT wurde mittels Säulenchromatographie fraktioniert. Die insulinfreisetzende Aktivität (IRA) dieser Stoffe wurde an Ratteninseln und Rattenpankreasstückchen bestimmt, die mit 16.6 mM Glucose inkubiert worden waren. Die Herz- und Duodenumextrakte hatten keine Wirkung auf die Insulinausschüttung. Pankreasglucagon und TOT bewirkten eine signifikante Erhöhung der Insulinfreigabe. Synthetisches Sekretin bewirkte keine Erhöhung der Insulinfreisetzung aus isolierten Inseln. Pancreozymin hatte nur eine geringe Wirkung auf die Insulinproduktion der Inseln. Einige der Fraktionen von TOT erhöhten die Insulinproduktion der Inseln und der Pankreasstückchen. Im Konzentrations-bereich von 5 – 250 μg/ml waren die Wirkungen dieser Fraktionen konzentrationsabhängig. Der GLI-, Pancreozymin- und Sekretingehalt dieser Stoffe wird mit ihren IRAs verglichen. Die hier beschriebene IRA wird nicht durch Sekretin verursacht, wahrscheinlich auch nicht durch Pancreozymin. Es besteht keine quantitative Wechselbeziehung zwischen der GLI und der IRA der Fraktionen.
    Notes: Summary Acid-ethanol extracts were prepared from pork ileum + jejunum (TOT), heart and duodenum. TOT was fractionated by column chromatography. The insulin-releasing activities (IRA) of these materials were determined using rat islets and pieces of rat pancreas incubated with 16.6 mM glucose. The heart and duodenum extracts were without effect on insulin release. Pancreatic flucagon and TOT significantly increased insulin release. Synthetic secretin did not increase insulin release by isolated islets. Pancreozymin had only slight effects on the insulin output by islets. Some of the fractions of TOT increased the insulin output of islets and pancreas pices. The effects of these fractions were concentration-dependent in the range 5 to 250 μ/ml. The contents of GLI, pancreozymin and secretin in these materials are compared with their IRAs. The IRA described here is not caused by secretin, and is probably not caused by pancreozymin. There is no quantitative correlation between the GLI and the IRA of the fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Baculovirus ; Sf9 cells ; recombinant ; human ; islet ; glutamic acid decarboxylase ; 65 kDa ; purification.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The enzyme l-glutamic acid decarboxylase is a major autoantigen of the beta cell. Autoantibodies against this enzyme are observed before the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in man and may be of predictive value. There is evidence that this enzyme is involved in the development of autoimmune diabetes in animals. In order to facilitate the investigation of the role of l-glutamine acid decarboxylase in IDDM, we expressed the 65 kDa isoform of human islet l-glutamic acid decarboxylase in insect cells using a baculovirus-based vector. The material was expressed at high levels (up to 50 mg/l of cells). Partially purified metabolically labelled l-glutamic acid decarboxylase bound to immunoglobulins in the sera from 20 of 49 subjects with newly-diagnosed IDDM. The enzyme was isolated in high yields (up to 26 mg/l cell culture) with fully maintained enzymatic activity by either ion-exchange chromatography or immunoaffinity chromatography. Purified l-glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibited the binding of radioactive l-glutamic acid decarboxylase, prepared by in vitro translation of mRNA, to immunoglobulins in the sera of subjects with IDDM. Recombinant human islet l-glutamic acid decarboxylase, isolated from Sf9 cells, is a suitable material for the large scale investigation of the utility of this enzyme in the prediction and prevention of autoimmune diabetes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 14–23
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Baculovirus ; Sf9 cells ; recombinant ; human ; islet ; glutamic acid decarboxylase ; 65 kDa ; purification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The enzymel-glutamic acid decarboxylase is a major autoantigen of the beta cell. Autoantibodies against this enzyme are observed before the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in man and may be of predictive value. There is evidence that this enzyme is involved in the development of autoimmune diabetes in animals. In order to facilitate the investigation of the role ofl-glutamine acid decarboxylase in IDDM, we expressed the 65 kDa isoform of human isletl-glutamic acid decarboxylase in insect cells using a baculovirus-based vector. The material was expressed at high levels (up to 50 mg/l of cells). Partially purified metabolically labelledl-glutamic acid decarboxylase bound to immunoglobulins in the sera from 20 of 49 subjects with newly-diagnosed IDDM. The enzyme was isolated in high yields (up to 26 mg/l cell culture) with fully maintained enzymatic activity by either ion-exchange chromatography or immunoaffinity chromatography. Purifiedl-glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibited the binding of radioactivel-glutamic acid decarboxylase, prepared by in vitro translation of mRNA, to immunoglobulins in the sera of subjects with IDDM. Recombinant human isletl-glutamic acid decarboxylase, isolated from Sf9 cells, is a suitable material for the large scale investigation of the utility of this enzyme in the prediction and prevention of autoimmune diabetes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 14–23
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 5 (1969), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; 14C-glucose ; oral load ; rat ; liver ; serum insulin ; glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le 6-14C-glucose (activité spécifique 6.0 μCi/g) a été administré à l'aide d'une sonde oesophagienne à des rats normaux à jeun; le quantité administrée fut de 1.5 g/kg. Les rats furent sacrifiés par groupes, 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 et 180 min après l'administration du glucose, afin d'en prélever le sang et le foie. L'insuline et le glucose du sérum plafonèrent après 20 min. Le glucose radioactif contenu dans le sérum et mesuré par la radioactivité des dérivés du dimédon du 6-C du glucose, plafona après 60 min. A ce moment 92% du glucose sérique provenaient du glucose radioactif administré. Le glycogène du foie commença à augmenter après 10–20 min, pour atteindre son maximum à 120 min. L'incorporation du 14C-glucose dans le glycogène du foie augmenta parallèlement au glycogène total. On suppose que pendant la première heure qui suit une administration orale de glucose, il y a réduction de la libération hépatique du glucose accompagnée d'une augmentation de la synthèse du glycogène hépatique. Au cours de la deuxième heure, il y a augmentation ultérieure du glycogène hépatique. Entre 120 et 180 min, la quantité de glycogène hépatique décroît tandis que la libération du glucose hépatique s'accroît. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle important du foie dans l'utilisation du glucose administré par voie orale.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Normalen Ratten im Hungerzustand wurde 6-14C-Glucose (spezifische Aktivität 6.0 μ-Ci/g) mittels einer Schlundsonde zugeführt. Die verabreichte Menge betrug 1.5 g/kg. Die Ratten wurden gruppenweise getötet und zwar 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 und 180 Min. nach der Glucosebelastung. Proben wurden sowohl dem Blut als auch der Leber entnommen. Das Serum-Insulin und die Serum-Glucose erreichten ihre Höchstwerte nach 20 Min. Die radioaktive Serum-Glucose, die als Radioaktivität der Dimedone-Derivate der 6-C-Glucose gemessen wurde, erreichte ihr Maximum nach 60 Min. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt entstammten 92% der Serum-Glucose der verabreichten Belastung. Der Glykogen-Gehalt der Leber begann nach 10–20 Min. zu steigen und erreichte sein Maximum nach 120 Min. Der Einbau der 14C-Glucose verlief parallel zu den Änderungen der Gesamt-Glykogenmenge. Es wird vermutet, daß im Laufe der ersten Stunde nach einer oralen Glucose-Belastung die Glucose-Abgabe aus der Leber reduziert wird bei gleichzeitig gesteigerter Glykogen-Synthese der Leber. Im Laufe der darauffolgenden Stunde steigt der Glykogen-Gehalt in der Leber weiter deutlich an. Im Zeitraum zwischen 120 und 180 Min. nach der Glucoseabgabe verringert sich der Gehalt an Leber-Glykogen, während sich die Glucose-Abgabe aus der Leber erhöht. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die wichtige Rolle der Leber im Hinblick auf die Verwertung oral zugeführter Glucose im Organismus.
    Notes: Summary 6-14C-glucose (specific activity 6.0 μCi/g) was administered by oesophageal tube to fasted normal rats; the load was 1.5 g/kg. Rats were killed, in groups, at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after administration of the load, and the blood and liver sampled. Serum insulin and serum glucose reached a peak at 20 min. The radioactive serum glucose measured by the radioactivity in the dimedone derivatives of 6-C of glucose reached a peak at 60 min. At this time, 92% of the serum glucose originated from the load. Liver glycogen started to rise after 10–20 min, reaching a maximum at 120 min. The incorporation of 14C-glucose into liver glycogen paralleled the changes in total glycogen. It is suggested that during the first hour following an oral glucose load there is a reduction in the hepatic release of glucose, accompanied by an increase in hepatic glycogen synthesis. During the second hour there is a further marked increase in hepatic glycogen. Between 120 and 180 min there is a decrease in hepatic glycogen, and hepatic glucose release increases. The results emphasize the important role of the liver in the disposal of an oral glucose load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 33 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Gastrointestinal and serum absorption of astaxanthin was studied in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (217 ± 2 g) fed diets supplemented with either esterified astaxanthin (from Haematococcus pluvialis) or free astaxanthin (synthetic, as 8% w/w beadlets) at similar levels (50 mg kg−1). After 56 days of feeding, there was a significant difference (P = 0.0582) between steady-state serum astaxanthin concentrations for fish fed free (2.0 ±  0.3 μg mL−1) or esterified astaxanthin (1.3 ± 0.1  μg mL−1) at the 90% confidence level. However, following ingestion of a single meal supplemented with free or esterified astaxanthin, the rates of astaxanthin absorption into serum were not significantly different (P 〉 0.1) (0.8 ± 0.2 µg mL−1 h−1 and 1.0 ± 0.4 µg mL−1 h−1 respectively). In fish fed both free or esterified astaxanthin, higher absorption (P 〈 0.05) of astaxanthin by the ileal (0.8 ± 0.14 μg g−1 and 0.9 ± 0.15 μg g−1 respectively) compared with the posterior (0.2 ± 0.01 μg g−1 and 0.3 ± 0.14 μg g−1 respectively) intestine was recorded. This confirmed the role of the anterior intestine in carotenoid absorption. Non-detectable levels of esters in digesta taken from the hind intestine suggest the anterior intestine is also the primary region for ester hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 20 (1964), S. 646-648 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Description d'une méthode de détermination de l'insuline utilisant le diaphragme de sourisin situ. Les résultats concordent avec un essai similairein vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 24 (1968), S. 628-630 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé (1) Des adipocytes isolés à partir du tissu adipeux épididymaire du rat ont été incubés dans des milieux contenant du glucose (114C) et des concentrations variables d'insuline. La quantité de glucose (114C) transformée en glycogène (14C), (14C)O2 et triglycerides (14C) a été déterminée. (2) On démontre que la quantité de glucose (114C) transformée en glycogène par des adipocytes peut être évaluée et qu'elle est fonction de la concentration d'insuline. (3) La comparaison entre les effets d'insuline sur les transformations du glucose (114C) en glycogène (14C), en triglycerides (14C) ou (14C)O2 révèle que l'insuline a une action apparemment directe sur l'incorporation du glucose au glycogène. (4) Ce fait serait donc dû à un effet direct de l'insuline sur une réaction dans la synthèse du glycogène par les adipocytes ou à une grande affinité des enzymes participant à la synthèse du glycogène pour le glucose-1-phosphate et à leur faible capacité pour la synthèse du glycogène.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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