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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early and late effects on the normal dog brain of permanent interstitial iridium-192 irradiation (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 70 (1986), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Iridium-192 ; Interstitial radiation ; Brachytherapy ; Radionecrosis ; Delayed-radiation damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the effects of a permanent interstitial source of γ-irradiation on normal brain tissue, single iridium-192 (Ir-192) wires (1.05 mCi) were stereotactically implanted into the left centrum semiovale of adult dogs (survival times, 25, 46, 74, 230 and 362 days). Within 25 days, a coagulation necrosis developed in the immediate vicinity of the radioactive source. In later stages, the necrosis increased in size and became progressively mineralized. Staining for extravascular immunoreactive serum proteins revealed the presence of a chronic perifocal vasogenic edema, which extended into the white matter of the entire ipsilateral hemisphere. This edema persisted through all stages and showed a significant decrease only in the animal with a 1-year survival. A reactive gliosis with formation of a dense network of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes developed around the central necrosis in the adjacent white matter and, at later stages, in the contralateral hemisphere. Demyelination was restricted to the ipsilateral centrum semiovale without affecting the internal capsule or the contralateral hemisphere. It was present as early as 25 days and showed no tendency to increase at later stages. Analysis of the sequential morphological changes following Ir-192 implantation suggests that the central coagulation necrosis represents a direct radiation effect, the sharp focal delineation of which can be explained by the physical characteristics of the radiation source, i.e., rapid falloff of the dose at short distances. Due to the continuous emission of radiation energy, there is a perifocal zone with overlapping of progressive radiation damage and tissue organization. This focus becomes the source of a chronic vasogenic edema, which in turn is most likely to be responsible for the partial demyelination of the adjacent centrum semiovale. The widespread reactive gliosis observed at all stages may also, in part, be a consequence of chronic vasogenic edema, but its distribution suggests that direct radiation effects may also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691426
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid therapy obscures the diagnosis of cerebral lymphoma (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain tumor ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Primary cerebral lymphoma ; Stereotactic biopsy ; Glucocorticoid therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropathological and radiographical findings of two patients with primary CNS B cell lymphoma are presented. Prior to computerized tomographic (CT)-guided stereotactic biopsy both patients had received glucocorticoid therapy which led to marked tumor regression on CT scans and transient improvement of neurological deficits. Despite careful targeting and serial sampling, multiple biopsy specimens examined cytologically, histologically and immunomorphologically showed nonspecific reactive astrogliosis and conspicuous perivascular infiltrates of T lymphocytes. A second biopsy performed after an interval of 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, and short-term discontinuation of dexamethasone therapy in one case, unequivocally established the diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is concluded that steroid therapy may obscure the bioptic diagnosis of cerebral lymphoma. In addition to the well-known anti-edematous effect of glucocorticoids neuropathologists and neurosurgeons should be aware of a rapid and pronounced lymphodepletive action of steroids on maligant CNS lymphomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307631
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titanium Riechert head ring for MR Stereotaxy (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 121 (1993), S. 82-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Stereotactic surgery ; magnetic resonance imaging ; radiosurgery ; treatment planning ; instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic Resonance has become the preferred neuro-imaging modality. To fully take advantage of the high anatomical resolution the Riechert stereotactic system was adapted for use in Magnetic Resonance Stereotaxy. The head ring which until recently was made of an aluminum alloy has been replaced by an unsegmented head ring of pure titanium without changing the dimensions and fixation mode. No significant misregistration due to eddy currents has been noticed. Minor distortion induced by the titanium head ring can be corrected mathematically. Thus the geometric information is limited only by the pixel resolution of the MR image.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405188
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New head fixation for the riechert stereotaxic system (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 94 (1988), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Stereotaxy ; brain tumour ; combined open-stereotaxic procedure ; instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The combined use of Stereotaxic and microsurgical techniques makes it possible to minimize damage to critical nervous tissue during operations in subcortical regions. The Riechert Stereotaxic system has been further modified. The patient's head is fixed in the new head ring with standard Mayfield pins. The headring is connected to a standard Mayfield clamp at symmetrical bearings at 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees, which holds the head stable in any desired position and allows unhindered access to the cranial vault and skull base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406622
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 837-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050188
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colloid cysts of the third ventricle (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 83 (1986), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Colloid cysts ; hydrocephalus ; stereotactic puncture ; third ventricle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colloid cysts of the third ventricle can cause hydrocephalus if they grow to the point where they occlude the foramina interventricularia. The operative approach via a craniotomy used to be the common method of treating these lesions. Now, in the era of CT- and MR-scanning, stereotactic aspiration should be preferred as an ideal method of simultaneously diagnosing and treating colloid cysts. Unlike open surgery, aspiration of colloid masses poses hardly any risk for the patient. Ten cases successfully treated by this technique are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 as a marker for proliferating cells in stereotactic biopsies of brain tumours (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 89 (1987), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Proliferating cells ; Ki-67 ; brain tumour ; stereotactic biopsy ; tumour grading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 has been tested as a marker of proliferating cells in 52 stereotactic brain tumour biopsies. The antibody reacts with a nuclear protein expressed in G1,S, G2n and Mphases of the cell cycle. Using the immunoperoxidase technique on squash preparations the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells was determined as a fraction of the total number of tumour cells present. This Ki-67 index was in close correlation with the histological grade. Highest values were found in a pineal germinoma (46.3%) and in 3 primary cerebral non-Hodgkin lymphomas (mean 39.5%). Among the gliomas, the highest fraction of proliferating cells was seen in 2 anaplastic paediatric brain stem gliomas (mean 17.4%) and in an anaplastic ependymoma (12.5%). Anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas varied considerably with mean values of 9.5% and 8%, respectively. To some extent this variability may reflect tumour heterogeneity which is more likely to manifest in small stereotactic samples than in large tissue specimens obtained during open surgery. Pilocytic astrocytomas, mixed gliomas and fibrillary astrocytomas had moderate to low percentages. Ki-67 staining of squash preparations can easily be performed on a rountine basis and is, in our experience, superior to frozen sections. This method allows the determination of the growth fraction of an individual tumour and could become an important additional criterion for the decision among alternative and potentially harmful therapeutic regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01560376
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral angiography under stereotactic conditions (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 91 (1988), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Stereotaxy ; cerebral angiography ; brain tumour biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple system for cerebral angiography under stereotactic conditions using standard components is described. X-ray tubes and power generator belong to the usual equipment of the stereotact operating room. A film changer and an injection pump were integrated into the stereotactic arrangement. Angiographic documents with reduced X-ray magnification were obtained. For topographical orientation 5 films per seriogram were sufficient. The system also allows stereoscopic viewing by performing an additional oblique sequence after the head ring is rotated exactly 6 degrees. The combination of the necessary diagnostic procedures, as CT scan, angiography, ventriculography, serial biopsy within a single three coordinate reference system offers considerable advantages for brain tumour patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01424573
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 131 (1994), S. 164-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01401469
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereotaktische Behandlung der Bewegungsstörungen (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bewegungsstörungen ; M. Parkinson ; Stereotaxie ; Tremor ; Hirnstimulation ; Key words Stereotactic surgery ; Parkinson’s disease ; Movement disorders ; Thalamotomy ; Pallidotomy ; Brain ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Stereotactic surgery for movement disorders is currently undergoing a re-evaluation. A new understanding of the pathophysiology makes the surgical lesion a logical step for the aleviation of both hyperkinetic symptoms such as tremor and hypokinetic symptoms like bradykinesia. Advances in imaging and electrophysiological control render these procedures more accurate and safer. Indications are medically refractory, Parkinsonean tremor, essential tremor, cerebellar tremor, bradykinesia and L-Dopa induced dyskinesis. The standard procedure is ablative surgery, i.e. thalamotomy for tremors and pallidotomy for bradykinesia, dystonia and L-Dopa induced dyskinesias. Deep brain stimulation is a novel alternative for selected patients which is currently evaluated. Neural transplantation of autologus, fetal or genetically manipulated cell suspensions into the striatum for the time being is experimental.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die chirurgische, d.h. stereotaktische Behandlung von Bewegungsstörungen erfährt derzeit eine Neubewertung. Neue Einsichten in die Pathophysiologie der Bewegungsstörungen haben dazu geführt, daß der stereotaktische Eingriff als begründeter therapeutischer Schritt angesehen wird. Die Nebenwirkungen stereotaktischer Eingriffe sind durch neue operative Techniken, digitale Bildgebung und elektrophysiologische Kontrollen geringer geworden. Die hauptsächlichen Indikationen sind Parkinson-Tremor und Rigidität, essentieller Tremor und zerebellärer Tremor. Als etablierte Routinemethode wird die stereotaktische Elektrokoagulation im Thalamus für alle Tremorformen weiterhin bevorzugt. Für die Behandlung von Akinesie und Bradykinesie, besonders auch der Dopa-induzierten Hyperkinesien, gewinnt die Pallidotomie rasch wieder an Bedeutung. Die chronische Stimulation durch Implantation von Hirnelektroden ist in Einzelfällen indiziert. Die Transplantation autologer, fetaler oder gentechnisch manipulierter Zellen wird derzeit in ihrer Bedeutung für die Therapie untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050150
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