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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Isopropyl alcohol ; Tracheal mucosa ; Ciliary activity ; Recovery process ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on the tracheal mucosa was studied experimentally with special reference to the recovery process of the organ. The results showed that 400 ppm IPA has an acute effect on the mucociliary system in the tracheal mucosa, and that recovery from such degeneration can occur in 2 weeks. When functional and morphological damage was induced by a higher level (5500 ppm) of IPA, recovery did not occur in 2 weeks. The conclusion is that the present allowable level of IPA is reasonable from the viewpoint of the effects of short-term exposure to IPA on the tracheal mucosa. In addition, a higher level of IPA exposure has longer-term effects on the tracheal mucosa, and workers exposed to such a higher level of IPA vapor should be given careful otolaryngological follow-up observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 238 (1983), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Kanamycin ; Ferritin ; Electron microscope ; Stria vascularis ; Transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ferritin transport through the striai capillary during kanamycin intoxication was examined under a transmission electron microscope. Twelve guinea pigs were treated intramuscularly with kanamycin (400 mg/kg/day) for 2–3 weeks. When full hearing loss was recognized by estimating the Preyer reflex or auditory brain-stem response (ABR), ferritin was given intravenously and animals were sacrificed 1/3, 1, and 2 h later. At 1/3 h, ferritin was present diffusely not only in the endothelial cell but also in the basal lamina and within vesicles in the striai cell. Alternatively, it was discharged into the endolymphatic space. At 2 h, ferritin was seen on the luminal surface and in the cytoplasm of the endolymphatic cells of Reissner's membrane. These results suggest that the basal lamina of the striai capillary was altered qualitatively by kanamycin administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 240 (1984), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma ; Primary maxillary mucocele ; Maxillary sinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of asymptomatic leiomyosarcoma of the maxillary sinus accompanied by primary maxillary mucocele is presented together with a review of the literature. The manifestation and symptoms, pathology in special reference to electron microscopic findings, treatment and prognosis, and origin of this tumor are discussed. Initially, this tumor should be treated by extensive surgical excision, but long-term follow-up is essential in the light of this high rate of local recurrence, and radical neck surgery is indicated for metastatic nodal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 241 (1985), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal allergy ; Topical immunology ; Localized allergy ; Nasal mucosal IgE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study, the in vitro tissue-radioallergosorbent test (t-RAST) was performed in two groups of patients: one with perennial attacks of sneezing, serous hypersecretion and nasal congestion, the other with nasal congestion only. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by a series of conventional allergy tests. We then found that t-RAST provided objective data comparable to those obtained with serum-RAST and that the t-RAST is a reliable means of quantitatively detecting specific IgE antibodies in the nasal mucosa. t-RAST is of special value to diagnosticians because it is able to discern unequivocally and easily those patients with localized nasal allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 242 (1985), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal allergy ; Ciliary activity ; Multivalent analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nasal allergy is a disease ensuing from type-I allergic reactions in the nasal cavity. A correct understanding of this process requires further investigation of the non-allergic pathology present. In the allergic state, the function of the nasal cilia is considered to be involved in the invasion of allergens into the nasal mucosa, and may also be involved with the manifestation and progression of the disease produced. In the present study, we examined the ciliary activity of the nasal mucosa of 35 patients with nasal allergies by using the photo-electric method of Ohashi and Nakai to better understand the non-allergic pathologies present. The nasal cilia of four healthy volunteers served as controls. In addition, a multivalent analysis was made according to quantifying theory I in order to define the effects of various factors on ciliary activity in the nasal mucosa during the allergic state. The following results were found in our present study. Ciliary activity was observed in 32 of 35 patients with nasal allergy. The mean value of the ciliary activity in these patients was 498±195 beats/min, while that of the normal controls was 753±46 beats/min. The ciliary activity in the nasal mucosa in the allergic state declined as the morbid period was prolonged; this decline in ciliary activity was relatively great in cases of perennial allergies aggravated by season-specific allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 242 (1985), S. 343-348 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Ciliary activity ; Middle ear mucosa ; Irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radiation-induced changes in the ciliary activity of the eustachian tube and middle ear mucosa were investigated in a laboratory model. Twenty-four guinea pigs were sacrificed, and a mucosa at the bony portion of each eustachian tube and from the middle ear proximal and distal to the tube were sampled. The mucosal samples were irradiated with 200 kV hard X-rays discretely at a dosage level of 0.5–30.0 Gy, and the induced changes in ciliary activity were expressed as a percent deviation from baseline levels before irradiation. The present study demonstrates that the cilia of the eustachian tube and middle ear mucosa show different reactions to irradiation according to their tympanic locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 198 (1971), S. 325-338 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die ototoxische Wirkung von Nitromin wurde an Mäusen und Meerschweinchen studiert and die toxischen Veränderungen den morphologischen Bildern der Cochlea von Shaker-Mäusen und Hedlund-Nerzen gegenüber gestellt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die toxische Wirkung von Nitromin größer ist als die von Streptomycin and Kanamycin — bezogen auf die verabfolgte Dosis. Toxische Veränderungen fanden sick hauptsächlich im Sinnesepithel der Cochlea. Zuerst kam es zum Untergang von äußeren Haarzellen in der basalen Schneckenwindung beginnend mit der Bildung von „Wirbeln” and der Proliferation des glatten endoplasmatischen Reticulums und endend mit der kompletten Degeneration der Sinneszellen, jedoch nur mit geringen Veränderungen in der Stria vascularis. Gleich nach dem Verschwinden der Haarzellen waxen immer noch einige efferente Nervenendungen im Corti-Organ vorhanden. Die Shaker-Maus hat eine völlig normale Stria vascularis mit normaler Ausfüllung der Scaly media, abet One schwere Degeneration des Corti-Organs. Die Cochlea zeigt pathologische Veränderungen etwas ähnlich der durch ototoxische Antibiotica geschädigten Cochlea. Auf der anderen Seite fmdet man bei Hedlund-Nerzen eine Degeneration des Cortischen Organs, hervorgerufen durch schwere Degeneration der Stria vascularis und durch Kollaps der Scala media. Wir haben also ähnliche Formen von Cochlea-Degeneration bei drei Sorten von Versuchstieren gezeigt, die auf unterschiedlichen pathologischen Wegen zustande kommen.
    Notes: Summary The ototoxic action of nitromin on guinea pigs and mice was studied, Shaker-l-mice and Hedlund white mink cochlea were also studied with the comparison of nitromin intoxicated cochlea. Nitromin was found to be more toxic than kanamycin, streptomycin and gentamicin with regard to their dosages. Toxic reactions were mainly observed in the cochlear sensory epithelia. Degeneration appeared first in the outer hair cells in the basal turn of the cochlea starting with the formation of whorls and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticula and ending with the complete degeneration of the sensory cells, but the stria vascularis showed little change. Even after the disappearance of the hair cells, some efferent nerve endings were still present in the organ of Corti. Shaker mice have a fairly normal stria vascularis with normal filling of scaly media but show severe degeneration of organ of Corti. This cochlea shows pathological changes somewhat similar to those of ototoxic antibiotics intoxicated cochlea. On the other hand, Hedlund white mink showed the degeneration of the organ of Corti caused by severe degeneration of the stria vascularis and collapse of scaly media. We have demonstrated similar final cochlear degeneration following different pathological pathways in three species of animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 239 (1984), S. 197-203 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Inner ear blood flow ; Blood pressure ; Angiotensin II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the effects of blood pressure on the blood flow in the inner ear as compared with other organs in normotensive rats (NR), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR). The cardiac output and the regional blood flow were measured by a radioactive microsphere technique in conscious rats. The haemodynamics of the inner ear and other organs and the effects of a converting-enzyme inhibitor (SA-446) on the regional blood flow were compared among NR, SHR, and RHR, the blood pressure being 107, 152, and 185 mm Hg, respectively. With the exception of the heart, the organ blood flow was lower in SHR than in NR in all organs, including the inner ear. It was also lower in RHR than in SHR. The blood pressure dropped after i.v. injection of SA-446, while the regional blood flow increased. The effect was strongest in RHR, followed by SHR and finally NR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) 1% in absolute alcohol was used, according to Bloom and Aghajanian's ('66) method, during the final dehydration stage of glutaraldehyde-fixed cochlear specimens which were processed for electron microscopic study without osmium treatment. Familiar structures emerged with additional characteristics. PTA stained supporting elements. Synaptic areas were emphasized and the synaptic bar of hair cells opposite afferent endings was densely stained. Dark clumps were found near the synaptic surface of efferent nerve endings that seemed to correspond to the material sometimes seen between vesicles near the synaptic cleft. A dense layer was present in hair cells opposite efferent terminals between the outer layer of the double membrane and the synaptic membrane. Formations resembling synapses between the nerve endings of outer hair cells were emphasized by PTA staining, but were difficult to find because of their rarity. It seems unlikely that synaptic interaction between cochlear nerve endings is vital in the basic physiology of hearing.PTA staining permits recognition of cochlear nerve ending type independent of hair cell features which will make it a useful aid for the study of the development of the inner ear and of pathological ear conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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