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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Allgemeinnarkose – Ketamin – In-vitro-Fertilisations-Embryotransfer (IVF-ET) – Prolaktin –β-Endorphine ; Key words: General anaesthesia – Ketamine – In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer – Prolactin –β-endorphins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Different anaesthetic procedures that were used during an in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program have been analysed in order to determine their influence on plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and β-endorphin and results of IVF-ET. Methods. Fifty-four patients awaiting transvaginal oocyte aspiration were randomised into three groups: (1) anaesthesia with ketamine as an induction agent and analgesic (n=20); (2) general intubation anaesthesia using thiopentone for induction and enflurane for maintenance (n=18); and (3) no anaesthesia (n=16). Estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and β-endorphin were measured from day 3 to 14 referring to follicle aspiration. Differences between preoperative hormone levels and their intra- and postoperative peaks were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P〈0.03). The results were corrected using the Holms method (α=0.05). Results. No differences were observed in estradiol and progesterone levels (Figs. 1, 2). Prolactin levels were 1.4 times higher (P〈0.001) when ketamine was used and 2.2 times higher (P〈0.001) after short general anaesthesia than in the control group (Fig. 3). Similar results were observed with respect to β-endorphin: in comparison with the control group we found significant elevation by a factor of 2.1 when ketamine was used (P〈0.001). The discrepancy became even more marked with general anaesthesia: β-endorphin was 3.9 times higher compared to the controls (P〈0.001) (Fig. 4). Comparing the two groups who were given anaesthetics, prolactin and β-endorphin levels were also significantly different (P〈0.001). The IVF procedure itself did not appear to be affected by different anaesthetic procedures during oocyte aspiration (Table 2). Conclusions. The increased prolactin and β-endorphin plasma levels associated with ketamine and general anaesthesia reflect a significant alteration of the observed hormone levels. When anaesthesia is indicated, we try to avoid general intubation anaesthesia in favor of ketamine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen der in-vitro-Fertilisations-Embryotransfer-(IVF-ET-)Behandlung werden bei der Oozytengewinnung u. a. systemische Kurznarkosen eingesetzt. Ihr Einfluß auf die Östradiol-, Progesteron-, Prolaktin- und β-Endorphin-Plasmaspiegel sowie auf die Ergebnisse der IVF-Verfahren wurde an 54 Patientinnen untersucht. Diese wurden vor einer geplanten transvaginalen Follikelpunktion zwischen einer Narkose mit Ketamin als Einleitungshypnotikum und Analgetikum (n=20), einer "Allgemeinnarkose" mit Thiopental als Einleitungs- und Enfluran als Inhalationsnarkotikum (n=18) und einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Anästhesie (n=16) randomisiert. Die Hormonspiegelbestimmungen erfolgten peri- und intraoperativ zwischen Tag −3 und +14. Die Differenzbeträge zum individuellen Vor- bzw. Nullwert wurden mittels Kruskal-Wallis-Test analysiert (p〈0,03) und nach dem Holm-Verfahren korrigiert (α=0,05). Der Prolaktinspiegel war unter Ketaminanästhesie 1,4fach und Allgemeinanästhesie 2,2fach gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe erhöht (jeweils p〈0,001). Auch die β-Endorphine stiegen um den Faktor 2,1 (p〈0,001) bzw. 3,9 (p〈0,001) signifikant an. Beim Vergleich der Narkoseformen untereinander waren Prolaktin- sowie Endorphinspiegel ebenfalls signifikant unterschiedlich (p〈0,001). Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich bezüglich der Östradiol- und Progesteronspiegel sowie in bezug auf die IVF-Durchführung und die klinischen Ergebnisse nach Embryotransfer. Wenngleich die klinischen Ergebnisse der IVF-Behandlung nicht durch den Einsatz der Narkoseverfahren beeinflußt wurden, sollte dennoch ein Anästhesieverfahren mit einer geringen Beeinflussung der Hormonspiegel gewählt werden. In unserer Untersuchung war dies die Ketaminnarkose ohne endotracheale Intubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Human ; Ca2+-binding proteins ; Parvalbumin ; Calbindin D-28k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28k (CaBP) was investigated in the human cerebellar cortex. Purkinje cells contain both PV and CaBP. PV but not CaBP stains stellate and basket cells in the molecular layer. In the granular layer Golgi neurons can be subdivided into a majority, devoid of both Ca2+-binding proteins, and a scanty population which appears to be PV- and CaBP-immunoreactive. Thus GABAergic neurons in the human cerebellar cortex show selective differences in their Ca2+-binding properties, and these differences might reflect a heterogeneity in the processing of Ca2-mediated events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Epileptic seizures ; Pinocytosis ; Hypothalamus ; Pallidum ; Hippocampus ; Septum ; Thalamus ; Periaque-ductal gray ; Cerebellar cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rabbits were subjected to bicuculline-induced generalized seizures of 15-min duration to elucidate the mechanism by which the macromolecule horseradish peroxidase (HRP) traverses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in specific brain areas. Transendothelial pinocytosis at the level of arterioles was the main route of passage. In addition, in thalamus and hippocampus pinocytotic vesicles were observed in capillaries. In thalamus, hypothalamus and septum vesicles in the endothelium of venules were also present. Repeatedly, pinocytotic vesicles were ejecting their content into the interendothelial clefts, so that the presence of HRP reaction product between adjacent tight junctions cannot be considered a conclusive evidence for their opening. The HRP, which had reached the neuropil due to the seizure-evoked BBB opening, accumulated in the interstitial spaces and penetrated the synaptic cleft. Uptake of the tracer in vesicular form into presynaptic boutons, presumably excitatory ones as diagnosed by their ultrastructural features, was observed in all brain regions. The uptake was rare in septum, periaqueductal gray, hypothalamus, and cerebellar cortex; frequent in pallidum, hippocampus, and medulla oblongata; and very intense in thalamus. Uptake in postsynaptic dendrites was present mostly in the vicinity of boutons. Incorporation into glial processes was rare and confined to perivascular astrocytes. It is suggested, that HRP traverses the BBB by regionally selective, transmitter-controlled pinocytotic transport and that the neuronal uptake of the foreign protein is at least partially dependent on the involvement of synapses of particular brain regions in the paroxysmal activity during the generalized seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 41 (1981), S. 247-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampal slice ; Ultrastructure ; Mossy fiber synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 0.2 to 0.4 mm thick slices of guinea pig hippocampus were studied morphologically after varying periods of incubation at 36 ° C in Krebs-Ringer solution. Prior to fixation, the slices were tested for the presence of synaptically driven discharges of CA 3 neurons following mossy fiber (mf) stimulation because tissue preservation was satisfactory only in slices in which electrical responses were obtained. The fine structure of the mf layer in slices was compared with the ultrastructure of this region in hippocampal tissue fixed by transcardial perfusion or immersion of the tissue in the fixative. In the central part of the slices many intact neuronal structures of the mf layer could be seen even after 4 h of incubation. In the outer parts of the slices, neurons were swollen and vacuolated. These alterations were not observed in hippocampal tissue fixed by transcardial perfusion or by immersion. In all parts of the slices dark neurons and processes were found. Since dark neurons were also numerous in tissue blocks immersed in the fixative but were rare in perfused material, these changes were obviously caused by damage to unfixed tissue and fixation by immersion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 48 (1982), S. 463-466 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Taurine ; Scizures ; Pyridoxine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentration of taurine was measured in 15 brain regions of the rabbit before the onset of convulsions induced by the potent glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor methoxypyridoxine. A significant rise in taurine content was observed in the hippocampus, putamen, caudate nucleus, frontal cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus. GABA levels determined from the same tissue samples were all significantly reduced. An unaffected taurine synthesis coupled with blocked transport to the blood is considered as a possible explanation for this taurine increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 934 (1988), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (Cyanobacterium) ; Electron transport ; Energy storage ; Optoacoustics ; Photosynthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 148 (1988), S. 130-135 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6559-6564 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Resonant two color two photon ionization is used to investigate the first electronically excited state of NaNH3 as a first example of size selected, solvated alkali metal atoms systems (alkali⋅solventn). The observed spectrum shows a complex vibrational and rotational structure. The 0-0 transition is found at 12 220 cm−1 (1.52 eV), in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations. With increasing laser power ionic fragments of the molecule are seen, indicating possible new avenues to study the dynamics of charge transfer processes in this type of model system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: At 1, 2, and 4 weeks after unilateral premotor and motor cortex ablation in rats, a significant and lasting decrease in glutamate levels in the ipsilateral versus contralateral striatum was observed. A significant corresponding fall in aspartate was seen only after 1 week. In contrast, there was a large increase in the striatal concentrations of lysine, threonine, alanine, and glutamine 1 week after the cortical ablation. This correlates with the extensive glial proliferation in the deafferented ipsilateral striatum. Four weeks after cortical ablation the GABA concentration was significantly increased. There was no decrease in other putative transmitters (dopamine, serotonin, acetyl-choline, glycine and taurine), nor was a glutamate decrease observed in the hippocampus or in the hypothalamus, which do not receive direct premotor and motor cortical inputs. Both biochemical and morphological evidence for a minor contralateral cortico-striatal projection was obtained. Correlating with the fall in glutamate, ultrastructural observations indicated the degeneration of two types of striatal synapses, i.e., those of the axo-spinous type III and of the axo-dendritic type VII. Frontal cortex ablation clearly affects, in opposite directions, the metabolism of various striatal amino acids but not that of acetylcholine and the monoamine transmitters. The results strongly support the view that glutamate is the transmitter of the cortico-striatal fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The re-expression of the developmentally regulated serine protease inhibitor glia-derived nexin (GDN) was investigated 1 year after transient global ischaemia induced by the four-vessel occlusion technique in rats. The CA1 sector of the hippocampus was severely shrunken due to the absence of pyramidal cells, but still clearly discernible due to the continued presence of the parvalbumin-containing GABAergic neurons. In this partially neuron-depleted hippocampus, GDN immunoreactivity was found in reactive astrocytes containing glial fibrillary acidic protein. GDN-positive astrocytes were also found in other lesioned areas, the reticular thalamic nucleus and the cerebellar cortex. Thus, the re-expression of GDN in the adult excitotoxically lesioned brain described previously in the gerbil model of ischaemia persists. The continued presence of the protease inhibitor might disturb the proteolytic balance and lead to the deposition of pathological breakdown products of proteins, e.g. β-amyloid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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