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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 16 (1978), S. 216-219 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cisternography with the water-soluble contrast medium metrizamide provides substantial advantages for CT demonstration: the discrimination and sharpness of definition of the basal cisterns can be considerably improved by the positive demonstration of the subarachnoid spaces. Studies of CSF dynamics make it possible to differentiate between a communicating hydrocephalus aresorptivus and a hydrocephalus within the scope of a brain atrophy. Brain substance defects and subarachnoid cysts can be clarified with respect to communication with the CSF space. Apart from providing static insights, the cisternographic use of metrizamide through repeated CT examinations also makes it possible to make conclusive statements about CSF dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 16 (1978), S. 564-567 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cases of stereotaxic irradiation of small tumors, CT makes possible a precise determination of tumor volume and dosage and permits exact positioning of the therapy probe. Iridium 192 wires are interstitially implanted in the tumor (mostly gliomas Grades I–III) after biopsy. The results with 98 CT-controlled patients (from a series of 213 implantations in midline tumors) have provided new information about the method of treating small cerebral gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Iodine 125 ; Iridium 192 ; Diencephalon ; Astrocytoma ; Childhood ; Long-term results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The only possible treatment of non-removable tumors of the diencephalon or recurring tumors invading the diencephalon after partial resection or percutaneous radiotherapy is interstitial irradiation (Curie therapy). With the CT/MRI stereotactic method, biopsy for histological tumor classification can be performed and 125I or 192Ir implanted, provided the neuroimaging methods show the delimitation of the tumor, its diameter does not exceed 3 cm and, given the patient's condition, focal irradiation seems advisable. As of 31 August 1987, a total of 1883 cases had been stereotactically biopsied and interstitially irradiated. The indications and results are reported in 204 patients under 18 years of age with diencephalic and deep-seated astrocytomas, after a follow-up period of up to 10 years; the data were compared for tumor resection, percutaneous irradiation, and for interstitial irradiation. The latter proved to be the most effective treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An account is given of two radioactive tracer methods with J131-Hippuran as a means of investigating flow and resorption in hydrocephalus. 1. We investigated the flow through ventriculs-atrial shunts by making an intraventricular injection of 10 to 20 μC of J131-Hippuran, and by means of the one-way valve of Pudenz-Heyer or of Spitz-Holter the fluid was transmitted to the heart and from thence the gamma activity of the J131-Hippuran leaving the heart could be recorded as an individual impulse. By means of this direct method of measurement leading to a transient raising of the impulse frequency, the flow capacity of the by-pass system is, either immediately recognisable on the register marker or may be demonstrated by statistical analysis. 2. By analysing the rate of decay (expressed as effective half-life) of the ventricular J131-Hippuran depots we could diagnose the flow through shunts the different forms of Hydrocephalus. Statistically verified differences in the effective half-life time allowed one to differentiate between obstructive and communicating hydrocephalus. The technique of measurement as well as the clinical experiences in 17 patients are fully described. 3. Computations of the dose show that if 10 μC were used as a basis, the effective tissue concentrations obtained was 38% of a protracted J131-Hippuran release in the most unfavourable cases, and usually it was 6 to 20%. Thus, the effective total accumulated dose amounted at most to only 0,044 rad, so that the J131-Hippuran technique for measuring c. s. f. flow and resorption is, from the point of view of radiation hazards, quite clearly free from risk and completely reliable.
    Abstract: Résumé Compte-rendu sur deux méthodes de traçage radio-actif à l'J131-Hippuran, en tant que moyen d'étude de l'écoulement et de la résorption du L. C. R. dans l'hydrocéphale. 1. Nous avons étudié l'écoulement à travers des shunts entre les ventricules et l'etrium auriculaire, en faisant une injection intraventriculaire de 10 à 20 μC d'J131-Hippuran, et grâce à une valve à une seule voie de Pudenz-Heyer ou de Spitz-Holter, le liquide était envoyé au coeur; de là, la radio-activité de J131-Hippuran, quittant le coeur pouvait être enregistrée comme une impulsion individuelle. Au moyen de cette méthode directe de mesure, qui entraine une augmentation transitoire du rythme cardiaque, le volume d'écoulement du système by-pass est soit immédiatement décelable sur l'enregistrement,soit démontré par l'analyse statistique. 2. En analysant le taux de diminution d'activité des dépôts d'J131-Hippuran dans le ventricule, nous avons pu diagnostiquer les différentes formes d'hydrocéphalie. Les différences vérifiées par la statistique ont permis de distinguer les hydrocéphalies bloquées des hydrocéphalies communicantes. La technique de mesure, ainsi que l'expérimentation clinique dans 17 cas, est longuement décrite. 3. Le calcul de la dose montre que sur la base de 10 μC la concentration tissulaire a été de 38% de la quantité J131-Hippuran dans les cas les plus défavorables, et ordinairement, de 6 à 20%. Ainsi, la dose totale effectuée s'est montrée au plus à 0,044 rad., de telle sorte que la technique de mesure de l'écoulement et de la résorption du L. C. R. par l'J131-Hippuran apparait, sur le plan des risques de radio-activité, entièrement exempte de risque, et particulièrement sûre.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden zwei radioaktive Tracer-Methoden mit J131-Hippuran zurPassage und Resorptionsprüfung beim Hydrocephalus angegeben: 1. Die Durchgängigkeitsprüfung ventrikulo-atrialer Shunts führen wir in der Weise durch, daß nach der intraventrikulären Injektion von 10 bis 20 μC J131-Hippuran durch Pumpen am Ventil des Pudenz-Heyer- oder Spitz-Holter-Systems Liquor in das Herz befördert wird und die dabei cardial auftretenden Gamma-Quanten des J131-Hippuran als Einzelimpulse registriert werden. Die Durchgängigkeit der Ableitsysteme ist mit dieser direkten Meßmethode an der kurzzeitigen Impulsfrequenzerhöhung entweder unmittelbar aus dem Registrierstreifen oder nach statistischer Auszählung zu sichern. 2. Eine indirekte Passageprüfung sowie die Differentialdiagnose der verschiedenen Formen des Hydrocephalus erreichen wir durch die Bestimmung der Verschwinderate (ausgedrückt als effektive Halbwertszeit) des ventrikulären J131-Hippuran-Depots. Die statistisch gesicherten Unterschiede der effektiven Halbwertszeiten erlauben die Abgrenzung des Hydrocephalus male resorptivus, obstructivus und hypersecretorius communicans. Die Meßtechnik sowie die klinischen Erfahrungen an 17 Patienten werden ausführlich beschrieben. 3. Dosisberechnungen zeigen, daß die wirklichen Gewebekonzentrationen im ungünstigsten Falle einer verzögerten J131-Hippuran-Ausscheidung 38%, meist nur 6 bis 20%, erreicht, wenn 10 μC Aktivitätsinkorporation zugrunde gelegt werden. Dementsprechend beträgt die totale effektive akkumulative Inkorporationsdosis maximal nur 0,044 rad, weshalb die oben beschriebenen J131-Hippuran-Passage- und Resorptionsprüfungen auch unter dem Gesichtspunkte der Strahlenbelastung offenbar mit keinem Risiko verbunden und durchaus zumutbar sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 133 (1995), S. 22-29 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain neoplasm ; movement disorder ; Parkinsonism ; tremor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracranial neoplasms are an uncommon cause of symptomatic Parkinsonism and rest tremor. We found an incidence of 0.3% in a prospective evaluation of 907 patients with supratentorial tumours. Eight patients with Parkinsonism and rest tremor secondary to supratentorial tumours sparing the basal ganglia are reported. Neuro-imaging revealed compression and distortion of the basal ganglia by large tumours which were identified histopathologically as meningiomas in four patients and as an epidermoid, a fibrillary astrocytoma, an anaplastic oligodendroglioma and a glioblastoma. Six patients underwent tumour removal by craniotomy, in two the histopathology was obtained by stereotactic biopsy. Four patients were free of Parkinsonian symptoms and signs on long-term follow-up. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved are discussed. Since some of these patients closely resemble cases of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and the movement disorder can precede other symptoms and signs or will remain isolated in the further course, the diagnosis of an intracranial neoplasm was generally delayed in these patients. Increased awareness of this rare entity may lead to an earlier diagnosis. Early computed tomography in patients with Parkinsonism might help to detect these patients with a potentially curable cause of their condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 11 (1963), S. 89-109 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After a preliminary description of our techniques for interstitial radiation, types of radiation, Dosimetry and complications, comparative statistical evaluations have been studied for the mean survival time of a first series of 157 patients with intrinsic tumours of the cerebral hemisphere. This series was treated between 1954 and 1959 with combined operative and interstitial Radio-isotope Implantation Therapy and with combined operative and deep radiation Therapy. The percentage overall survival rate is 60% higher after post-operative interstitial radio-isotope treatment. In individual groups, cases withGlioblastomata showed that with post-operative Co60 treatment there was a statistically significant prolongation of the mean survival time of about 29% and with tumours in the frontal region, there was a prolongation depending on the dosage of approximately 87% (16.8 months) or 106% (21.3 months). The 18% of patients still surviving show up to now a mean survival time of 41.7 months. With theAstrocytomata there was no significant difference in the two groups under study. The treated patients who died ofEpendymonata lived a statistically significant 1.5 times longer (21.4 months), whilst the 50% of patients who survived to the date of this investigation had a 54%. improved mean survival time of 3.7 years. The treated patients who died ofOligodendrogliomata show a statistically significant increase of mean survival time of 30% (21.8 months), whilst the 71% of patients still surviving showed an increased mean survival time of 45% (64.9 months). Of the methods of interstitial radiation which were investigated, Co60 post-operative treatment showed the best result. Undifferentiated or angioblasticMeningiomata, which could not be completely removed at operation because of their site or because of technical difficulties (e. g. haemorrhage), were coated as appropriate during operation with Ir 192. As a result of obliteration of the vessels and shrinkage of the remaining portion of the tumour, their subsequent total removal was made considerably easier. One worthwhile advantage of interstitial radiation is the reduction of 3/4 to 2/3 in the time under treatment in comparison with deep radiation therapy.
    Abstract: Résumé Après une description préliminaire des techniques d'irradiation interstitielle, des types d'irradiations, de la dosimétrie et des complications des statistiques comparatives ont été faites sur le temps moyen de survie dans une première série de 157 malades porteurs de tumeurs des hémisphères cérébraux. Cette série fut traitée entre 1954 et 1959 par intervention chirurgicale combinée à des implantations de radioisotopes et par intervention chirurgicale combinée à de la radiothérapie pénétrante. Le pourcentage de survie est 60% plus élevé après le traitement post-opératoire par radio isotope. Dans chaque groupe, les cas deglioblastomes montrent qu'avec le cobalt 60 post opératoire, il y a une prolongation notable de survie moyenne, d'environ 29% et pour les tumeurs frontales, il y a une prolongation dépendant les doses, d'environ 87% (16,8 mois) ou 106% (21,3 mois). — Les 18% de malades encore en vie donnent jusqu'à maintenant une survie moyenne de 41,7 mois. — En ce qui concerne lesastrocytomes, il n'y a pas de différence marquée entre les deux groupes étudiés. Les malades traités et mortsd'épendynomes survécurent 1 fois 1/2 plus longtemps (21,4 mois) tandis que 50% des malades vivants au moment de cette enquête, avaient un temps de survie amélioré de 54% (3,7 ans). Les malades mortsd'oligodendrogliomes ont une augmentation de survie de 30% (21,8 mois), tandis que 71% des malades vivants ont une augmentation de survie de 45% (64,9 mois). Parmi les méthodes d'irradiation interstitielle, le traitement postopératoire par Co60 donne les meilleurs résultats. Lesméningiomes indifférenciés ou angioblastiques qui n'ont être complètement enlevés au cours de l'intervention, en raison de leur siège ou de difficultés techniques (hémorragie par exemple) ont été enduits pendant l'opération de Ir 192. Il résulta de la thrombose des vaisseaux et de la retraction de la tumeur restante, une exérèse totale considérablement plus facile. Un avantage considérable de l'irradiation interstitielle est la diminution des 3/4, ou des 2/3 du temps du traitement en comparaison de la radiothérapie profonde.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach einer einleitenden Darstellung unserer interstitiellen Bestrahlungstechniken, Strahlerarten, Dosimetrie und Komplikationen werden vergleichende statistische Auswertungen der mittleren Überlebenszeiten einer ersten Serie von 157 Patienten mit infiltrierenden Hemisphärentumoren, die zwischen 1954 und 1959 mit der kombinierten operativen und interstitiellen Radio-Isotopen-Implant-Therapie und der kombinierten operativen und Röntgentiefenbestrahlung behandelt worden sind, vorgenommen. Die prozentuale Gesamtüberlebensrate ist nach der postoperativen interstitiellen Radio-Isotopen-Behandlung 60% höher. Im einzelnen zeigen von denGlioblastomen die Fälle mit einer Co60-Nachbestrahlung eine statistisch gesicherte Verlängerung der mittleren Überlebenszeit um 29% und bei den Tumoren frontaler Lokalisation und abhängig von der Dosishöhe um 87 (16,8 Monate) bzw. 106% (21,3 Monate). Die noch lebenden 18% der Patienten erreichten bisher eine tm=41,7 Monaten. Die beiden Vergleichsgruppen unter denAstrocytomen sind nicht signifikant unterschieden. Die verstorbenen Patienten mitEpendymomen lebten — hoch signifikant statistisch gesichert — 1 1/2fach länger (21,4 Monate), die 50% (vergleichsweise 25%) bis zum Stichtag überlebenden Patienten mit 3,7 Jahren um 54% länger. Auch bei den verstorbenen Patienten mitOligodendrogliomen ist die mittlere Überlebenszeit statistisch gesichert um 30% (21,8 Monate) und bei den 71% (vergleichsweise 50%) Überlebenden bisher um 45% (64,9 Monate) verlängert. Von den geprüften interstitiellen Bestrahlungsmethoden zeigt die postoperative Co60-Bestrahlung die besten Ergebnisse. Entdifferenzierte oder angioblastischeMeningeome, die infolge lokalisatorischer oder technischer Schwierigkeiten (Blutungen) operativ nicht vollständig entfernt werden können, werden intraoperativ am zweckmäßigsten mit Ir192 gespickt. Durch die Obliteration der Gefäße und Schrumpfung des Tumorrestes wird seine spätere Totalexstirpation erheblich erleichtert. Ein nicht zu vernachlässigender Vorteil der interstitiellen Bestrahlung ist die Abkürzung des stationären klinischen Aufenthaltes um drei Viertel bis zwei Drittel im Vergleich zur Röntgentiefenbestrahlung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 29 (1973), S. 123-129 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Riechert and Mundinger's stereotactic apparatus (1956) has been modified and partly reconstructed so that the parameters of different target points, adopted during a single procedure, can be immediately calculated by a computer. The mathematical foundations and derivations are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mathematical derivations of the formulae for the position of the side-protruding electrode are given for a stereotactic apparatus with polar coordinates (Riechert-Mundinger system).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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